PRELIMINARY CHEMISTRY PROGRAM
MODULE: 1. THE CHEMICAL EARTHWEEK / SYLLABUS OUTCOMES / TEACHING STRATEGIES & ACTIVITIES / Jacaranda Chemistry 1 Page Reference / Sign
1 / 1. Mixtures in the Earth
Classification of Matter
1. Identify the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures in terms of particle theory.
2. Present information by using symbols and formulae
3. Present information using a variety of pictorial representations
4. Analyse information using models to explain phenomena and/or make predictions
Mixtures and the spheres of the Earth
5. Identify that the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere contain examples of mixtures of elements and compounds.
6. Present information by using a variety of pictorial representations to show relationships and presenting information clearly and succinctly.
7. Present information by selecting and drawing appropriate graphs to convey information and relationships clearly and accurately. / Classification of Matter
1. Use models to distinguish between pure and impure substances and elements, compounds and mixtures.
2. Recall symbols of elements and the formulae of common compounds from Stage 4.
3. Use particle diagrams to distinguish between elements , compounds and mixtures
4. Use molecular models to predict whether a substance is pure or impure.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 1.1
Mixtures and the spheres of the Earth
5. Use diagrams to identify the locations of the various spheres of the earth. Use tabulated data to analyse the composition of each of these spheres.
6. Compare photographs and labelled drawings of the spheres of the Earth
7. Use tables of composition data in the text to draw pie or column graphs.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 1.2 / Chapter 1
1. 3-5
2. 3-4
3. 5
4. 4-5
Revision 1.1
Page 6
5. 6-10
6. 7
7. 8-10
Revision 1.2
Page 11
2 / Physical Separation Techniques
8. Identify and describe procedures that can be used to separate naturally occurring mixtures.
9. Assess separation techniques for their suitability in separating examples of earth materials, identifying the differences in properties which enable these separations.
10. Identify data sources, plan, choose equipment and perform a first-hand investigation to separate the components of a naturally occurring or appropriate mixture such as sand, salt and water.
Gravimetric Analysis
11. Describe situations in which gravimetric analysis supplies useful data for chemists and other scientists.
12. Gather first-hand information by carrying out a gravimetric analysis of a mixture to estimate its percentage composition
Industrial Separation of Mixtures
13. Identify data sources, gather, process and analyse information from secondary sources to identify the industrial separation processes used on a mixture obtained from the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere or atmosphere and use the evidence available to: (a)identify the properties of the mixture used in its separation (b)identify the products of separation and their uses
(c) discuss issues associated with wastes from the processes used / Physical Separation Techniques
8. Identify physical separation techniques that can be used to separate natural mixtures
9. For each technique examine the properties that allow the separation.
(a) Separating solids - sieves; sedimentation; froth flotation ; magnetic separation
(b) Separating solids and liquids - filtration; centrifugation
(c) Separating dissolved solids and liquids - Evaporation; crystallisation
(d) Separating liquids - separating funnel; distillation
(e) Separating gases - cryogenic separation
10. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 1.1 - Separation of a simple mixture.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 1.3
Gravimetric Analysis
11. Use sample problems to discuss the use of gravimetric analysis in a variety of examples.
12. PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES 1.2 AND 1.3 -Gravimetric Analysis of a mixture 1 and 2
DATA ANALYSIS 1.4 - Separation and Analysis of a mixture
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 1.4
Industrial Separation of Mixtures
13. Select one industrial separation process (from one selected sphere of the Earth) and process and analyse the information to identify the properties of the mixture that allow it to be separated and discuss issues related to waste management.
DATA ANALYSIS 1.5 - Extraction of aluminium from the lithosphere
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 1.5 / Chapter 1
8. 12-18
9. (a) 12-13
(b) 13-14
(c) 15
(d) 16-17
(e) 17-18
10. 32
Revision 1.3
Page 20
11. 21-23
12. 33-36
CD. Animated Object 1- Gravimetric analysis
Revision 1.4
Page 24
13. 25- 29
Data Analysis
37-38
Revision 1.5
Page 29-31
3 / 2. Elements
Classifying elements
14. Classify elements as metals, non-metals and semi-metals according to their physical properties.
15. Plan and perform an investigation to examine some physical properties, including malleability, hardness and electrical conductivity, and to present information about the classification of elements as metals, non-metals or semi-metals.
