Introduction[Heading 1, bold letters 12pt, Times left aligned and numbered]
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All abstracts must be in English. These guidelines include complete descriptions of the fonts, spacing, and related information for producing your abstract. The main body of the abstracts should at least consist of sections “Introduction”, “Background”, “Main text and Methodology”, “Results” and “Conclusion”. The body text is 10pt Times with single spacing and full width alignment. Paragraphs are separated by single spacing … for more
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Background
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Type background text in 10-point Times, single-spaced This section should be the shortest part of the abstract and should very briefly outline; What is already known about the subject, related to the paper in question and What is not known about the subject and hence what the study intended to examine (or what the paper seeks to present). In most cases, the background can be framed in just 2–3 sentences, with each sentence … for more
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Main text and Methodology
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Type your main text in 10-point Times, single-spaced. Do not use double-spacing. All paragraphs should not be indented. Be sure your text is fully justified—that is, flush left and flush right. Please do not place any additional blank lines between paragraphs. The methods section is usually the second-longest section in the abstract. It should contain enough information to enable the reader to understand what was done, and how.In this section important questions to which the methods section should provide brief answers.
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Results
The results section is the most important part of the abstract and nothing should compromise its range and quality. This is because readers who peruse an abstract do so to learn about the findings of the study. The results section should therefore be the longest part of the abstract and should contain as much detail about the findings.
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Conclusions
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Although a conclusion may review the main points of the abstract, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions. This section should contain the most important take-home message of the study, expressed in a few precisely worded sentences. Usually, the finding highlighted here relates to the primary outcome measure; however, other important or unexpected findings should also be mentioned. It is also customary, but not essential, for the authors to express an opinion about the theoretical or practical implications of the findings, or the importance of their findings for the field. Thus, the conclusions may contain three elements:The primary take-home message, The additional findings of importance, The perspective. Despite its necessary brevity, this section has the most impact on the average reader because readers generally trust authors and take their assertions at face value. For this reason, the conclusions should also be scrupulously honest; and authors should not claim more than their data demonstrate.
Submission of a manuscript is not required for participation in a congress. Do not submit a reworked version of an abstract you have submitted or published elsewhere.Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. The submitting author is responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and any consent … for more