Chapter 15
How did Lincoln’s 10% plan differ from the Radicals’ Wade-Davis Bill concerning the number of white males taking the oath of allegiance? Lincoln’s 10% plan required 10% of white males taking the oath of allegiance, and the Radicals’ Wade-Davis Bill required a majority of all adult white males.
What is suffrage?The right to vote
How did Johnson test the Tenure of Office Act? How did the Radicals respond to his action?
Johnson tested the Act by dismissing the secretary of war.
Stanton responded by locking himself in his office. The president’s action delighted the Radicals because it gave them an opportunity to get rid of the obstructive Johnson
Why did 7 Republican senators vote for President Johnson’s acquittal at his impeachment?
They risked their political careers to follow their consciences and voted for the acquittal
What were the 3 important provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment?
- It granted blacks full citizenship in both the U.S. and the states they lived in
- It applied to the states the Constitution’s provision that the federal government may not deprive any person “of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”.
- It prohibited all former Confederate leaders from holding any office until first approved by a 2/3 majority of the House and Senate
What requirements did the Military Reconstruction Act set down for the states in order for them to be reconstructed and restored to full status?
- It divided the remaining 10 former states of the Confederacy into 4 military districts
- Each state had to write a new constitution providing universal male suffrage regardless of color and to pass the 14th Amendment
- Passage of the 15th Amendment
What is the difference between a “carpetbagger” and a “scalawag”?
Carpterbagger – Northern Radical who moved to the South Scalawag – Southern Radical
What was the most notorious extremist vigilante group in the South during Reconstruction?
Ku Klux Klan
What system of farming was the South’s main economic response to the devastation caused by the Civil War? Sharecropping
List at least 3 major scandals of the Grant administration:
- the Credit Mobilier Scandal
- James Fisk and Jay Gould tried to gain control of the gold market
- William Belknap (Grant’s personal friend) was accused of receiving $24,000 in bribes
- Whiskey Ring5. Tammany Hall
Who was the leader of the corrupt city government of New York during the Reconstruction era? What was his political party? William “Boss” Tweed, Democratic (Tammany Hall)
What were the 3 main campaign themes of the Democrats in 1876?
1. Southern Reconstruction2. Republican Corruption 3. Economic hard times
What did the Southern Democrats promise in the Compromise of 1877? What did the Republicans promise? Southern Democrats promised to help Hayes by allowing the electoral votes to be counted. Hayes, in turn, would remove the last federal troops from the South.
What was the effect of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Southern voting as a whole region?
The South became known as “the Solid South” for the Democratic Party (voted only Democrat)
Andrew Johnson – president after Lincoln; had the task of “binding up the nation’s wounds”.
Reconstruction –period from 1865-1877; the national governments attempts to rebuild the South after the war
10% Plan – Lincoln’s plan for restoring the South by getting 10% of white males to take oath of allegiance
Wade-Davis Bill – required a majority of all adult white males to take the oath of allegiance
Tenure of Office Act – forbade the president from dismissing cabinet members without the approval of the Senate
Impeachment – indictment by the House of Representatives
13th Amendment – abolition of slavery
14th Amendment – guarantee of citizen rights
15th Amendment – guarantee of voting rights
Military Reconstruction Act - It divided the remaining 10 former states of the Confederacy into 4 military districts, and each state had to write a new constitution providing universal male suffrage regardless of color and to pass the 14th and 15th Amendments
Freedman’s Bureau – an important agency during Southern Reconstruction, it provided help to newly freed slaves
Black Codes – attempts to regulate the conduct of the former slaves, often in an unfair manner
Carpetbaggers – Northern Radicals
Scalawags – Southern Radicals
Disfranchisement – denial of the right to vote
Ku Klux Klan – the most notorious extremist group in the South during Reconstruction
Sharecropping – system of farming that was the South’s main economic response to the Civil War’s devastation
Redeemers – men who led the fight for white majority rule
Ulysses S. Grant – Republican, president after Andrew Johnson
“Grantism” – became a synonym for political corruption because of scandals during Grant’s administration
Credit Mobilier Scandal – the railroad construction company padded construction expenses and then paid the excesses to the stockholders, and several prominent Republicans receivers shares of the stock
Whiskey Ring – this group of whiskey distillers and distributors and federal tax collectors conspired to cheat the government out of millions of dollars in revenue from excise taxes
Tammany Hall – a political organization founded after the Revolution that soon grew in influence until it controlled most of New York’s political affairs during the last half of the 19th century.
William “Boss” Tweed – the leader of Tammany Hall during the Reconstruction era, he was democratic
Thomas Nast – the German cartoonist who helped bring down Boss Tweed, and he also contributed to the imagery of American life: he created the Republican symbol – the elephant and popularized the donkey for the Democrats
Liberal Republicans – a splinter group that decided to oppose Grant’s re-election in 1872
Horace Greeley – elected by the Liberal Republicans to run against Grant but got crushed in the election
Panic of ’73 – a financial collapse when prosperity came to a devastating halt during Grant’s second term
Greenbacks – paper money printed at the beginning of the Civil War, they were called greenbacks because they were printed in green ink
Rutherford B. Hayes – president after Grant, Hayes had served as Union general in the Civil War
Samuel J. Tilden – nominated by the Democrats to run against Hayes, was beaten by Hayes
Compromise of 1877 – Southern Democrats promised to help Hayes by allowing the electoral votes to be counted. Hayes, in turn, would remove the last federal troops from the South.
The Solid South – voted only for the Democratic party, became bitterly opposed to Republicans because of the Civil War and Radical Reconstruction
Reconstruction
Lincoln’s Plan – viewed Southerners as rebellious members of the Union, decided to appoint military governors, believed Reconstruction was up to the president, and wanted to grant presidential pardons.
Johnson’s Plan – decided to appoint military governors, believed Reconstruction was up to the president, and wanted a 10% plan with stricter qualifications
Radical Republicans’ Plan – decided to appoint military governors, demanded the abolition of slavery, denied suffrage and political office to former Confederate leaders, promoted the Wade-Davis Bill, view the South as conquered enemies, and wanted majority of Southern males to take an oath of allegiance.