Jordan Tirrell-Wysocki s1

Chapter 16

Jordan Tirrell-Wysocki

Spread-eagle

Cryptogram

Le Monde

Substitution cipher

Arc de Triomphe

Montmartre

“arabesque dome of Sacré-Coeur”

Place du Carrousel

Spread-eagle- b. To fasten, pin firmly, stretch out, etc., in the form of a spread eagle (A representation of an eagle with body, legs, and both wings displayed, esp. as the emblem of various states or rulers, or as an inn-sign.)
1887 N. & Q. 1 Oct. 278/2 Codas well as haddock and ling..may be seen spread-eagled across transverse sticks to dry. 1894 RIDER HAGGARD People of Mist xxxix, On this surface of ice they were lying spread-eagled. Oxford English Dictionary Online
© Oxford University Press 2004

http://www.bornplaydie.com/japan/travel/kanagawa/kanagawa.htm, Sept 27, 2004

Cryptogram- A piece of cryptographic writing; anything written in cipher, or in such a form or order that a key is required in order to know how to understand and put together the letters.
1880 Times 28 Dec. 10/1 In every case of decipheringwhether it be of a Cypriote inscription of a cryptogram in the agony column. 1888 I. DONNELLY (title), The Great Cryptogram: Bacon's Cipher in Shakespeare's Plays.Hence cryptogramic a., pertaining to or of the nature of a cryptogram. So also cryptogrammatic, -ical adjs.; cryptogrammic a. = CRYPTOGRAMIC a.; cryptogrammatist; cryptogrammist = CRYPTOGRAMMATIST.

Etymology of Crypto- combining form from Gr. hidden, concealed, secret. (Not so used in ancient Greek, where the sense was expressed by -, -.) Oxford English Dictionary Online
© Oxford University Press 2004

Le Monde- Founded in 1944 in a newly liberated Paris, Le Monde is one of the most respected daily newspapers in the world. It quickly developed a reputation for accuracy in its news. Its writers have the freedom to express their own views, so there is no consistent bias to the paper as a whole. http://www.lemonde.fr/web/sequence/0,2-3208,1-0,0.html

"Monde, Le."Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
26 Sept. 2004http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocId=9053331>.

http://myweblogis.free.fr/pma/archives.php?id=A2003071

Substitution ciphers These are a fairly simple form of encryption, created by replacing each letter or sometimes pair of letters with some form of symbol, i.e. another letter, a drawing, etc, which represents it. The pattern of occurrence of letters in the text is preserved, the letters are simply relabeled, making substitution ciphers easier to solve.

http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/cpsc/cryptography/holmes/dancingmen.html Here is a link to “The Adventure of the Dancing Men” by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, one of the most famous examples of solving a simple substitution cipher.

"cryptology."Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
26 Sept. 2004http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocId=25628>.

Arc de Triomphe- The full name of the arc is Arc De Triomphe De L’étoile. It is the largest triumphal arch in the world, situated in the center of Place Charles De Gaulle, formerly Place de l’Étoile, in Paris, France. It is 164 feet high and 148 feet wide. It was designed by J.F.T. Chalgrin, at the direction of Napoleon Bonaparte, who wanted it to commemorate his victories. It was begun in 1806 and finished in 1836. France’s Tomb of the Unknown Soldier lies beneath the Arc.

“Arc de Triomphe."Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
26 Sept. 2004http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocId=9001547>.

http://www.gen-o.com/france/parisinfebruary/pages/l'Arc%20de%20Triomphe.htm, Sept 26, 2004

Montmartre This quarter of Paris, France, is situated on a hill 130 meters high, with a view over the rest of the city. The name comes from the French “Mont des Martyrs,” mountain of the martyrs, because of the decapitation of Bishop St. Denis, the priest Rustique, and the archdeacon Eluethère around 250 c.e. In the late 19th century Montmartre became the city’s cultural center, a haven for artists such as Berlioz and Picasso. The quarter is described as having a free and bohemian atmosphere.

http://www.pariserve.tm.fr/English/paris/montmart.htm, Sept 27, 2004.

“arabesque dome of Sacré-Coeur” In full, the Basilisque du Sacré- Coeur (Basilica of the Sacred Heart) was begun in 1875 after the Franco-Prussian War. It is designed in the Romano-Byzantine style. From the dome, one can see for over thirty kilometers in all directions. It was completed in 1914 and consecrated in 1919 after the end of World War I. Since 1885 there has been perpetual worship in the church, day and night. The project was nationally funded but also required extra funds sent from all over France. The total cost was 40 million francs. http://www.paris.org/Monuments/Sacre.Coeur/, 27 September 2004
The dome is “arabesque” by the second definition of the Oxford English Dictionary.A. adj. 1. Arabian, Arabic. 2. esp. Arabian or Moorish in ornamental design; carved or painted in arabesque (see B2). Oxford English Dictionary Online © Oxford University Press 2004

http://www.10eren.dk/images/begivenheder00/eparis/SACRE-COEUR-03.jpg, Sept. 27, 2004

Place du Carrousel An area of Paris, France, best known for the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, another of the arches erected by Napoleon I between 1806 and 1808 to commemorate his victories. Found near the Louvre.

http://www.accommodationparis.com/duplex_louvre.php

View from the west, with the Louvre visible in the background.

http://www.paris.org/Monuments/Carrousel/ Monday, 27 September 2004

Place du Carrousel was also the subject of a painting by Camille Pissarro.

Camille Pissarro Place du Carrousel, Paris, 1900 Ailsa Mellon Bruce Collection
1970.17.55