BIOLOGY2010 - 2011
INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND IMMUNITY STUDY GUIDE
UNIT OUTCOMES:
A)After reading Chapter 18Bacteria and Viruses pages 514-537, be able to describe the structure of bacteria and viruses in general, the cell wall of a typical bacterium, and why a capsule is important to bacteria, , normal vs pathogenic flora, virus infection processes, the specific structure and infection of HIV.
B)After reading Chapter 37 Immune System pages 1074-1101 be able to distinguish between specific and non- specific defenses, discuss infectious diseases, cells of the immune system and their function, and allergies and noninfectious disorders.
C) After reading the subsection Germ Theory and Koch’s Experiements be able to describe how Koch’s postulates are used today to isolate specific pathogens (pages 1076-1077)
D) After reading the subsections Spread of Disease thru Disease Patterns be able to describe types of reservoirs, transmission of pathogens, and distinguish between endemic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases (pages 1078-1081).
regarding nonspecific defenses, be able to summarize the human body’s nonspecific defenses. (Pages 957-958)
C)After reading the subsection on inflammatory response (Page 959), explain what phagocytosis is, name two
examples of cells capable of this process, and how histamines aid in this process.
D)Be able to describe the general make up of the human body’s immune system. Include the structures and organs that play a role in providing us with immunity to pathogens. (Page 961)
E)Be able to explain how white blood cells called lymphocytes recognize pathogens. (Pages 961-962)
F)Be able to compare and contrast cell – mediated and humoral immune responses. (Pages 963-965)
G)Be able to explain what a vaccination is and its purpose. (Page 966)
H)Be able to explain how Edwin Jenner developed the first vaccination for small pox. (Pages 966-967)
VOCABULARY:PathogenMucous membraneInflammatory responseHistamine
NeutrophillysozymePhagocytesInterferon macrophages Natural killer cells B Cells Plasma Cell
Specific ImmunityNonspecific Immunity
Monday 4/11Discussion:Bacteria and virus structure. (Pages 467-468, 484)
A day, 4th A+, eng. pt 1Lab:Test corrections & Self Study Guide 1-3
Tuesday 4/12Homework:Bacteria Structure Sec Rev 23-2 worksheet. Read pages 957-960 w/ssg B day, 5th A+, eng. pt 1 & process today’s notes
Wednesday 4/13Discussion:Nonspecific defenses found in the human body. (Pages 957-960)
A day, eng. pt 2Lab:Video: “Allergies”
Thursday 4/14Homework:Address outcome B and C. Read pages 961-963.w/ssg & process today’s B day, 6th A+, eng. pt 2 notes
Friday 4/15Discussion:The immune system and recognition of pathogens. (Pages 961-963)
A day, sp. Sched. hist. pt 1/2Lab:Video“The flu”.
Monday 4/18Homework:Address outcome E in essay form. Read pages 963-966.w/ssg &
B day, sp. Sched. hist. pt 1/2process today’s notes, Vocabulary assignment
Tuesday4/19QuizVocabulary quiz
A day, 6th A+ again, no cstDiscussion:The response of the immune system to pathogens. (pages 963-966)
Wednesday 4/20Lab:HIV and AIDS
B day, no cstHomework:Prepare for Test. Test & IANS are Monday April 25th, a 1-6 day.
Thursday 4/21CST Science Test; parts 1 & 2
Friday 4/22bring your IANs & hopefully we will have time to peer score them.
Monday 4/25Immune System Test
1-6 day 1st A+ No cstIANS Due
SVHS LAB BIOLOGY2010-2011
INFECTIOUS DISEASE & IMMUNITY SELF STUDY GUIDE
1)From Chapter 4 pages 77-78 titled "Plasma Membrane" be able to:
A)Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.
B)Explain the difference between peripheral and integral proteins.
C)Explain which of these proteins is important regarding viruses.
2)From Chapter 23 pages 467-468 titled "Biology of Prokaryotes" be able to:
A)Describe the general structure of a bacterial cell.
B)Describe the cell wall of a typical bacterium.
C)Explain why a capsule is important to bacteria.
3)From Chapter 25 pages 484 titled "Viral Size and Structure" be able to:
A)Name the two components of a virus.
B)Explain what an envelope is and its composition.
4)From Chapter 47 pages 957-958 titled "Nonspecific Defenses" be able to:
A) Define the term pathogen.
B) Explain who Robert Koch was and his four postulates regarding pathogens.
C) Explain how the skin is the first of several nonspecific defenses.
D) Explain how mucous membranes function as a nonspecific defense.
E) Explain the role of histamine in the inflammatory response.
F) Describe the symptoms of inflammation.
G) Explain the role of phagocytes and name two examples of phagocytes.
H) Explain why “pus” exists at a site of inflammation.
I) Explain the role of Natural killer cells.
5)From Chapter 47 pages 959-963 titled "Specific Defenses: The Immune System" be able to:
A) Explain the meaning of the term ”specific” regarding the immune system.
B)List several organs of the immune system.
C)Explain the role of the thymus gland and the spleen regarding the immune system.
D)Name the white blood cell of the immune system.
E)Compare and contrast the two types of lymphocytes.
F)Explain how lymphocytes recognize a pathogen.
G)Explain the term “antigen” and describe several examples.
6)From Chapter 47 pages 963-966 titled "Immune Response" be able to:
A)Compare and contrast cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune response.
B)Explain how a macrophage starts the immune response.
C)Explain what the T cells do in the cell-mediated immune response.
D)Explain the role of helper T cells.
E)Explain what antibodies do to an antigen or pathogen.
F)Explain why memory cells are said to be part of the secondary immune response.
7)From Chapter 47 pages 966-969 titled "Immunity & Vaccination" be able to:
A)Explain what a vaccine is and how they function.
B)Explain what happens when a person suffers from an allergy.
C)What happens when a person suffers from an autoimmune disease?
VIRAL STRUCTURE AND REPLICATIONVOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. virus______
______
2. capsid______
______
3. retrovirus______
______
4. lytic cycle______
______
5. lysogenic cycle______
______
6. prion______
______
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. Viruses are not alive because theya. do not grow. b. lack cell parts. c. do not metabolize. d. All of the above
2. Viruses can reproduce
a. independently of host cells.
b. independently of host cells if they first take up organelles from the host cells.
c. only within host cells.
d. only with the assistance of other viruses.
3. The enzyme reverse transcriptase uses
a. DNA as a template to make more DNA.
b. DNA as a template to make RNA.
c. RNA as a template to make more RNA.
d. RNA as a template to make DNA.
4. The grouping of viruses is based partly on the
a. presence or absence of an envelope.
b. presence or absence of nucleic acid.
c. type of organism they infect.
d. structure of their organelles.
Short Answers
1.What kinds of factors can cause anintegrated virus to become virulent and begin the lytic cycle?
2. How does an RNA virus get viral DNA into a host cell’s genome?
3. Why must a person receive a different flu vaccine each year to be protected against the flu?
4. Critical Thinking How does the structure and function of bacteriophages make these virusesuseful tools for genetic engineering?
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The diagrams below represent five steps in the lyticcycle of a bacteriophage. The order of the steps has been scrambled. Arrange the stepsin their correct order by writing the letter of each step, and briefly describe what ishappening in each step.
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Essay
Explain why antibiotics do not work to cure virus infections (Ch 18 and Ch 37)