Introduction to Sexuality

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Sexuality

TRUE/FALSE

1.Surveys show that 98% of parents feel that they communicated openly about sex with their children and 90% of teens agreed that these open discussions took place.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

2.Defining sexual normality using clinical normality standards is completely subjective because clinical standards are always constant.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

3.Sexuality is purely “biological” in nature.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary ApproachMSC:WWW

4.According to sociobiologists, women are more likely to choose younger more attractive males as potential mates.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

5.An Oedipal complex is the idea that men unconsciously want to eliminate or replace their fathers and have sex with their mothers.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

6.Behavioral psychologists believe that only behaviors can be measured and evaluated, not emotions or feelings.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

7.For most of human history, it has been an accepted fact that males contribute to the reproduction of offspring.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

8.During the middle ages, Christianity took a particularly dark view of any sexual activity not related to procreation and many restrictive rules regarding sex emerged, such as no sex allowed during daylight.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

9.Age of consent laws, although different from country to country, are the same throughout the U.S..

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

10.According to Eric Widmer and colleagues, the United States is one of the more sexually repressive Western societies.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary ApproachMSC:WWW

11.Although it is important for parents to listen to what their children have to say about the topic of sex, parents should consistently voice judgments about what their children say to make the discussion most effective.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:Sexual Education

12.Section 510 of the abstinence-only education initiative teaches that marital monogamy is the expected standard of human sexuality.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:Sexual Education

13.Sexual education is less important for people who are already sexually active and more important for those not yet sexually active.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:ConceptualREF:Sexual Education

14.The U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Reform reported that eleven of the thirteen commonly used comprehensive sexual education (CSE) curricula under review contained false, misleading, or distorted information about contraception, abortion, or reproductive health.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:Sexual Education

15.Texas, which spent more on abstinence-only education (AOE) than any other state, had more sexually active students than other states, and one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in the U.S..

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:FactualREF:Sexual Education

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Since sexuality and sexual health have such a momentous impact on our lives and our loves, ____ communication about sexuality is vital.

a. / guarded and private / c. / restricted and precise
b. / scientifically accurate / d. / open and honest

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

2.Each day, there are ____ acts of sexual intercourse.

a. / 1 million / c. / 100 million
b. / 10 million / d. / 1 billion

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

3.Sexuality is expressed ____.

a. / globally and in a universal manner by everyone
b. / by a select few but in a universal manner by those who express it
c. / globally but everyone expresses it in different ways
d. / by a select few and in different ways by those who express it

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

4.Eileen and Kevin are first time expectant parents who have decided to wait until the birth of their child to find out the gender. When the momentous occasion finally arrives and the baby is born, an exhausted Eileen, without any hesitation, immediately asks the doctor “Is it a boy or a girl?” Our eagerness to know the gender of babies as soon as they are born supports the notion that ____.

a. / it is important to know the gender for appropriate postnatal care of the baby
b. / sexuality underlies our most basic identities
c. / the gender of the baby may influence whether the parents want to give the baby up for adoption
d. / the trend for waiting until the birth of the baby to reveal the gender is on the rise despite the high accuracy of today’s ultrasounds

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Applied

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

5.The fact that many people do not openly discuss problems related to the reproductive system versus other organ systems, like the circulatory system, suggests that the reproductive system ____.

a. / is biologically more complex
b. / is not as important as other organ systems
c. / elicits strong emotions
d. / is more resistant to disease

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

6.Approximately ____ men and women are infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) each year in the United States.

a. / one million / c. / nineteen million
b. / nine million / d. / twenty-nine million

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality

7.According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, teens aged thirteen to fifteen report that most of their information about sexuality comes from ____.

a. / parents / c. / school
b. / friends / d. / entertainment media

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?MSC:WWW

8.What is one possible explanation for why the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for American teens are higher than for teens of other developed countries?

a. / American teens are more irresponsible in general.
b. / Adolescents in other countries have greater access to reproductive health services.
c. / American teens have significantly more sex than teens in other countries.
d. / American teens become sexually active at a significantly earlier age.

