Journal: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Spatial and temporal variability of water quality in coral reefs of Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombian Caribbean
Journal: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Elisa Bayraktarov*, Valeria Pizarro, Christian Wild
*Corresponding author:
Elisa Bayraktarov
Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT)
Fahrenheitstraße 6
D-28359 Bremen, Germany
Phone:+49 (0) 421 23800-106
Fax: +49 (0) 421 23800-30
E-mail:
Supplementary material
Table S1 Environmental variables measured throughout the period of study. Replication indicates total number of collected or measured samples. Abbreviations: Nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), chlorophyll a (chla), particulate organic matter (POM), particulate nitrogen (PN), particulate organic carbon (POC), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen availability (O2).
Variable / Method / Start / End / NTemperature / in situ loggers / Oct 2010 / Feb 2013 / 288 per day and site
Salinity / conductimeter / Jan 2011 / Feb 2013 / 624
Inorganic nutrients (NO3-, NO2-, SRP) / spectro-photometry / Jan 2011 / Feb 2013 / 624
chla / fluorometry / Jan 2011 / Feb 2013 / 624
Water clarity / Secchi depth / May 2011 / Feb 2013 / 640
POM (PN + POC) / elemental analyzer / Jan 2011 / Feb 2013 / 624
BOD / incubations / Nov 2011 / Feb 2013 / 512
O2 / luminescent dissolved oxygen electrode / Nov 2011 / Feb 2013 / 512
pH / pH electrode / Nov 2011 / Feb 2013 / 512
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Table S2 Mean environmental variables (± SD) at the exposed (exp) and sheltered (she) sites and a water depth of 10 m in Chengue Bay for the major upwelling (December – April), minor upwelling (July - August), major non-upwelling (September - November) and minor non-upwelling (May - June) periods.
Water column Chengue / Major upwelling / Minor upwelling / Major non-upwelling / Minor non-upwellingexposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site
Temperature (°C) / 25.1 ± 1.6 / 25.1 ± 1.6 / 27.4 ± 1.2 / 27.4 ± 1.2 / 28.9 ± 0.7 / 28.8 ± 0.7 / 27.4 ± 0.9 / 27.3 ± 1.0
Salinity / 37.0 ± 1.0 / 37.0 ± 0.8 / 35.7 ± 0.9 / 35.7 ± 0.9 / 34.7 ± 1.7 / 34.7 ± 1.7 / 35.5 ± 1.6 / 35.4 ± 1.5
Nitrate (µmol L-1) / 1.30 ± 0.74 / 1.15 ± 0.77 / 0.56 ± 0.36 / 0.36 ± 0.21 / 0.30 ± 0.18 / 0.27 ± 0.15 / 0.28 ± 0.11 / 0.23 ± 0.15
Nitrite (µmol L-1) / 0.15 ± 0.06 / 0.15 ± 0.06 / 0.09 ± 0.03 / 0.07 ± 0.03 / 0.12 ± 0.12 / 0.11 ± 0.09 / 0.07 ± 0.04 / 0.06 ± 0.03
SRP (µmol L-1) / 0.16 ± 0.12 / 0.15 ± 0.10 / 0.11 ± 0.06 / 0.23 ± 0.16 / 0.12 ± 0.07 / 0.15 ± 0.08 / 0.09 ± 0.06 / 0.11 ± 0.06
Chlorophyll a (µg L-1) / 1.21 ± 0.85 / 1.91 ± 3.26 / 3.89 ± 6.36 / 0.74 ± 0.07 / 0.72 ± 0.22 / 0.86 ± 0.49 / 0.67 ± 0.21 / 0.70 ± 0.19
Particulate N (µg L-1) / 16.4 ± 5.3 / 17.7 ± 5.8 / 12.5 ± 3.4 / 18.1 ± 7.6 / 18.0 ± 8.1 / 17.8 ± 6.2 / 15.6 ± 9.4 / 15.1 ± 5.3
Particulate organic C (µg L-1) / 78.2 ± 21.4 / 84.8 ± 28.7 / 58.8 ± 16.3 / 97.8 ± 45.4 / 81.7 ± 33.3 / 68.0 ± 26.7 / 63.5 ± 19.6 / 73.9 ± 25.9
Dissolved O2 (mg L-1) / 6.81 ± 0.37 / 6.28 ± 0.37 / 6.28 ± 0.19 / 6.00 ± 0.13 / 6.15 ± 0.20 / 6.14 ± 0.13 / 6.69 ± 0.17 / 6.57 ± 0.02
Biological O2 demand (mg O2 L-1 h-1) / 0.019 ± 0.009 / 0.013 ± 0.008 / 0.018 ± 0.006 / 0.013 ± 0.006 / 0.014 ± 0.008 / 0.017 ± 0.008 / 0.019 ± 0.002 / 0.019 ± 0.004
pH / 8.11 ± 0.05 / 8.12 ± 0.07 / 8.33 ± 0.10 / 8.35 ± 0.11 / 8.28 ± 0.03 / 8.26 ± 0.03 / 8.11 ± 0.01 / 8.11 ± 0.02
Water clarity (Secchi depth in m) / 9.8 ± 1.7 / 10.3 ± 2.4 / 12.0 ± 1.9 / 13.0 ± 1.0 / 10.2 ± 3.7 / 10.4 ± 2.9 / 10.3 ± 2.0 / 12.7 ± 3.0
Table S3 Mean environmental variables (± SD) at the exposed (exp) and sheltered (she) sites and a water depth of 10 m in Gayraca Bay for the major upwelling (December – April), minor upwelling (July - August), major non-upwelling (September - November) and minor non-upwelling (May - June) periods.
