Exercise Science and Sports Medicine
Unit 6
INJURY & THE HEALING PROCESS TEST
Name ______Period ______
TRUE / FALSE
1. T FMicroscopic trauma is obvious, visible damage to a structure.
2. T FElasticity refers to the return of a material to its original size and shape after the removal a load.
3. T FLarge forces that exceed a material’s ultimate failure limit produce a mechanical failure of the structure.
4. T FMany tissues are stronger in resisting forces from some directions that from others.
5. T FWhen a given force is distributed over a large area, the resulting stress is greater than if the force were distributed over a smaller area.
6. T FRegular weight-bearing exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing age-related bone loss.
7. T FMany biological tissues tend to respond to gradually increased mechanical stress by becoming larger and stronger.
8. T FAbrasions result from compression sustained from heavy blows to soft tissue.
9. T FSkin is the least commonly injured body tissue.
10. T FNormal healing processes take place in a regular and predictable fashion.
11. T FThe composition and structure of bone cause to be a material that is quite strong for its relatively light weight.
12. T FBone is strongest is resisting shear stress and weakest in resisting compressive stress.
13. T FWhen a nerve is completely severed, healing does not occur and loss of function is typically permanent.
14. T FThe perception of pain is influenced by physical, chemical, social, and psychological factors.
15. T FProper nutrition is essential to provide the necessary nutrients for wound healing.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
16. A push or pull acting on a body is known as:
A. ForceC. Direction
B. ElasticityD. Deformation
17. A force acting along the long axis of a structure is termed:
A. ShearC. Torque
B. CompressionD. Axial
18. A force acting along the long axis of a structure that produces a squeezing or crushing effect is termed:
A. ShearC. Torque
B. CompressionD. Axial
19. A force acting along the long axis of a structure that is a pulling force which stretches the object to which it is applied is termed:
A. TorqueC. Tension
B. StrainD. Axial
20. A force causing one part of an object to slide or displace with respect to another part of the object is termed:
A. CompressionC. Stress
B. ShearD. Torque
21. A rotary or twisting force is termed:
A. CompressionC. Stress
B. ShearD. Torque
22. The major building block(s) of soft tissue is/are:
A. MineralsC. Osteoblasts
B. FibroblastsD. Collagen
23. Inflammation generally takes place during which phase of soft tissue healing?
A. Acute PhaseC. Remodeling Phase
B. Repair & Regeneration PhaseD. All of the above
24. The formation of scar tissue occurs in which phase of soft tissue healing?
A. Acute PhaseC. Remodeling Phase
B. Repair & Regeneration PhaseD. All of the above
25. Maturation and organization of newly formed tissue occurs in which phase of soft tissue healing?
A. Acute PhaseC. Remodeling Phase
B. Repair & Regeneration PhaseD. All of the above
26. The bone cells that form new bone tissue are called?
A. OsteoblastsC. Fibroblasts
B. OsteoclastsD. Fibroclasts
27. The bone cells the resorb bone are known as?
A. OsteoblastsC. Fibroblasts
B. OsteoclastsD. Fibroclasts
28. The bones of children and adolescents are more prone to which types of bone injuries?
A. Muscle-Tendon injuriesC. Growth-plate injuries
B. Ligament injuriesD. All of the above
29. A fibrous vascularized tissue containing immature bone tissue which forms between the fractured bone ends is called?
A. FixationC. Avulsion
B. NecrosisD. Callus
30. The body produces pain-killing chemicals that work to block nerve receptor sites that transmit pain. These chemicals are called?
A. EstrogenC. Insulin
B. TestosteroneD. Endorphins
31. Pain that is perceived at a location remote from the injured site is known as:
A. Superficial painC. Incomplete pain
B. Transmitted painD. Referred pain
32. The nutrients that serve a vital role in wound healing is/are:
A. ProteinsC. Vitamins
B. CarbohydratesD. All of the above
SHORT ANSWER
33.Explain the Gate Control Theory of Pain:
34.A distance runner complains of continuing pain in the anterior lower leg that is worse with exercise. You believe that she has an overuse injury or stress fracture. Describe how these types of injuries occur:
35.Explain the differences between a complete and incomplete nerve injury. How does the final outcome of healing differ?
36.You notice that in two individuals who are working to rehabilitate ankles that were sprained at about the same time, one avoids exercise because of excessive pain while the other performs workouts without complaint. What variables may be at work here
Unit 6
INJURY & THE HEALING PROCESS TEST - KEY
Name ______Period ______
TRUE / FALSE
1. T FMicroscopic trauma is obvious, visible damage to a structure.
2. T FElasticity refers to the return of a material to its original size and shape after the removal a load.
3. T FLarge forces that exceed a material’s ultimate failure limit produce a mechanical failure of the structure.
4. T FMany tissues are stronger in resisting forces from some directions that from others.
5. T FWhen a given force is distributed over a large area, the resulting stress is greater than if the force were distributed over a smaller area.
