A joint initiative of UNICEF and KIIT university

Important indicators Water and Sanitation in Orissa, Economic Survey 2010-11

Achievement under Total Sanitation Campaign Programme
Important parameters / Target / 2001-02 / 2002-03 / 2003-04 / 2004-05 / 2005-06 / 2006-07 / 2007-08 / 2008-09 / 2009-10 / 2010-11 (Oct'10)
Individual House Hold Latrine(IHL) / 7056648 / 13332 / 37588 / 228068 / 313124 / 298768 / 389802 / 475904 / 323802 / 539077 / 598169
Sanitary Complex / 818 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 8 / 2 / 2 / 5 / 30 / 8
School Toilets / 70663 / 2 / 1421 / 4103 / 1781 / 2369 / 7458 / 15763 / 16623 / 14262 / 2310
Anganwadi Toilets / 25160 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 25 / 853 / 5207 / 4479 / 3718 / 4866 / 1180
Achivement of Rural Water Supply Programme in Orissa
PWS Commissioned / 94 / 134 / 65 / 1010 / 2020 / 900
Spring based Sources / 0 / 0 / 24 / 50 / 148
Spot Sources (TW+CS) / 10475 / 22714 / 12142 / 9008 / 13126 / 7484
Drinking Water in School / 5794 / 9476 / 3768 / 754 / 156 / 42
Physical Target and Achievement under Bharat NirmanYojana, Orissa
a.1 Not Covered habitations target / Sinking of tubewells / 9188 / 4169 / 7387 / 1500
a.2 Not Covered habitations achieved / Sinking of tubewells / 6484 / 4264 / 1325 / 3357
b.1 Partly Covered Target / Sinking of tubewells / 4706 / 4031 / 1903 / 10847
b.2 Partly Covered achieved / Sinking of tubewells / 1627 / 2288 / 1018 / 3062
Coverage of Schools target / Sinking of tubewells / 4937 / 1000 / 790 / 36
Coverage of Schools achieved / Sinking of tubewells / 3536 / 629 / 231 / 42
Coverage of Quality affected habitations target / Piped Water Supply / 1726 / 5577 / 16435 / 2000
Coverage of Quality affected habitations achieved / Piped Water Supply / 314 / 3077 / 16435 / 2114
Status of Individual Household Latrines, School Toilets And Anganwadi Toilets by the end of 2009-10
Sl.No / District / Individual Household Latrine / School Toilets / Anganwadi Toilets
Target / Cum. Ach / %Of Cum. Ach / Target / Cum. Ach / %Of Cum. Ach / Target / Cum. Ach / %Of Cum. Ach
1 / Angul / 186809 / 62145 / 33 / 2040 / 2039 / 100 / 795 / 788 / 99
2 / Balesore / 342234 / 100550 / 29 / 2400 / 2400 / 100 / 915 / 856 / 94
3 / Bolagir / 384003 / 293748 / 76 / 3787 / 3787 / 100 / 1849 / 1350 / 73
4 / Bargarh / 315882 / 92250 / 29 / 2393 / 2393 / 100 / 361 / 388 / 100
5 / Bhadrak / 2188481 / 96307 / 44 / 1855 / 1582 / 85 / 1190 / 473 / 40
6 / Baudh / 92672 / 27172 / 29 / 1033 / 916 / 89 / 258 / 248 / 96
7 / Cuttack / 364874 / 126226 / 35 / 2426 / 2292 / 94 / 42 / 60 / 100
8 / Deogarh / 62958 / 24470 / 39 / 620 / 620 / 100 / 190 / 221 / 10
9 / Dhenkanal / 190307 / 71415 / 38 / 2065 / 2056 / 100 / 690 / 567 / 82
10 / Gajapati / 110192 / 25106 / 23 / 1438 / 1004 / 70 / 630 / 548 / 87
11 / Ganjam / 45136 / 231121 / 51 / 4235 / 3931 / 93 / 2505 / 2200 / 88
12 / Jagatsinghpur / 212333 / 101467 / 48 / 2434 / 2431 / 100 / 955 / 134 / 14
13 / Jajpur / 354399 / 126063 / 36 / 3414 / 3091 / 91 / 1355 / 121 / 9
14 / Jharsuguda / 67929 / 20512 / 30 / 811 / 811 / 100 / 433 / 433 / 100
15 / Kalahandi / 296373 / 86388 / 29 / 2330 / 2330 / 100 / 676 / 676 / 100
16 / Kandhamal / 155540 / 32069 / 21 / 1812 / 1678 / 93 / 937 / 544 / 58
17 / Kendrapara / 216192 / 97611 / 45 / 2583 / 2286 / 89 / 1064 / 981 / 91
18 / Keonjhar / 263448 / 58830 / 22 / 5428 / 4899 / 90 / 1590 / 645 / 41
19 / Khurda / 230593 / 111694 / 48 / 2431 / 1932 / 79 / 150 / 184 / 100
20 / Koraput / 264201 / 78558 / 30 / 2659 / 2544 / 96 / 1130 / 924 / 82
21 / Malkangiri / 131708 / 39252 / 30 / 1650 / 1534 / 93 / 534 / 566 / 98
22 / Mayurbhanj / 562768 / 217075 / 39 / 4642 / 4012 / 86 / 1698 / 1698 / 100
23 / Nadrangpur / 354495 / 42121 / 17 / 1838 / 1522 / 83 / 378 / 841 / 100
24 / Nayagar / 207312 / 75355 / 36 / 1993 / 1761 / 88 / 34 / 443 / 100
25 / Nuapada / 128790 / 34091 / 26 / 941 / 834 / 89 / 585 / 566 / 97
26 / Puri / 231132 / 101081 / 44 / 2250 / 1785 / 76 / 1130 / 518 / 46
27 / Rayagada / 212204 / 62795 / 30 / 2931 / 1390 / 47 / 1001 / 376 / 38
28 / Sambalpur / 148615 / 50543 / 34 / 2217 / 1994 / 90 / 480 / 468 / 98
29 / sonepur / 107118 / 40010 / 37 / 1563 / 1563 / 100 / 214 / 214 / 100
30 / Sundergarh / 291770 / 145918 / 50 / 2444 / 2627 / 100 / 1391 / 1257 / 90
Orissa / 7056648 / 2672663 / 38 / 70663 / 64044 / 91 / 25160 / 19244 / 76

