Industrialization and SegregationStudy Guide

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions in short form.

  1. Between the Civil War and World War I, what replaced the family-owned business as the main form of business organization?
  2. Define the term corporation.
  3. Define stock.
  4. Define stockholders.
  5. What are two advantages of a corporation?
  6. What does it mean for a corporation to have limited liability?
  7. Why was the development of the Bessemer steel process important?
  8. What was the Bessemer process?
  9. Who developed the Bessemer process?
  10. From what state was William Kelly, and what did he do?
  11. What type of building could be constructed with steel?
  12. Name the invention for which each of the following inventors is most famous:
  13. Thomas Edison
  14. Alexander Graham Bell
  15. Orville and Wilbur Wright
  16. Henry Ford
  17. Name the industry with which each of the following businessmen is associated.
  18. Andrew Carnegie
  19. J.P. Morgan
  20. John D. Rockefeller
  21. Cornelius Vanderbilt
  22. List three reasons for the economic transformation of America during the late 19th century.
  23. Define capitalism.
  24. What is the goal of business under capitalism?
  25. Who developed the laissez faire theory, and what book did he write?
  26. Define laissez faire.
  27. During the nineteenth century, did the United States government follow a strict laissez faire policy? Explain.
  28. Give two examples of ways the federal government helped American business during the nineteenth century.
  29. What two factors increased the labor supply in American cities during the late nineteenth century?
  30. What was the trend of racial discrimination in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
  31. Define racial segregation.
  32. What were “Jim Crow” laws, who passed them, when were they passed, and what did they do?
  33. By the early twentieth century, what region of the United States required racial segregation and denied most African-Americans the right to vote?
  34. What is lynching, and how was it used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
  35. What was the “Great Migration?
  36. Why did African-American migration to the north speed up during World War I?
  37. Why did African-Americans hope the judicial branch would safeguard their rights?
  38. How did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson?
  39. What was the result of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision?
  40. Explain Booker T. Washington’s position on racial segregation in the South and racial discrimination in the North.
  41. Explain W.E.B. DuBois’ position on racial segregation in the South and racial discrimination in the North.
  42. When was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People formed, and what was its purpose?
  43. What African-American woman led an anti-lynching crusade and called upon the federal government to take action on this issue?
  44. What were four results of industrial development in the United States between 1877 and 1920?
  45. What social problems did industrialization create in American cities during the late nineteenth century?
  46. What problems did factory workers face?
  47. What were company towns?
  48. What is a union?
  49. What was the first important union in the United States?
  50. What destroyed the Knights of Labor?
  51. What was the Haymarket Square Riot?
  52. Describe the early history of the American Federation of Labor.
  53. What happened at the Homestead Strike?
  54. Who was Samuel Gompers?
  55. Describe the situation of the AF of L today.
  56. Who was Eugene V. Debs?
  57. What event destroyed the American Railway Union?
  58. What was the Pullman Strike?
  59. What was the International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union?

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