Phylum / Annelida / Mollusca / Echinodermata / Arthropoda
Class / Oligochaeta / Bivalvia / Asteroidea / Crustacea
Backbone ?
Blastula? / Invertebrate protostomes / Invertebrate protostomes / Invertebrate DEUTEROSTOMES / Invertebrate
protosomes
Coelom / Eucoelom / Eucoelom / Eucoelom / Eucoelom
Digestive
system / Pharynx, crop, Gizzard, Intestine w/TYPHLOSOLE
absorbs nutrients & removes digestive waste / Stomach; digestive gland-makes BILE & absorbs nutrients; intestine removes digestive waste / Pyloric & cardiac stomach; digestive gland makes BILE & absorbs nutrients; NO intestine / Pyloric & cardiac stomach w/ GASTRIC MILL; digestive gland makes BILE & absorbs nutrients; intestine absorbs nutrients/ removes digestive waste
Respiratory
system / Exchange gases through moist skin / Gills exchange gases / Skin gills & surface of tube feet exchange gases / Gills exchange gases
Circulatory
system / CLOSED; Dorsal aortic arches pump blood in vessels / OPEN; Dorsal Heart w/pericardial cavity; hemolymph circulates in coelom/tissues / OPEN; no heart;
Hemolymph circulates in coelom/tissues / OPEN; Dorsal heart w/ OSTIA; Arteries LEAVE heart but NO veins to RETURN;
Hemolymph circulates in coelom/tissues
Excretory
system / Nephridia remove urea through pores in skin / Kidney empties urea into mantle cavity / NO excretory organs; Nitrogen waste leaves through skin gills & surface of tube feet / GREEN GLAND removes AMMONIA & excess water through pores near antennae; Gills help remove ammonia
Reproductive
system / Hermaphrodites trade with partner;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization;
Direct development / 2 sexes;
Sexual reproduction
Internal OR external fertilization (depends on where live); INDIRECT development w/ TROCHOPHORE larva / 2 sexes; ASEXUAL & Sexual reproduction
External fertilization; INDIRECT development w/ BIPINNARIA larva / 2 sexes;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization; INDIRECT development w/ NAUPLIUS larva; eggs/larva carried on swimmerets
Nervous system / CEPHALIZATION;
1 pair cerebral ganglia; Ventral nerve cord; multiple ganglia along body / NO CEPHALIZATION
Ventral; 3 pair ganglia; 2 pair nerve cords / NO CEPHALIZATION
Multiple ganglia connect nerve ring w/ radial nerves in arms; / CEPHALIZATION;
1 pair Cerebral ganglia; Ventral nerve cord; multiple ganglia along body
Skeletal/
muscular / No bones; Fluid in
coelom acts as hydrostatic skeleton; Circular/longitudinal muscles in skin move worm / No bones; Protective shell w/ calcium carbonate secreted by mantle; Adductor muscles open/close shell; Muscles in foot move clam / ENDOSKELETON made of calcium carbonate OSSICLES; Water vascular system moves tube feet / EXOSKELETON of proteins, lipids, chitin, calcium carbonate;
Muscles move body & appendages
OTHER / Segmented body; Clitellum makes mucous for reproduction;
young hatch from cocoons;
Can regenerate tail/not whole animal / Only mollusks W/O a radula; filter feeders; adults SESSILE; Siphons move water in/out of mantle cavity; / All are MARINE; REGENERATION of parts or whole animal; Only animals w/ water vascular system, tube feet, & ossicles / Segmented body; Jointed appendages; Can REGENERATE lost appendages/not whole animal; MOLTING replaces exoskeleton; ENDOCRINE system controls molting, heart rate, sexual development
INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL COMPARISONS
Earthworm / Clam / Starfish / CrayfishPhylum / Annelida / Mollusca / Echinodermata / Arthropoda
Class / Oligochaeta / Bivalvia / Asteroidea / Crustacea
Backbone ?