Important indicators Water and Sanitation in Orissa, NFHS

Important indicators / NFHS I / NFHS II / NFHS III
Household headship / Urban / Rural / Total / Urban / Rural / Total / Urban / Rural / Total
Source of drinking water
Improved source / 83.8 / 77.3 / 78.4
Piped water into dwelling/yard/plot / 30.3 / 0.4 / 5.4 / 46.8 / 3.9 / 8.6 / 69.5 / 19.3 / 33.1
Public tap/standpipe / 21.5 / 1.5 / 4.8 / 34.2 / 59.5 / 56.7 / 18.1 / 41.6 / 35.1
Tube well or borehole / 27 / 72.8 / 65.1 / 17.6 / 27.8 / 26.7 / 9.2 / 32.1 / 25.8
Other improved / 5 / 2.7 / 3.1 / 1.1 / 8.8 / 8 / 1 / 5.1 / 3.9
Non-improved source / 15.9 / 22.6 / 21.5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Other source / 0.3 / 0.1 / 0.1 / 0.2 / 0 / 0 / 2.2 / 2 / 2
Total / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 0 / 0
Time to obtain drinking water (round trip)
Water on premises / 45.9 / 18.2 / 22.8 / 65.8 / 53.4 / 54.7 / 0 / 0 / 0
Less than 30 minutes / 43.8 / 63.7 / 60.4 / 4.8 / 9.8 / 9.8 / 0 / 0 / 0
Thirty minutes or longer / 10 / 17.8 / 16.5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Don't know/missing / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Total / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Water treatment prior to drinking
Boil / 15.1 / 5.6 / 7.2 / 14.5 / 4.3 / 5.4 / 0 / 0 / 0
Strain through cloth / 10.1 / 4.2 / 5.2 / 16.3 / 11 / 11.6 / 0 / 0 / 0
Use ceramic, sand, or other water filter / 24.8 / 2.1 / 5.9 / 25.4 / 2.8 / 5.3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Other treatment / 6.9 / 1.8 / 2.6 / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0 / 0 / 0
No treatment / 52.5 / 88.3 / 82.3 / 54.1 / 83 / 79.8 / 0 / 0 / 0
Don't know/missing / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.3 / 0.1 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0 / 0 / 0
Uses electronic purifier / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.3 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Sanitation facility
Improved, not shared / 46.6 / 9 / 15.3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Flush/pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tank, or pit latrine / 39.2 / 4.8 / 10.6 / 48.1 / 6.2 / 10.9 / 60.1 / 6.9 / 21.6
Pit latrine with slab / 5.9 / 3.2 / 3.6 / 6.9 / 2.1 / 2.6 / 15.5 / 5.9 / 8.6
Other / 1.4 / 1 / 1 / 0.3 / 0.1 / 0.1
Total percent / 0 / 0 / 0 / 100 / 100 / 100
Not improved / 52.9 / 90.5 / 84.2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Any facility shared with other households / 10.9 / 1.8 / 3.4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Flush/pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tank, or pit latrine / 0.5 / 0 / 0.1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Pit latrine without slab/open pit / 0.7 / 0.4 / 0.5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
No facility/open space/field / 40.9 / 88.2 / 80.2 / 45 / 91.7 / 86.5 / 24.1 / 87.1 / 69.7
Other / 0.2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Missing / 0.3 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Total / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0

Policy/Legislation

Policy / Highlights
INTERNATIONAL
United Nations Water Conference of 1977 first step towards water rights / Resolution II of the Conference on Community Water Supply declared for the first time that "all peoples, whatever their stage of development and their social and economic conditions, have the right to have access to drinking water in quantities and of a quality equal to their basic needs" (UNWC, 1977;66)
International Conference on Water and the Environment held in Dublin in January 1992 / Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development was issued. Among other things, the Statement stated, "It is vital to recognize first the basic right of all human beings to have access to clean water and sanitation at an affordable price". However, the Dublin Principles do not explain the concept of "affordability", nor do they suggest means through which its content and meaning could be determined
United Nations Conference on Environment & Development held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 / "Water resources have to be protected, taking into account the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and the perennialityof the resources, in order to satisfy and reconcile needs for water in human activities. In developing and using water resources, priority has to be given to the satisfaction of basic needs and the safeguarding of the eco-systems".
First World Water Forum was organized in Marrakesh (Morocco) in 1997, / In particular the Forum recommends action to recognize the basic human needs to have access to clean water and sanitation, to establish an effective mechanism for management of shared waters, to support and preserve ecosystems, to encourage the efficient use of water, to address gender equity issues in water use and to encourage partnership between the members of Civil Society and Governments.
Second World Water Forum Hague (Netherlands) in 2000 / The forum recogniseda huge diversity of needs and situations around the globe, but together one common point adopted is: to provide water security in the 21st Century. This means ensuring that freshwater, coastal and related ecosystems are protected and improved; that sustainable development and political stability are promoted, that every person has access to enough safe water at an affordable cost to lead a healthy and productive life and that the vulnerable are protected from the risks of water-related hazards.
Third World Water Forum Kyoto (Japan) in 2003 / The focus was on enhancing "poor people's access to safe drinking water and sanitation"
The fourth World Water Forum held in Mexico (2006) / Failed to declare water as a basic human right, thereby depriving near about one billion people who are without a source of clean water
Millennium Development Goals / Six of the goals are directly or indirectly related to sustainable access to safe drinking water, As sanitation was somehow absent in these goals, the United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in September 2002 included the goal with regard to basic sanitation as well.
NATIONAL
Constitutional provisions/ supreme court interpretations / The Supreme Court has ruled that both water and sanitation are part of the constitutional right to life (Article 21). The Court has stated that ‘the right to access to clean drinking water is fundamental to life and there is a duty on the state under Article 21to provide clean drinking water to its citizens’ A.P. Pollution Control Board II v Prof. M.V. Naidu and Others (Civil Appeal Nos. 368-373 of 1999).
National Water Policy – 1987 / Enhancing better use of water for irrigation
Fine tuning with the International Decade (1981-1991) of Drinking Water and sanitation, adequate drinking water has to be provided to the entire population both in Urban and Rural Areas, and sanitation to 80 % of population in urban area and 25 % of population in rural area
Revised National Water Policy - 2002 / Adequate safe drinking water facilities should be provided to the entire population both in urban and in rural areas. Irrigation and multipurpose projects should invariably include a drinking water component, wherever there is no alternative source of drinking water. Drinking water needs of human beings and animals should be the first charge on any available water. The National Policy remained silent about sanitation measures. India has signed the UN resolution on the right to water and sanitation, but it is not mentioned in the national Water Policy document
STATE
1972 -86 launch of Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) / India does not have a policy for water supply and sanitation specifically it is always discussed as a matter of water policy itself. Specific guidelines for the implementation of programmes like ARWSP have been framed by national government, to be implemented by the state governments, with nodal agencies and departments in each of the states. PHED department is the nodal department in Orissa. Focus was to increase the supply of rural drinking water
1986-87 Launch of second generation of technology Mission, renamed in 1991-92 as Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission / Stress on water quality, appropriate technology intervention, human resource development support and other related activities were introduced
State Water Policy – 1994 / "Judicious allocation of water resources to different sectors with drinking water occupying top priority in order to satisfy the basic need of the people". This indicates a more holistic approach of water usage, though drinking-water will continue to be top priority it recognizes need to allocate sufficient water for other uses and sectors as well
1999-2000 the third generation programme started / Focus on sectoral reform projects evolved to involve community in planning, implementation and management of drinking water related schemes, later scaled up to Swajaldhara in 2002.
2010 - Rural water supply has now entered into fourth phase with / Major emphasis on ensuring sustainability of water availability in terms of potability, adequacy, convenience, affordability, and equity while also adopting decentralized approach to involving PRIs and community organizations.

