CHAPTER 6
Institutional Corrections
TEST BANK
Multiple Choice Questions
1) According to Goffman’s Asylums (1961), when inmates enter a total institution, they undergo rites of passage that are:
a: obtaining privileges within the prison
b: obtaining privileges within certain groups in the prison
c: rituals that reinforce the idea that the inmates are no longer free, that they are the property of the institution
d: none of the above
2) Prisons have two widely acknowledged goals:
a: custody and treatment
b: custody and reintegration
c: rehabilitation and reintegration
d: custody and prevention of recidivism
3) A series of appellate cases made clear that classification systems could blunt inmate charges of harsh conditions during confinement. Identify the appellate case that does not apply.
a: Holt v. Sarver (1969)
b: Johnson v. Garver (1963)
c: Morris v. Travisono (1970)
d: Pugh v. Locke (1976)
4) The classification officers have many responsibilities different to correctional officers. Which do their responsibilities not include?
a: conduct initial intake assessments, review test results and inmate records, and make recommendations for institutional placement
b: review rule infractions and recommend sanctions for those found to be guilty
c: work with inmates to find an appropriate work or living reassignments, assist with educational goal attainment
d: meet with offender’s family members to assist with counseling or physical needs
5) In the 1990s, California redesigned its inmate classification system. The new design level:
a: a point system: the more points, the higher the inmate’s security level
b: is more subjective and less arbitrary
c: assigns points by means of an inventory at the time each inmate enters the system
d: all of the above
6) One of the factors not considered in California’s 1990s classification system is?
a: gang activities or disruptive group behavior
b: drug abuse
c: mental health
d: age and history with criminal justice system
7) One of the factors involved in the design of prisons is?
a: incorporation of a wide range of activities, from feeding inmates and doing their laundry, to office space for administrative staff
b: security both internal and external
c: walls and fences
d: all of the above
8) Which of the following is true of the radial-design prison and the Auburn design?
a: this design is quite popular in the United States
b: it has the largest recreation and work space for inmates
c: both are built around a central Times Square sally port area
d: none of the above
9) California’s classification system eliminates stability factors such as:
a: prior military service
b: strong family ties
c: abilities and skills
d: none of the above
10) Which of the following is not true of the courtyard design prison?
a: It relies on cameras throughout the facility for its security strength.
b: It resemble a fortress or castle.
c: All institutional units, including housing, education, health care, industry, and dining, face a central and often expansive courtyard
d: All of the above
11) In the linear prison design:
a: there are triangle-shaped structures lined with individual cells that share a central day area
b: correction officers control movement in and out of the cell area from one end of the hallway, usually by means of a sally port
c: the institutions walls are relied upon for security
d: there are wings set at right angles to the central corridor
12) Which one of the following is a negative aspect of the telephone-pole prison design?
a: Inmates can easily barricade the central corridor during riots and disturbances.
b: It is difficult to distinguish the inmates from the staff.
c: Floors are spread out like sun rays from the center of the facility.
d: None of the above.
13) Which of the following are true regarding the podular prison design?
a: these units are less secure
b: cell doors often are standard solid core doors that the inmate can choose to lock
c: a single steel door rather than a sally port usually controls entry to the pods
d: all of the above
14) Select the form of prison industry that did not develop after the 1800s:
a: contract system
b: lease system
c: working farm system
d: state-use system
15) The campus design prison is used for?
a: white collar offenders
b: older, high risk adult inmates
c: high profile individuals
d: young offenders or women prisoners
16) Identify the statement that does not describe a problem associated with the use of prison labor:
a: Competitors who were using prison labor were able to undersell manufacturers on labor costs alone.
b: Prison workers were required to work over 60 hours a week at a set wage.
c: Emerging labor union movements targeted prison labor for competing unfairly with workers in the free market.
d: A series of scandals involving the exploitation of prison workers erupted.
17) President Herbert Hoover signed the Hawes-Cooper Act into law. This law:
a: made all inmate-manufactured goods transported through a state subject to that state’s laws
b: protected inmates from unfair laws and practices within the prison
c: required prisons to align their cost of labor with that of other manufacturers
d: all of the above
18) Which of the following are true of the Private Sector/Prison Industries Enhancement Certification (PS/PIEC) program?
a: It removed most of the restrictions placed on inmate-manufactured goods by the Hawes-Cooper and Ashurst-Sumners acts
b: It provided freedom to begin a prison construction project, without consulting local labor unions.
c: The pay inmates working in private-sector prison industries receive must be the same rate paid for similar work in the local area
d: a & c
19) An important outcome of the joint-venture programs is?
a: Those prisoners who worked while incarcerated were able to be released from prison sooner.
b: That participants in traditional prison industries found work sooner and survived longer after release than did inmates who did something other than work while incarcerated
c: Those who worked while incarcerated were in better health after release
d: None of the above
20) The Act passed in 1919 that brought thousands of new felons into the federal prison system was:
a: the Volstead act
b: the Hawes-Cooper act
c: the Ashurst-Sumners act
d: the John Sutter act
21) Which of the following is not one of the methods used today for prison classification?
a: consensus-based classification system
b: prediction-based classification system
c: personality-based classification system
d: equity-based classification system
22. The 1970s provided a climate of change for prison industries so that at the start of the 1980s:
a: rehabilitation was out, and work, along with the security it brought the institution, was in
b: state and federal legislators were encouraging prison managers to become more efficient and to cut costs
c: prisoners’ rights activists were unsuccessful in their attack of the post-incarceration barriers to employment for convicted felons
d: a & b
23) Which of the following is true of Federal Prison Camps?
a: Campers are medium risk offenders.
b: Most are white collar or non-violent offenders.
c: They have a low staff to inmate ratio of 1 to 3.
d: The camps have high tech cameras and security systems.