16. Process information from secondary sources and use a Periodic Table to present information about the classification of elements as:(a)metals, non-metals and semi-metals.(b)solids, liquids and gases at 25˚C and normal atmospheric pressure.
The properties and uses of elements
17. Explain the relationship between the reactivity of an element and the likelihood of its existing as an uncombined element.
18. Account for the uses of metals and non-metals in terms of their physical properties.
19. Plan and perform an investigation to examine some uses of a range of common elements.
20. Analyse information from secondary sources to distinguish the physical properties of metals and non-metals. / Classifying elements
14. Observe and classify a range of supplied elements into groups based on their appearance. Classify elements as metals, non-metals and semi-metals based on a range of physical properties.
Solve a range of problems related to the classification of elements.
15. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 2.1- Investigating the physical properties of elements
16. DATA ANALYSIS 2.2 - Classifying elements
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 2.1
The properties and uses of elements
17. Examine examples of reactive and unreactive elements. Relate their activity to the stability of their compounds.
18. Relate the uses of elements to their physical properties. Tabulate examples.
19. DATA ANALYSIS 2.3 - Properties and uses of elements
20. Use second hand data to compare the properties of metals and non-metals
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 2.2 / Chapter 2
14. 40-44
15. 49
16. 50
Revision 2.1
Page 45
17. 43
46
18. 47
19. 51
20 43-44
46-47
Revision 2.2
Page 48
4 / 3. Compounds
The structure of the atom
21. Identify that matter is made of particles that are continuously moving and interacting
22. Describe qualitatively the energy levels of electrons in atoms.
23. Describe atoms in terms of mass number and atomic number.
Ions and ionic bonding
24. Describe the formation of ions in terms of atoms gaining or losing electrons.
25. Apply the Periodic Table to predict the ions formed by atoms of metals and non-metals.
26. Apply Lewis electron dot structures to the formation of ions.
27. Describe the formation of ionic compounds in terms of the attraction of ions of opposite charge.
28. Construct formulae for compounds formed from ions.
29. Construct ionic equations showing metal and non-metal atoms forming ions.
30. Apply systematic naming of inorganic compounds as they are introduced in the laboratory. / The structure of the atom
21. Recall the particle nature of matter. Recall that the particles of matter are in motion.
22. Use diagrams to describe the sub-structure of the atom.
23. Identify elements using their atomic numbers. Describe atoms using their atomic numbers and mass numbers. Solve problems using nuclear symbolism. Describe the electron energy levels in an atom.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 3.1
Ions and ionic bonding
24. Use knowledge of the electron configuration of atoms to explain how ions form by gaining or losing electrons.
25. Examine the stable electron configuration of noble gases and explain the stability of the ions of other elements in terms of noble gas structures. Relate these ideas to the periodic table.
26. Draw Lewis diagrams of atoms and ions.
27. Use Lewis diagrams to explain how sodium chloride forms from its elements. Describe ionic compounds in terms of their constituent ions.
28. Solve problems involving the formulae of ionic compounds.
29. Write ionic equations to show that metals react with non-metals to form ionic compounds.
30. Apply nomenclature rules to name a variety of ionic compounds.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 3.2 / Chapter 3
21. 53
22. 53-54
23. 54 - 56
Revision 3.1
Page 57
Chapter 3
24. 57-59
25. 59-61
26. 59-62
27. 61-62
28. 62-63
29. 61-63
30. 63-64
Revision 3.2
Page 65
5 / Molecules and covalent bonding
31. Describe molecules as particles which can move independently of each other.
32. Distinguish between molecules containing one atom (the noble gases) and molecules with more than one atom.
33. Describe the formation of covalent molecules in terms of sharing of electrons.
34. Apply Lewis electron dot structures to the electron sharing in some simple molecules.
35. Analyse information by constructing or using models showing the structure of metals, ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
36. Apply systematic naming of inorganic compounds as they are introduced in the laboratory.
4. Chemical Extraction
Physical and chemical change
37. Identify the differences between physical and chemical change in terms of rearrangement of particles.
38. Summarise the differences between the boiling and electrolysis of water as an example of the difference between physical and chemical change.
39. Gather information using first-hand or secondary sources to observe the electrolysis of water and analyse the information provided as evidence that water is a compound and identify an application of the use of this reaction.
40. Analyse and present information to model the boiling of water and the electrolysis of water tracing the movements of and changes in arrangements of molecules.
