Interaction: A Cross-Cultural View. Definitions. Set 1.
GroupTwo or more individuals forming a complete unit in a composition.
StatusRelative social (formal or informal) position or rank within a group. (Notice the difference: formal status and informal status).
NormsRules within a group indicating how its members should (or should not behave).
RolesThe set of behaviors that individuals occupying specific positions within a group are expected to perform.
IdentificationThe process wherein the individual so strongly feels himself/herself a member of a group that he/she adopts its opinions, attitudes, values.
Source:Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Interaction: A Cross-Cultural View. Definitions. Set 2.
CompetitionA form of social interaction in which individuals or groups attempt to maximize their own outcomes, often at the expense of others.
CooperationA form of social interaction in which individuals or groups coordinate their behavior in order to reach a shared goal.
ConflictA direct confrontation between individuals or groups whereby one or both sides perceives that the other has thwarted or will thwart its interests.
ConformityA form of social influence in which individuals change their attitudes or/and behavior in order to adhere to existing social norms.
ObedienceA form of social influence in which one person simply orders one or more others to perform some action(s).
Source:Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Interaction: A Cross-Cultural View. Definitions. Set 3.
Group PolarizationThe tendency of group members to shift, as a result of group discussion, toward more extreme positions than those they initially held.
GroupthinkThe tendency of members of groups to adhere to the shared views so strongly that they ignore information inconsistent with those views.
CohesivenessAll forces acting on group members to cause them to remain part of a group, including mutual attraction, interdependence, and shared goals.
LeadershipThe process through which some individuals (leaders) influence other group members toward attainment of specific group goal or activity.
Source:Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Interaction: A Cross-Cultural View. Definitions. Set 4.
Social InfluenceEfforts on the part of one person to alter the behavior or attitudes of one or more others.
Social PowerThe ability or capacity to exercise control, authority.
Social FacilitationEffects upon performance resulting from the presence of others.
Social LoafingThe tendency of some group members to exert less effort on a task than they would if working on alone.
Source:Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Second Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon