Goal 2.01: Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union.

I.Exploration of the Louisiana Territory

  1. ______Expedition (1804-06): Meriwether Lewis, William Clark)
  2. Mapped northern route across North America to the Pacific Ocean
  3. Gathered mineral, plant, and animal samples
  4. Encountered many different Native American groups
  5. ______Expedition (1805-07): Zebulon Pike
  6. Mapped central and southern portions of Louisiana Territory
  7. Explored into Spanish Mexico, where Pike was arrested
  8. Opened the way for settlement of the West
  9. ______: used by settlers between 1840 and 1870 to reach Pacific
  10. Other trails, like the Mormon Trail would also become important

II.The ______Compromise

  1. 1819: Missouri applied for statehood, but allowing Missouri in would cause an imbalance in the Senate because Missouri allowed ______
  2. ______of Kentucky, nicknamed “The Great Compromiser,” offered a compromise
  3. Northern senators agreed to admit Missouri, but only if ______was also admitted as a free state to maintain the Senate’s balance between slave states and free states
  4. Congress also drew a line through the Louisiana Territory; north of the line = no slavery allowed

III.Native Americans and Westward Expansion

  1. ______Act of 1830: ordered all remaining Native Americans east of the Mississippi to relocate to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma); endorsed by Pres. Andrew Jackson
  2. ______tribe resisted the Act, and sued
  3. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
  4. Supreme Court found in favor of the Cherokee: US gov’t had signed treaties with the Cherokee, recognizing them as a separate nation; therefore, the Cherokee were exempt from US laws
  5. President Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s decision
  6. ______
  7. Forced removal of the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, and Choctaw nations from the east to the Indian Territory
  8. Thousands of Native Americans died along the way

IV.1840s Expansion of US

  1. Mexico (which included Texas and California) won independence from Spain in 1821
  2. Large numbers of American had settled in Texas under ______
  3. Mexico tried to limit the number of American settlers and put in place high ______against imported goods from the US; this angered the Americans in Texas
  4. War of Texan Independence (1835-36)
  5. Texas rebelled against Mexico under the leadership of ______
  6. Battle of the ______
  7. 200+ Texans held off 6000 Mexicans for 13 days before being wiped out
  8. Slaughter of the Texans led to the battle cry “Remember the Alamo!”
  9. Battle of ______
  10. 300+ Texans who had surrendered were executed without trial
  11. Battle of ______
  12. Texans defeated Mexican army and captured Mexican leader Santa Anna
  13. Santa Anna signed treaty which gave Texas its independence from Mexico
  14. The Republic of Texas (1836-45)
  15. Texans hoped that US would immediately annex Texas
  16. US did not, because Texas allowed slavery; another slave state would throw off the balance in the Senate
  17. The US Presidential Election of 1844
  18. Won by Democratic candidate ______, who made a series of campaign promises:
  19. He would annex ______
  20. He would annex the ______Territory, which was claimed by the British
  21. He would buy ______from Mexico
  22. He would only serve one term
  23. “______”: Idea that Americans had been given North America by God, who wanted them to settle it all and push out Indians, Mexicans
  24. Border disputes between US and British Canada
  25. ______Treaty (1842): Settled dispute between US and Britain over the border between US and Canada from Maine to Minnesota
  26. Oregon Territory dispute
  27. Many Americans were willing to go to war with Britain over Oregon
  28. “54-40 or Fight!”: US claimed up to the latitude of 54°40’
  29. Britain claimed down to a latitude of 42°
  30. 1846: the two sides agreed to split the difference, set the border at 49°
  31. The Mexican War (1846-48)
  32. 1845: Texas admitted to US as a slave state
  33. Mexico angry
  34. Dispute broke out over where border was between Texas and Mexico
  35. Polk makes an offer to Mexico to buy California
  36. Mexico insulted
  37. All diplomatic ties broken off between US and Mexico
  38. War starts when US troops tried to enforce ______as southern border of US
  39. War ends in 1848 when US captures ______
  40. Treaty of ______
  41. The Mexican Cession: Mexico gave up California, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico to US
  42. Mexico accepted Rio Grande as southern border of Texas
  43. US paid Mexico $15 million and assumed $3 million worth of Mexico’s debts to US citizens
  44. The ______Proviso
  45. Proposed that slavery not be allowed in any territories US had received from Texas
  46. Angered southerners, reopened debate about slavery
  47. Failed to pass Congress

V.The Compromise of ______

  1. Gold discovered in California in 1848, prompting 80,000 settlers (called ______) to move there
  2. California applied for statehood as a free state; this would upset balance in Senate
  3. ______of Kentucky, backed by ______of Massachusetts, proposed a compromise; compromise was opposed by ______of SC

Northerners got: / Southerners got:
California as a free state / “popular sovereignty”: future states would get to decide slavery issue themselves
Free New Mexico split from Texas / Texas debts paid by Federal government
Slave trade banned in Washington DC / Slave ownership allowed in Washington DC
Congress not allowed to interfere in domestic slave trade
Fugitive Slave Act: Southerners could recover runaway slaves even in northern states

VI.The ______Purchase (1853)

  1. US bought 30,000 sq. mile strip of land from Mexico for $10 million
  2. Needed land to build a ______across southern US