Programmatic Intervention: Water and sanitation

Sl. No / Programmes / Coverage / Objectives / Achievements
1 / Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) / Entier state / 1. To promote community ownership of the projects with the responsibility for operation and maintenance in order to ensure sustainability.
2. Overall policy guidance and coordination of programmes implemented by the District Water & Sanitation Missions keeping in view the guidelines of Govt. of India & Govt. of Orissa for water and sanitation programmes in order to make the water supply projects self-sustainable.
3. To ensure transfer of all existing and new Rural Piped Water Supply projects to the Users’ Association.
4. To ensure coordination with different departments, agencies and convergence of different activities related to water supply and sanitation in rural areas.
5. To take any other activities that is consistent with the aims & objectives of the Mission. / Overall policy guidance & coordination of programmes implemented by the District WATSAN missions.
To ensure coordination with various departments, agencies and convergence of different activities related to water supply & sanitation in rural areas.
2 / Quality Monitoring and Surveillance through Submission Projects / Rairangpur / 1. Providing safe drinking water to all villages,
2. Assisting local communities to maintain sources of safe drinking water in good condition, and
3. Giving special attention for water supply to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. / The Central Government supplements the efforts of the states by providing financial and technical support. The Tenth Plan emphasizes participatory approach where PRIs should be the key institutions for convergence of drinking water supply programmes at the ground level.
4 / Bharat Nirman / Entier state / The Ministry of Power has the responsibility of providing electricity to the remaining 1,25,000 villages through the programme instrument of Rajiv Gandhi GraminVidyutikaranYojana. In addition it will also provide 23 million households with electricity. As per the Census of 2001, 1,25,000 villages remained uncovered.
5 / Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) / Entire Orissa / Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the ruralareas.Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas.Generate felt demand for sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education.
Cover schools/ Anganwadis in rural areas with sanitation facilities and promote hygiene education and sanitary habits among students.
Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies in sanitation.Eliminate open defecation to minimize risk of contamination of drinking water sources and food.
Convert dry latrines to pour flush latrines, and eliminate manual scavenging practice, wherever in existence in rural areas. / In case of toilets in schools, eleven districts reported 100 percent achievement and under the anganwadi toilet programme, 10 districts reported 100 percent achievement.
6 / Nirmal Gram Puraskar / Entire Orissa / 1. 100% sanitation coverage of IHLs
2. 100% school sanitation(primary & secondary schools-separate toilets for boys and girls in co-education schools)
3. Toilet coverage in Anganwadicentre
4. Free from open defecation, dry latrines and manual scavenging
5. Clean environmental maintenance
6. Toilet should be used by all concerned Who can get the award / The end of 2008-09, 135 Gram Panchayats (GP) including 20 in Puri district, 19 in Balasore and 13 in Cuttack were given the award.
7 / Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes / Entier state / The Public Health Engineering Organisation (PHEO) and the Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board (OWSSB) look after water supply and Swerage schemes in urban areas. The supply and maintenance of piped drinking water systems are looked after by PHEO for operation, maintenance and management. At present, about 773.82 million litres of drinking water is supplied every day through the piped water supply system and benefit 44.60 lakh people. / During 2009-10, 396 water supply projects have been taken up with a budget provision of Rs. 25.37 crore, of which 180 projects were completed and Rs. 25.31 crore were spent.
8 / RLTAP Water Supply Schemes / KBK / Although the overall objectives of the programme of Revised Long Term Action Plan (RLTAP) formulated for the KBK districts were complementary and supplementary in nature such as (i) drought proofing, (ii) poverty alleviation and development saturation and (iii) improved quality of life for the local people, the specific components of the programme have their specific objectives / These schemes are expected to benefit about 7.04 lakh people. Two projects at Koraput and Rayagada have been completed and Rs. 11.07 crore has been utilised during 2009-10

Financial Investment in Water and Sanitation:

Budget particulars/ Year / 2000-01 / 2001-02 / 2002-03 / 2003-04 / 2004-05 / 2005-06 / 2006-07 (RE) / 2007-08 (BE) / 2008-09 / 2009-10
Total Public Expenditure
Entire State Expenditure on health / 221.45 / 251.38 / 248.67 / 258.17 / 275.50 / 383.41 / 512.54 / 586.96
Health expenditure % of state to total state expenditure / 2.00 / 2.08 / 1.87 / 1.66 / 1.77 / 2.43 / 2.51 / 2.50
Health expenditure as % of GSDP / 0.57 / 0.60 / 0.56 / 0.48 / 0.48 / 0.60 / 0.72 / 0.73

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