6. T FRegular weight-bearing exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing age-related bone loss.
7. T FMany biological tissues tend to respond to gradually increased mechanical stress by becoming larger and stronger.
8. T FAbrasions result from compression sustained from heavy blows to soft tissue.
9. T FSkin is the least commonly injured body tissue.
10. T FNormal healing processes take place in a regular and predictable fashion.
11. T FThe composition and structure of bone cause to be a material that is quite strong for its relatively light weight.
12. T FBone is strongest is resisting shear stress and weakest in resisting compressive stress.
13. T FWhen a nerve is completely severed, healing does not occur and loss of function is typically permanent.
14. T FPain is a universal symptom common to most injuries.
15. T FProper nutrition is essential to provide the necessary nutrients for wound healing.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
16. A push or pull acting on a body is known as:
A. ForceC. Direction
B. ElasticityD. Deformation
17. A force acting along the long axis of a structure is termed:
A. ShearC. Torque
B. CompressionD. Axial
18. A force acting along the long axis of a structure that produces a squeezing or crushing effect is termed:
A. ShearC. Torque
B. CompressionD. Axial
19. A force acting along the long axis of a structure that is a pulling force which stretches the object to which it is applied is termed:
A. TorqueC. Tension
B. StrainD. Axial
20. A force causing one part of an object to slide or displace with respect to another part of the object is termed:
A. CompressionC. Stress
B. ShearD. Torque
21. A rotary or twisting force is termed:
A. CompressionC. Stress
B. ShearD. Torque
22. The major building block(s) of soft tissue is/are:
A. MineralsC. Osteoblasts
B. FibroblastsD. Collagen
23. Inflammation generally takes place during which phase of soft tissue healing?
A. Acute PhaseC. Remodeling Phase
B. Repair & Regeneration PhaseD. All of the above
24. The formation of scar tissue occurs in which phase of soft tissue healing?
A. Acute PhaseC. Remodeling Phase
B. Repair & Regeneration PhaseD. All of the above
25. Maturation and organization of newly formed tissue occurs in which phase of soft tissue healing?
A. Acute PhaseC. Remodeling Phase
B. Repair & Regeneration PhaseD. All of the above
26. The bone cells that form new bone tissue are called?
A. OsteoblastsC. Fibroblasts
B. OsteoclastsD. Fibroclasts
27. The bone cells the resorb bone are known as?
A. OsteoblastsC. Fibroblasts
B. OsteoclastsD. Fibroclasts
28. The bones of children and adolescents are more prone to which types of bone injuries?
A. Muscle-Tendon injuriesC. Growth-plate injuries
B. Ligament injuriesD. All of the above
29. A fibrous vascularized tissue containing immature bone tissue which forms between the fractured bone ends is called?
A. FixationC. Avulsion
B. NecrosisD. Callus
30. The body produces pain-killing chemicals that work to block nerve receptor sites that transmit pain. These chemicals are called?
A. EstrogenC. Insulin
B. TestosteroneD. Endorphins
31. Pain that is perceived at a location remote from the injured site is known as:
A. Superficial painC. Incomplete pain
B. Transmitted painD. Referred pain
32. The nutrients that serve a vital role in wound healing is/are:
A. ProteinsC. Vitamins
B. CarbohydratesD. All of the above
SHORT ANSWER
33.Explain the Gate Control Theory of Pain:
• Small diameter, slow transmission nerves carry pain impulses. Large diameter, fast transmission nerves carry other sensations such as touch, temperature, etc. Both types of nerve fibers communicate with the spinal cord.
• An area or “gate” within the spinal cord organizes the various inputs and transmits those stimuli to the brain.
• Stimulation of the larger, faster nerve fibers by cold, acupuncture, acupressure, heat, etc. can selectively close the gate to the smaller, slower pain fiber input.
34.A distance runner complains of continuing pain in the anterior lower leg that is worse with exercise. You believe that she has an overuse injury or stress fracture. Describe how these types of injuries occur:
• Overuse syndromes and stress fractures result from the body’s inability to adapt to an increased training regimen. These injuries occur over a period of time and can persist for months or even years.
35.Explain the differences between a complete and incomplete nerve injury. How does the final outcome of healing differ?
• When a nerve is completely severed, healing does not occur and loss of function is typically permanent.
• It is sometimes possible for an incomplete nerve injury to regenerate. Such regeneration is relatively slow.
36.You notice that in two individuals who are working to rehabilitate ankles that were sprained at about the same time, one avoids exercise because of excessive pain while the other performs workouts without complaint. What variables may be at work here?
• Differences in pain perception and tolerance can be caused by differences in chemical, social, and psychological influences, as well as by physical differences in the severity of the original injury and the progression
Unit 6 – Injury And The Healing Process1draft copy