Blastula? / Invertebrate protostomes / Invertebrate protostomes / Invertebrate DEUTEROSTOMES / Invertebrate
protosomes
Coelom / Eucoelom / Eucoelom / Eucoelom / Eucoelom
Digestive
system / Pharynx, crop, Gizzard, Intestine w/TYPHLOSOLE
absorbs nutrients & removes digestive waste / Stomach; digestive gland-makes BILE & absorbs nutrients; intestine removes digestive waste / Pyloric & cardiac stomach; digestive gland makes BILE & absorbs nutrients; NO intestine / Pyloric & cardiac stomach w/ GASTRIC MILL; digestive gland makes BILE & absorbs nutrients; intestine absorbs nutrients/ removes digestive waste
Respiratory
system / Exchange gases through moist skin / Gills exchange gases / Skin gills & surface of tube feet exchange gases / Gills exchange gases
Circulatory
system / CLOSED; Dorsal aortic arches pump blood in vessels / OPEN; Dorsal Heart w/pericardial cavity; hemolymph circulates in coelom/tissues / OPEN; no heart;
Hemolymph circulates in coelom/tissues / OPEN; Dorsal heart w/ OSTIA; Arteries LEAVE heart but NO veins to RETURN;
Hemolymph circulates in coelom/tissues
Excretory
system / Nephridia remove urea through pores in skin / Kidney empties urea into mantle cavity / NO excretory organs; Nitrogen waste leaves through skin gills & surface of tube feet / GREEN GLAND removes AMMONIA & excess water through pores near antennae; Gills help remove ammonia
Reproductive
system / Hermaphrodites trade with partner;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization;
Direct development / 2 sexes;
Sexual reproduction
Internal OR external fertilization (depends on where live); INDIRECT development w/ TROCHOPHORE larva / 2 sexes; ASEXUAL & Sexual reproduction
External fertilization; INDIRECT development w/ BIPINNARIA larva / 2 sexes;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization; INDIRECT development w/ NAUPLIUS larva; eggs/larva carried on swimmerets
Nervous system / CEPHALIZATION;
1 pair cerebral ganglia; Ventral nerve cord; multiple ganglia along body / NO CEPHALIZATION
Ventral; 3 pair ganglia; 2 pair nerve cords / NO CEPHALIZATION
Multiple ganglia connect nerve ring w/ radial nerves in arms; / CEPHALIZATION;
1 pair Cerebral ganglia; Ventral nerve cord; multiple ganglia along body
Skeletal/
muscular / No bones; Fluid in
coelom acts as hydrostatic skeleton; Circular/longitudinal muscles in skin move worm / No bones; Protective shell w/ calcium carbonate secreted by mantle; Adductor muscles open/close shell; Muscles in foot move clam / ENDOSKELETON made of calcium carbonate OSSICLES; Water vascular system moves tube feet / EXOSKELETON of proteins, lipids, chitin, calcium carbonate;
Muscles move body & appendages
OTHER / Segmented body; Clitellum makes mucous for reproduction;
young hatch from cocoons;
Can regenerate tail/not whole animal / Only mollusks W/O a radula; filter feeders; adults SESSILE; Siphons move water in/out of mantle cavity; / All are MARINE; REGENERATION of parts or whole animal; Only animals w/ water vascular system, tube feet, & ossicles / Segmented body; Jointed appendages; Can REGENERATE lost appendages/not whole animal; MOLTING replaces exoskeleton; ENDOCRINE system controls molting, heart rate, sexual development
VERTEBRATE ANIMAL COMPARISONS
FishPhylum / Chordata
Subphylym / Vertebrata
Class / Osteichthyes
Backbone ?
Blastula? / Vertebrate
deuterostomes
Coelom / Eucoelom
Digestive
system / Pharynx, esophagus, Stomach (pyloric/cardiac), pyloric caeca contain bacteria to digest plants, Intestine, w/ VILLI
absorbs nutrients & removes digestive waste;
LIVER makes bile; stores vitamins & glycogen, processes toxins for kidneys;
Pancreas makes trypsin; GALL BLADDER stores bile;
Respiratory
system / Exchange gases through GILLS
Circulatory
system / CLOSED; 2 chamber (1Atrium: 1 Ventricle),
1 loop system; conus arteriosus & sinus venosus;
SPLEEN-blood cell factory;
Heart carries ONLY LOW oxygen blood
Excretory
system / Gills remove ammonia/osmoregulation; Kidneys excrete, urinary bladder stores, exits via urogenital pore
Reproductive
system / Separate sexes;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization;
Direct development
Share urogential pore with excretory system; eggs lack shells and multicellular membranes
Nervous system / CEPHALIZATION;
Dorsal nerve cord surrounded by vertebrae;
CRANIUM protects brain; Multi lobed brain;
Olfactory, cerebrum, optic tectum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
Skeletal/
muscular / Endoskeleton made of bones; muscles move body
Endocrine / PANCREAS-regulates blood sugar (insulin/glucagon)