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Supplementary for Shankar et al JOSSE
Non-enzymatic glucose sensing at Ruthenium dioxide-Poly(vinyl chloride)-Nafion composite electrode
J. Shankara Narayanan, C. Anjalidevi, V. Dharuman*
Molecular Electronics Lab
Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi -630 003, India
E-mail:
Phone : +91 4565 226385; Fax: Phone : +91 4565 225202
Fig. S1. Effect of Nafion coating on the voltammetric behaviour of Pt-Nafion, Pt-PVC and Pt-PVC-Nafion film electrodes in the absence and presence of 1 mM glucose monitored by CV at a scan rate 50 mVs-1 in 1M NaOH.
Fig.S2. Plot of log(current) versus log [glucose] for the RuO2-PVC-Nafion film electrode in 1M NaOH.
Fig.S3A (A) Calibration curve made in 1M NaOH for glucose sensing at RuO2-PVC-Nafion composites where RuO2 sample were prepared at different annealing temperatures. Curve a : 300 ºC. Curve b: 500 ºC. Curve c: 700 ºC
(B) Line-Weaver Burke plot for data in Fig.S3A(A)
Fig.S3B (A) Calibration curve made in 1M NaOH for glucose sensing at RuO2-PVC-Nafion composites where RuO2 sample were prepared at different annealing temperatures. Curve a : 300 ºC. Curve b: 500 ºC. Curve c: 700 ºC
(B) Line-Weaver Burke plot for data in Fig.S3B(A)
Fig. S4. FTIR data for RuO2 samples prepared at different annealing temperatures. Curve a: 300 ºC. Curve b: 500 ºC. Curve c: 700 ºC
Fig. S5. XRD data for RuO2 samples prepared at different annealing temperatures. Curve a: 300 ºC. Curve b: 500 ºC. Curve c: 700 ºC
Figure S6. A-C are the SEM images of RuO2-PVC composites prepared using 300, 500 and 700 ºC temperature annealed RuO2 samples. D-E are the RuO2-PVC coated with 1% Nafion by drop casting method onto the RuO2-PVC composites. The RuO2-PVC film become smoother following the Nafion coating.
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Table S1. Impedance parameters of RuO2-PVC, RuO2-Nafion and RuO2-PVC-Nafion film electrode in 1 M NaOH measured inthe absence of glucose in the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 Hz. The equivalent circuit used is Rs[(CR)(CR)]W.
Impedanceparameters / 300 0C / 500 0C / 700 0C
RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion / RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion / RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion
Rs / ohm / 272.7 / 272.5 / 290.7 / 245.3 / 259.1 / 269.3 / 241.91 / 240.7 / 265
C1 / Fcm-2 / 0.0007301 / 0.00158 / 0.0001058 / 2.739 × 10-5 / 4.537 ×10-5 / 0.0001059 / 1.913 ×10-6 / 8.787 ×10-5 / 5.767×10-5
R1 / cm-2 / 442.4 / 152 / 13.12 / 444.5 / 254.8 / 6208 / 4.381×105 / 160.4 / 2.613×104
C2 / F cm-2 / 1.061×10-5 / 9.069×10-6 / 2.504×10-6 / 1.628×10-5 / 2.427×10-5 / 2.692×10-5 / 2.100×10-5 / 2.169×10-5 / 0.0006112
R2 / cm-2 / 53 / 23.67 / 19.42 / 6.218×104 / 6.573×104 / 5.846 / 190.3 / 7.786×104 / 60.35
W/ cm s-1 / 0.0003374 / 0.0007313 / 0.001232 / 0.0001845 / 0.0001531 / 0.0006313 / 0.0001091 / 0.0001552 / 0.0001848
Impedance
Parameters / 300 0C / 500 0C / 700 0C
RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion / RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion / RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion
Rs / cm-2 / 101.2 / 97.29 / 97.29 / 53.03 / 48.42 / 49.22 / 48.41 / 48.42 / 49.02
C1 / F cm-2 / 9.775×10-6 / 360.8 / 360.8 / 0.0001093 / 0.0001193 / 0.000119 / 9.621×10-5 / 7.773×10-5 / 2.255×10-5
R1 / cm-2 / 2712 / 0.01005 / 0.01005 / 202.4 / 203.7 / 199.4 / 341 / 389.4 / 6910
C2 / F cm-2 / 2.973×10-6 / 2.534×10-6 / 2.534×10-6 / 3.306×10-5 / 3.293×10-5 / 3.416×10-5 / 1.761×10-5 / 1.843×10-5 / 5.948×10-5
R2 / cm-2 / 1.839×105 / 3.406×105 / 3.406×105 / 4.067×104 / 3.392×104 / 3.396×104 / 1.081×105 / 2.827×104 / 356.9
W / cm s-1 / 0.0004007 / 0.0003199 / 0.0003199 / 0.001011 / 0.0009754 / 0.0009458 / 0.0005034 / 0.0004833 / 0.0004844
Table S2. Impedance parameters of RuO2-PVC, RuO2-Nafion and RuO2-PVC-Nafion film electrode in 1 M NaOH measured in the presence of 1 mM of glucose in the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 Hz. The equivalent circuit used is Rs[(CR)(CR)]W.