24) Select the statement that does not describe a characteristic of the supermax prison:
a: it is reserved for the “baddest of the bad” who must be in lock down 23 hours a day
b: prisoners are fed in their cells and have little time to mix with others
c: this prison costs five times as much as a standard-maximum security facility to build, maintain, and operate
d: more than 30 states and the federal government have one or more of these units
25) Why is work for inmates important in federal prisons?
a: It keeps inmates healthy and in less need of medical attention.
b: It helps inmates pay their debt to society.
c: It keeps the inmates busy for extended periods.
d: b & c
26) Which of the following is one of the goals of UNICOR (the federal industries trade name)?
a: To employ and provide job skills to as many inmate as possible to prepare them for a productive and crime free return to the community
b: To ensure health and protection for all inmates while in prison
c: To provide all inmates with the opportunity to work and provide restitution
d: All of the above
27) Which statement is true today regarding the incarceration of female offenders?
a: The prison rates for women today are at an all-time low.
b: There are more women in prison today than there were prisoners of both genders in 1925.
c: Incarceration rates for women and men are growing equally at the same rate.
d: None of the above.
28) One of the most pressing needs among state prisoner is?
a: mental health programs
b: anger management programs
c: sex offender programs
d: drug abuse programs
29) One of the characteristics of Bastøy prison in Norway that makes it different to US prisons is that?
a: inmates are housed in wooden cottages or in a former mansion that resembles a college dorm
b: there is a formal dress code
c: inmates have the option of working or not working
d: b & c
30) Which of the following is true regarding US Penitentiaries?
a: They house high risk male and female offenders.
b: The staff to inmate ratio is one to five.
c: They house high-risk male inmates.
d: All inmates live in single cells.
True/False Statements
Decide whether the following statements are true or false
1) A key element in rites of passage, practiced to a greater or lesser extent in all total institutions is dehumanization.
2) Minimum security prisons are for violent, high-risk offenders such as white collar criminals.
3) In consensus-based classification systems risk is determined by assessing the mental, legal, and social situation of the offender.
4) Both the radial-design prison and the Auburn design are built around central Times Square sally port area through which everyone must pass to enter the prison’s work, residential, and administrative areas.
5) The courtyard-design prison has been compared to fortresses and castles with courtyards that have served as prisons in Europe.
6) With regard to work, under the state-use system private vendors paid a fixed fee, generally to the warden, for prison labor.
7) Under California’s classification system gang activities is one of the factors used to classify inmates.
8) Legislatures in eastern states, including Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, were among the first to use prison labor and then to create laws curbing its use.
9) All states use the Correctional Classification Profile for the classification of offenders.
10) The Hawes-Cooper Act made all inmate-manufactured goods transported through a state subject to government laws.
11) One of the restrictions in place created by the Private Sector/Prison Industries Enhancement Certification program is that before beginning a prison construction project, state officials must consult local labor unions.
12) The Volstead act is one of the law-enforcement initiatives that helped to bring thousands of new felons into the federal prison system.
13) In minimum security prisons the perimeters are double-fenced, usually strengthened with electronic security devices and inmates live in one, two-, or three-person cells.
14) The Federal Transfer Center (FTC), which is responsible for coordinating the movement of inmates between other facilities, is located in Kansas City and is home to the BOP’s airline.
15) One of the five goals of UNICOR, the Federal Prison Industries’ trade name, is to produce market-priced, quality goods for sale to the federal government.
16) All federal facilities offer psychological and psychiatric counseling.
17) The high-security prison in the federal system is called a maximum security prison.
18) Joint venture programs could serve as models for other collaborative efforts between prison administrators and the private sector.
19) The administrative segregation unit within the supermax prison is a protected, safety area for the staff.
20) One of the most pressing needs in state prison is treatment for sex offenders.
Fill in the Blanks
1) Prisons have two widely acknowledged goals that include custody and ______.
2) The ______is the risk that attaches to inmates and defines a prison’s physical appearance and security provisions in very important ways.
3) ______is the highest security level found in most prison systems.
4) One of the goals of the classification system is that staff members should encourage prosocial change by extending ______to those inmates who show control over their own behavior.
5) The classification system that weighs only those factors that relate to the current offense or nature of the crime is the ______- ______system.
6) ______- ______facilities for women often look like cottages, based on decades-old thinking that a homelike environment better serves the needs of women.
7) The state of ______has a classification system that is based on a point system.
8) In the Philadelphia’s Eastern Penitentiary design the spokes spread out from a hub known as the ______of the facility.
9) The ______- ______design prison has a central corridor for easy movement and is the most common in maximum-security prisons.
10) Under the ______prison wardens sold inmate labor to private vendors who provided the necessary machinery, tools, raw materials, and even supervisory staff.
11) The ______-______act made it a crime for the interstate transportation of prison-made goods into a state whose laws restricted their sale.
12) ______programs serve as models for other collaborative efforts between prison administrators and the private sector.
13) The ______enforced the Eighteenth Amendment’s prohibition on the sale, manufacture, and transportation of all alcoholic beverages.
14) The ______treatment is an outpatient program consisting of individual and group counseling, self-help groups, and seminars.
15) ______is located in Norway and has been called the world’s nicest prison.
16) Correctional officers conduct frequent scheduled and unannounced ______during which a staff member must physically view each inmate.
17) A ______search is completed after an inmate has moved from a lower security area of a facility to a more secure one, or when a shakedown has failed to uncover suspected contraband.