Water column Gayraca / Major upwelling / Minor upwelling / Major non-upwelling / Minor non-upwellingexposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site
Temperature (°C) / 24.9 ± 1.7 / 25.0 ± 1.7 / 27.2 ± 1.3 / 27.3 ± 1.2 / 28.8 ± 0.7 / 28.9 ± 0.7 / 27.2 ± 1.1 / 27.3 ± 1.0
Salinity / 37.1 ± 0.9 / 37.0 ± 0.9 / 35.8 ± 0.8 / 35.9 ± 0.8 / 34.9 ± 1.7 / 34.7 ± 1.9 / 35.4 ± 1.7 / 35.5 ± 1.6
Nitrate (µmol L-1) / 1.31 ± 0.95 / 1.34 ± 0.99 / 0.37 ± 0.23 / 0.34 ± 0.16 / 0.26 ± 0.19 / 0.27 ± 0.16 / 0.17 ± 0.16 / 0.37 ± 0.15
Nitrite (µmol L-1) / 0.16 ± 0.09 / 0.16 ± 0.07 / 0.06 ± 0.03 / 0.09 ± 0.05 / 0.12 ± 0.15 / 0.11 ± 0.11 / 0.08 ± 0.03 / 0.11 ± 0.06
SRP (µmol L-1) / 0.16 ± 0.13 / 0.16 ± 0.11 / 0.16 ± 0.08 / 0.22 ± 0.07 / 0.14 ± 0.09 / 0.14 ± 0.08 / 0.15 ± 0.16 / 0.14 ± 0.09
Chlorophyll a (µg L-1) / 2.25 ± 1.59 / 1.12 ± 0.77 / 0.69 ± 0.27 / 1.03 ± 0.66 / 0.82 ± 0.34 / 0.92 ± 0.67 / 0.66 ± 0.16 / 0.64 ± 0.06
Particulate N (µg L-1) / 17.1 ± 5.7 / 13.3 ± 3.9 / 16.8 ± 6.6 / 18.5 ± 7.3 / 17.1 ± 5.8 / 17.9 ± 6.4 / 13.5 ± 4.9 / 13.5 ± 5.3
Particulate organic C (µg L-1) / 73.3 ± 25.8 / 62.3 ± 24.6 / 91.3 ± 51.5 / 102.4 ± 62.4 / 71.6 ± 23.0 / 81.2 ± 31.6 / 66.2 ± 18.2 / 67.5 ± 34.4
Dissolved O2 (mg L-1) / 6.27 ± 0.45 / 6.34 ± 0.39 / 6.13 ± 0.01 / 5.75 ± 0.15 / 6.10 ± 0.20 / 5.94 ± 0.05 / 6.57 ± 0.05 / 6.34 ± 0.20
Biological O2 demand (mg O2 L-1 h-1) / 0.014 ± 0.015 / 0.017 ± 0.007 / 0.017 ± 0.007 / 0.038 ± 0.016 / 0.017 ± 0.008 / 0.016 ± 0.008 / 0.021 ± 0.004 / 0.023 ± 0.009
pH / 8.09 ± 0.10 / 8.12 ± 0.07 / 8.35 ± 0.08 / 8.34 ± 0.08 / 8.24 ± 0.07 / 8.23 ± 0.09 / 8.11 ± 0.02 / 8.09 ± 0.02
Water clarity (Secchi depth in m) / 9.3 ± 1.7 / 11.8 ± 1.9 / 11.6 ± 0.7 / 12.5 ± 2.4 / 11.6 ± 2.9 / 12.6 ± 4.0 / 12.7 ± 1.7 / 14.7 ± 1.7
Table S4 Mean environmental variables (± SD) at the exposed (exp) and sheltered (she) sites and a water depth of 10 m in Neguanje Bay for the major upwelling (December – April), minor upwelling (July - August), major non-upwelling (September - November) and minor non-upwelling (May - June) periods.
Water column Neguanje / Major upwelling / Minor upwelling / Major non-upwelling / Minor non-upwellingexposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site
Temperature (°C) / 25.1 ± 1.5 / 25.1 ± 1.7 / 27.1 ±1.1 / 27.3 ± 1.2 / 28.8 ± 0.7 / 28.9 ± 0.7 / 27.4 ± 0.9 / 27.3 ± 0.9
Salinity / 36.8 ± 0.9 / 36.9 ± 0.8 / 35.5 ± 1.0 / 35.6 ± 1.0 / 35.2 ± 1.2 / 35.1 ± 1.5 / 35.4 ± 1.8 / 35.4 ± 1.7
Nitrate (µmol L-1) / 1.20 ± 0.99 / 1.15 ± 0.79 / 0.24 ± 0.11 / 0.36 ± 0.07 / 0.33 ± 0.23 / 0.15 ± 0.09 / 0.30 ± 0.20 / 0.20 ± 0.25
Nitrite (µmol L-1) / 0.11 ± 0.06 / 0.13 ± 0.06 / 0.05 ± 0.04 / 0.06 ± 0.05 / 0.05 ± 0.03 / 0.04 ± 0.03 / 0.08 ± 0.03 / 0.06 ± 0.04
SRP (µmol L-1) / 0.17 ± 0.12 / 0.16 ± 0.09 / 0.16 ± 0.06 / 0.12 ± 0.06 / 0.10 ± 0.05 / 0.13 ± 0.12 / 0.20 ± 0.13 / 0.14 ± 0.09
Chlorophyll a (µg L-1) / 2.45 ± 3.39 / 4.82 ± 5.75 / 0.61 ± 0.20 / 0.91 ± 0.18 / 0.87 ± 0.69 / 3.50 ± 6.46 / 0.62 ± 0.22 / 0.84 ± 0.26
Particulate N (µg L-1) / 16.3 ± 6.4 / 21.6 ± 6.5 / 14.6 ± 3.5 / 16.8 ± 4.7 / 15.0 ± 5.7 / 22.5 ± 9.1 / 14.2 ± 3.9 / 16.8 ± 4.8
Particulate organic C (µg L-1) / 76.2 ± 29.0 / 103.6 ± 28.6 / 74.1 ± 19.5 / 87.9 ± 28.0 / 76.8 ± 38.9 / 102.8 ± 52.2 / 69.0 ± 16.5 / 81.4 ± 26.9
Dissolved O2 (mg L-1) / 6.60 ± 0.36 / 6.33 ± 0.30 / 6.37 ± 0.15 / 6.26 ± 0.22 / 6.24 ± 0.26 / 6.25 ± 0.18 / 6.51 ± 0.05 / 6.58 ± 0.02
Biological O2 demand (mg O2 L-1 h-1) / 0.014 ± 0.007 / 0.018 ± 0.017 / 0.017 ± 0.003 / 0.015 ± 0.004 / 0.017 ± 0.009 / 0.020 ± 0.019 / 0.014 ± 0.004 / 0.019 ± 0.007
pH / 8.14 ± 0.06 / 8.14 ± 0.06 / 8.15 ± 0.01 / 8.13 ± 0.03 / 8.19 ± 0.08 / 8.23 ± 0.08 / 8.11 ± 0.02 / 8.11 ± 0.02
Water clarity (Secchi depth in m) / 7.4 ± 2.4 / 7.9 ± 2.4 / 11.4 ± 1.8 / 12.2 ± 0.7 / 9.3 ± 3.1 / 8.9 ± 3.1 / 11.7 ± 2.5 / 12.3 ± 1.8
Table S5 Mean environmental variables (± SD) at the exposed (exp) and sheltered (she) sites and a water depth of 10 m in Cinto Bay for the major upwelling (December – April), minor upwelling (July - August), major non-upwelling (September - November) and minor non-upwelling (May - June) periods.