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

9.Historically, some religious authorities often mandated sexual norms by declaring sexual intercourse to be normal if performed only for the purpose of ____.

a. / procreation
b. / enjoyment
c. / creating an emotional bond between a man and a woman, married or not
d. / ensuring male dominance in society

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality

10.Humans experience a wide variety of sexual expression, ____.

a. / yet in reality no sexual behavior is considered “normal”
b. / yet in reality only a few sexual behaviors are considered “normal”
c. / and consistent with this a wide range of sexual behaviors are considered “normal”
d. / and consistent with this all types of sexual behaviors are considered “normal”

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

11.Megan’s favorite activities are jogging and working out at the gym. Therefore, Megan can’t understand why so many Americans are resistant to exercising since according to Megan, it is normal for people to enjoy exercising. Megan’s mind set is an example of ____ normality.

a. / cultural / c. / subjective
b. / statistical / d. / idealistic

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Applied

REF:Why a Course on Human Sexuality?

12.The word “sex” is derived from the Latin word secare, which means “____.”

a. / to unite / c. / to conquer
b. / to engage / d. / to divide

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

13.The fact that achieving an orgasm is dependent on several factors, such as biological, cultural, emotional, and health status, best reflects the fact that sexuality is influenced by ____.

a. / nature and nurture working together / c. / nature only
b. / nature and nurture working separately / d. / nurture only

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

14.Charlene has been selected by the local school board to head a task committee in charge of creating a sexual education curriculum for a new charter school. One of the first things that Charlene does is to find experts in several fields, including biology, psychology, law, religion, culture, and history, to help prepare the curriculum. The fact that Charlene is recruiting experts from such diverse fields suggests that it is important to ____.

a. / gain the political support of as many groups as possible in order to secure funding
b. / please all faculty members so that they will be supportive of sexual education
c. / investigate several branches of knowledge to understand which has the most influence on sexuality
d. / consider many different branches of knowledge to fully understand sexuality

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Applied

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multi-disciplinary Approach

MSC:WWW

15.The largest organ to influence sexual behavior is ____.

a. / male or female external genitalia / c. / the heart
b. / the liver / d. / the brain

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

16.The term “opposites attract” best reflects the concept that ____.

a. / sexual reproduction is a driving force for genetic similarity
b. / asexual reproduction is a driving force for genetic similarity
c. / sexual reproduction is a driving force for genetic variability
d. / asexual reproduction is a driving force for genetic variability

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

17.Sociobiology is the study of how ____ forces affect our behavior.

a. / personal / c. / cultural
b. / familial / d. / evolutionary

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary ApproachMSC:WWW

18.According to sociobiologists, it is most adaptive for women to be highly ____ when choosing a mate.

a. / submissive / c. / selective
b. / promiscuous / d. / spontaneous

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

19.Biological aspects of sexuality include anatomy and physiology, hormones, and ____.

a. / emotions / c. / the lymphatic system
b. / genetics / d. / spirituality

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

20.____ describes when better-adapted members are more likely to survive to reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation.

a. / Penetrating genetic forces / c. / Natural selection
b. / Pervasive reproduction / d. / Adaptive dominance

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

21.The term “sperm are cheap” best describes which sociobiological theory?

a. / A promiscuous man more readily passes on his genes by depositing sperm in many women and staying with those women to ensure the survival of his offspring.
b. / A selective man more readily passes on his genes by depositing sperm in a single female and not staying around to ensure the survival of his offspring.
c. / A promiscuous man more readily passes on his genes by depositing sperm in many women but not staying around to ensure the survival of his offspring.
d. / A selective man more readily passes on his genes by depositing sperm in a single female and staying with that woman to ensure the survival of his offspring.

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

22.Four-year old Sarah pretends she is a princess and says that she will someday marry her “daddy,” whom she calls her prince. According to Freud’s psychoanalytical theory, Sarah is displaying signs of an ____.

a. / Electra complex / c. / Id complex
b. / Oedipus complex / d. / Ego complex

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Applied

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

23.Jane has had a crush on a boy named Mike for several months. She finally gets up the courage to ask Mike out on a date. When Mike turns Jane down, she is hurt and embarrassed. Jane decides she will never ask anyone out on a date again. Jane’s hesitation to repeat her behavior is an example of ____.

a. / destructive fulfillment / c. / self-fulfilling prophecy
b. / avoidance preconditioning / d. / operant conditioning

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Applied

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

24.The goal of behavior modification is to change ____ behaviors.

a. / subjective / c. / fear-based
b. / risky / d. / maladaptive

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

25.Candace observes her older brother Charlie interact with the neighborhood kids and notices that Charlie receives a lot of positive attention from others when he acts goofy and attempts risky tricks on his skateboard. Candace herself begins to act silly with her friends and shows off with risky gymnastic routines. Candace’s actions are consistent with ____ learning theory.