Table S3. Impedance parameters of RuO2-PVC, RuO2-Nafion and RuO2-PVC-Nafion film electrode in 0.1 M PBS 7.4 measured in the absence of glucose in the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 Hz. The equivalent circuit used is Rs[(CR)(CR)]W.
Impedanceparameters / 300 0C / 500 0C / 700 0C
RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion / RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion / RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion
Rs / ohm / 85.31 / 86.33 / 85.9 / 2.397×10-6 / 83.33 / 79.38 / 98.49 / 99.32 / 99.14
C1 / Fcm-2 / 5.038×10-5 / 5.292×10-5 / 2.502×10-5 / 0.02018 / 7.233×10-6 / 6.138×10-6 / 8.587×10-5 / 7.55×10-5 / 4.834×10-5
R1 / cm-2 / 2.253×104 / 2.408×104 / 115.3 / 2.984×10-5 / 1317 / 2986 / 477.2 / 516.5 / 672.2
C2 / F cm-2 / 2.744×10-5 / 2.925×10-5 / 4.755×10-5 / 2.574×107 / 3.632×10-6 / 3.499×10-6 / 1.565×10-5 / 1.534×10-5 / 1.561×10-5
R2 / cm-2 / 112.4 / 79.06 / 1.868×104 / 1.684×106 / 2.101×105 / 1.373×1010 / 6.367×104 / 6.354×104 / 2.24×104
W/ cm s-1 / 0.0001335 / 0.000147 / 0.000135 / 2.062×10-5 / 0.0001287 / 0.0001164 / 0.0004051 / 0.0003708 / 0.0003379
Table S4. Impedance parameters of RuO2-PVC, RuO2-Nafion and RuO2-PVC-Nafion film electrode in 0.1 M PBS 7.4 measured in the presence of 1mM glucose in the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 Hz. The equivalent circuit used is Rs[(CR)(CR)]W.
Impedanceparameters / 300 0C / 500 0C / 700 0C
RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion / RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion / RuO2-Nafion / RuO2+PVC / RuO2+PVC+
Nafion
Rs / ohm / 85.68 / 87.56 / 86.12 / 77.24 / 81.5 / 87.63 / 101.4 / 99.15 / 99.52
C1 / Fcm-2 / 5.393×10-5 / 7.328×10-5 / 6.595×10-5 / 4.245×10-6 / 5.86×10-6 / 3.767×10-6 / 5.984×10-5 / 4.834×10-5 / 1.531×10-5
R1 / cm-2 / 1.907×104 / 3555 / 3510 / 7.21×1015 / 1803 / 1.077×104 / 614.8 / 666 / 1.743×104
C2 / F cm-2 / 2.689×10-5 / 2.387×10-5 / 2.265×10-5 / 7.588×10-6 / 3.874×10-6 / 5.494×10-6 / 1.517×10-5 / 1.558×10-5 / 4.45×10-5
R2 / cm-2 / 105.7 / 79.51 / 101 / 2638 / 6.627×104 / 771.1 / 3.866×104 / 2.239×104 / 657.2
W/ cm s-1 / 0.0001332 / 0.0001402 / 0.0001317 / 0.0001144 / 0.00012 / 0.0001208 / 0.0003667 / 0.0003387 / 0.0003291