Water column Cinto / Major upwelling / Minor upwelling / Major non-upwelling / Minor non-upwellingexposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site / exposed site / sheltered site
Temperature (°C) / 24.8 ± 1.6 / 25.0 ± 1.7 / 27.4 ± 1.2 / 27.3 ± 1.3 / 28.9 ± 0.7 / 28.9 ± 0.7 / 27.3 ± 1.0 / 27.3 ± 1.0
Salinity / 36.6 ± 1.0 / 36.8 ± 0.8 / 35.6 ± 1.0 / 35.3 ± 0.9 / 34.9 ± 1.5 / 35.1 ± 1.4 / 35.5 ± 1.6 / 35.4 ± 1.8
Nitrate (µmol L-1) / 1.13 ± 0.85 / 1.25 ± 0.94 / 0.30 ± 0.11 / 0.28 ± 0.18 / 0.29 ± 0.25 / 0.25 ± 0.17 / 0.37 ± 0.40 / 0.62 ± 0.50
Nitrite (µmol L-1) / 0.15 ± 0.06 / 0.15 ± 0.06 / 0.06 ± 0.04 / 0.15 ± 0.32 / 0.06 ± 0.05 / 0.06 ± 0.04 / 0.12 ± 0.06 / 0.14 ± 0.06
SRP (µmol L-1) / 0.16 ± 0.10 / 0.18 ± 0.11 / 0.14 ± 0.05 / 0.19 ± 0.08 / 0.14 ± 0.09 / 0.18 ± 0.17 / 0.16 ± 0.12 / 0.16 ± 0.10
Chlorophyll a (µg L-1) / 4.20 ± 6.39 / 3.62 ± 5.27 / 0.76 ± 0.21 / 2.23 ± 2.99 / 2.84 ± 4.90 / 2.95 ± 4.89 / 2.03 ± 3.74 / 0.96 ± 0.94
Particulate N (µg L-1) / 16.7 ± 7.4 / 19.7 ± 9.4 / 16.5 ± 4.3 / 20.4 ± 7.9 / 20.4 ± 10.5 / 20.7 ± 8.0 / 16.0 ± 6.0 / 17.8 ± 9.4
Particulate organic C (µg L-1) / 79.0 ± 36.4 / 90.7 ± 37.9 / 80.3 ± 22.1 / 126.1 ± 77.8 / 92.5 ± 48.7 / 112.0 ± 49.8 / 87.5 ± 25.2 / 89.7 ± 42.6
Dissolved O2 (mg L-1) / 6.53 ± 0.37 / 6.45 ± 0.30 / 6.36 ± 0.02 / 6.41 ± 0.23 / 6.25 ± 0.16 / 6.64 ± 0.73 / 6.56 ± 0.01 / 6.52 ± 0.03
Biological O2 demand (mg O2 L-1 h-1) / 0.016 ± 0.008 / 0.019 ± 0.011 / 0.023 ± 0.004 / 0.029 ± 0.009 / 0.018 ± 0.012 / 0.036 ± 0.038 / 0.018 ± 0.004 / 0.022 ± 0.007
pH / 8.13 ± 0.06 / 8.12 ± 0.06 / 8.14 ± 0.01 / 8.13 ± 0.00 / 8.23 ± 0.08 / 8.21 ± 0.08 / 8.10 ± 0.02 / 8.11 ± 0.02
Water clarity (Secchi depth in m) / 8.0 ± 3.0 / 8.5 ± 2.4 / 10.5 ± 1.4 / 11.5 ± 0.7 / 9.3 ± 2.9 / 9.9 ± 4.0 / 10.6 ± 3.2 / 11.7 ± 3.0
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Table S6 Meteorological data on wind velocity and daily precipitation. Data was provided by the meteorological station COMARTA, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Santa Marta, Colombia. Mean ± SD, maximum (Max) and minimal (Min) seasonal values are displayed.
Wind velocity (m sec-1) / Daily precipitation (mm d-1)Seasons / Mean / Max / Min / Mean / Max / Min
Major upwelling / 1.88 ± 0.97 / 4.08 / 0.07 / 0.35 ± 2.49 / 34.04 / 0.00
Minor upwelling / 0.54 ± 0.51 / 2.88 / 0.00 / 0.68 ± 2.24 / 16.26 / 0.00
Major non-upwelling / 0.40 ± 0.36 / 2.50 / 0.00 / 3.21 ± 7.67 / 55.36 / 0.00
Minor non-upwelling / 0.53 ± 0.54 / 3.08 / 0.00 / 2.61 ± 8.95 / 62.47 / 0.00
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