a. / collective / c. / dependent
b. / social / d. / cognitive

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Applied

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary ApproachMSC:WWW

26.Attitudes about sex and sexuality throughout history have taught us that ____.

a. / sexual behavior is concretely viewed by society
b. / women have and always will be expected to be asexual
c. / norms for sexual behavior are always in flux
d. / all religious denominations approve of sexual intercourse only for procreative purposes

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

27.Raymond is assigned a book to read for his history course in college. Raymond is shocked to read the depiction of normal family life in this book in which the father of the family has an open affair with his young male apprentice and this is accepted by the father’s family. The historical era in which this book most likely occurs is the ____.

a. / Ancient Greece (1000 BC – 300 BC) / c. / Protestant Reformation (1483 – 1546)
b. / Middle Ages (476 – 1450) / d. / Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Applied

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

28.During the Victorian Era, sexuality became ____ as never before.

a. / greatly accepted for everyone / c. / the cause for disease
b. / a target of disapproval / d. / celebrated for married couples

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

29.During the twentieth century, the separation of church and state and the rise of ____ reduced the power of the Church over sexual mores.

a. / scientific thought / c. / liberal politics
b. / tolerance for all religions / d. / sexual education in public schools

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

30.Sex is more complex for humans than for animals because of religion and ____.

a. / technology / c. / education
b. / morality / d. / diversity

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

31.In general, Judaism considers marital sex ____.

a. / “tolerated by God” / c. / “in honor of God”
b. / “blessed by God” / d. / “in defiance of God”

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

32.The traditional Catholic view that sex is only permissible for the purposes of procreation for husband and wife has roots in which religious philosophy, as introduced by St. Paul and St. Augustine?

a. / The flesh is a portal for the devil. / c. / The spirit and the flesh are united.
b. / The spirit is a portal for the devil. / d. / The spirit is separate from the flesh.

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

33.The prophet Mohammed decreed that the only road to virtue is ____.

a. / monogamy / c. / polygamy
b. / marriage / d. / celibacy

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

34.Taoists believe that by not ejaculating, a man can retain and redirect sexual energy (ching) through higher regions of the heart and brain. This is reflective of the fact that Taoists believe that sex is ____.

a. / unnecessary for spiritual well being and other organ systems are more deserving of sexual energy
b. / unnecessary and contributes to poor mental health
c. / necessary for physical, mental, and spiritual well being
d. / a necessary evil only important for producing offspring

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

35.____ is a rigorous spiritual discipline practiced in Hinduism and a vast field of study, not merely a sexual practice as often thought by Westerners.

a. / Tantra / c. / Tengism
b. / Mantra / d. / Zen

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

36.The ____ is an ancient Indian text, made up of poetry, prose, and illustrations, which contains practical advice for sexual pleasure, love, and marriage.

a. / Kama Sutra / c. / Satapatha Brahmana
b. / Devi Gita / d. / Sama-Veda

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

37.When studying the subject of sexuality, it is important to ____ one’s personal values.

a. / abandon / c. / question
b. / strongly adhere to / d. / change

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary ApproachMSC:WWW

38.David and his mother go back-to-school shopping and David picks out a pink winter jacket from the girl’s clothing department. David’s mother is worried that her son will get picked on at school because his choice of jacket goes against a(n) ____.

a. / folkway / c. / instinct
b. / bias / d. / mores

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Applied

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

39.____ are a good reflection of a society’s values and expectations.

a. / Private sector investments / c. / Public work projects
b. / Sexual identities / d. / Laws

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

40.____ refers to a group of people that share cultural aspects such as language, dress, and norms of behavior.

a. / Network / c. / Cluster
b. / Society / d. / Government

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

41.With respect to different cultures, the phrase “beauty is in the eye of the beholder” best reflects the concept that “beauty” norms ____.

a. / vary from culture to culture
b. / are largely dictated by eye color within a culture
c. / are completely random within a culture
d. / are constant from culture to culture

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Conceptual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary ApproachMSC:WWW

42.Which region of the world listed below is considered to be the most sexually repressed?

a. / Cook Islands / c. / USA
b. / West Germany / d. / Inis Beag

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Factual

REF:Perspectives of Sexuality: A Multidisciplinary Approach

43.Judith, a college student who is a lesbian, feels completely comfortable holding her girlfriend Audrina’s hand in public within the confides of her college town. When Audrina visits Judith’s hometown in a different region of the U.S. Judith feels uneasy and explains to Audrina that when they are out in public it is best not display any signs of affection. This scenario best illustrates the fact that in the U.S. the acceptability of different sexual behaviors ____.