41. Gather and present information from first-hand or secondary sources to write equations to represent chemical reactions. / Molecules and covalent bonding
31. Define the term molecule and distinguish molecules from ions and atoms.
32. Use model kits to examine types of elemental molecules with different numbers of atoms per molecule.
33. Investigate how sharing electrons can lead to stable octets in the valence shell.
34. Draw Lewis diagrams to show covalent bond formation.
35. Use molecular model kits to compare and contrast the structures of metals, ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 3.1- Analysing crystal structures
36. Use IUPAC nomenclature rules to name covalent molecular compounds.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 3.3
Physical and chemical change
37. Demonstrate the difference between a physical and chemical change by gently heating sulfur till it melts to form a clear yellow liquid and then heating it strongly till it turns red-brown. Summarise the differences between physical and chemical change.
38. Use particle diagrams to compare the boiling and electrolysis of water. Determine which process involves a physical change and which a chemical change.
39. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 4.1 - Investigating the electrolysis of water
Identify a use for this decomposition reaction.
40. DATA ANALYSIS 4.4 - Boiling and electrolysing water. Process the supplied data.
41.Practice writing equations for the relevant processes or reactions in this chapter.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 4.1 / Chapter 3
31. 43, 65- 66
32. 65-66
33. 66
34. 66- 68
35. 72-73
36. 69
Revision 3.3
Page 70
Chapter 4
37. 75-77
38. 88-89
39.84-85
40.88-89
41. 78
CD Animated object 2- Boiling and electrolysing water
Revision 4.1
Pages 78-79
CD- CHECKPOINT REVISION - Chapters 1,2 and 3 / CD Checkpoint revision of Chapters 1,2 & 3.
6 / 4. Chemical Extraction
Energy and chemical change
42. Identify light, heat and electricity as the common forms of energy that may be released or absorbed during the decomposition or synthesis of substances and identify examples of these changes occurring in everyday life.
43. Explain that the amount of energy needed to separate atoms in a compound is an indication of the strength of the attraction, or bond, between them.
44. Plan and safely perform a first-hand investigation to show the decomposition of a carbonate by heat, using appropriate tests to identify carbon dioxide and the oxide as the products of the reaction.
45. Gather information using first-hand or secondary sources to observe the effect of light on silver salts and identify an application of the use of this reaction. / Energy and chemical change
42. Demonstrate how heat can cause the decomposition of compounds such as copper carbonate. Identify other examples of energy sources such as electricity and light that can also cause decomposition. Burn steel wool in oxygen or chlorine to demonstrate that heat is necessary to synthesise compounds.
43. Use tabular information to compare the strengths of chemical bonds and therefore the amount of energy need to break these bonds.
44. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 4.2 - Thermal decomposition of magnesium carbonate
DATA ANALYSIS 4.5 Investigating the purity of limestone by thermal decomposition.
45. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 4.3 -Effect of light on silver halide salts
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 4.2 / Chapter 4
42. 79-81
43. 81-82
44. 85-86
89-90
45. 87-88
Revision 4.2
Pages 82-83
7 / 5. Bonding and Structure
Properties and classification
46. Identify differences between physical and chemical properties of elements, compounds and mixtures.
47. Describe the physical properties used to classify compounds as ionic or covalent molecular or covalent network.
48. Perform a first-hand investigation to compare the properties of some common elements in their elemental state with the properties of the compound(s) of these elements (eg magnesium and oxygen).
Lattices
49. Distinguish between metallic, ionic and covalent bonds.
50. Describe metals as threedimensional lattices of ions in a sea of electrons.
51. Describe ionic compounds in terms of repeating three-dimensional lattices of ions.
52. Explain why the formula for an ionic compound is an empirical formula.
53. Identify common elements that exist as molecules or as covalent lattices.
54. Explain the relationship between the properties of conductivity and hardness and the structure of ionic, covalent molecular and covalent network structures.
55. Choose resources and process information from secondary sources to construct and discuss the limitations of models of ionic lattices, covalent molecules and covalent and metallic lattices.
56. Perform an investigation to examine the physical properties of a range of common substances in order to classify them as metallic, ionic or covalent molecular or covalent network substances and relate their characteristics to their uses. / Properties and classification
46. Use tabulated information to distinguish between the properties of two elements and the compound formed from these elements.
47. Develop a key to classify compounds into three classes- ionic, covalent network and covalent molecular , based on their properties.
48. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 5.1- Comparing the properties of a compound and its component elements.
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 5.1
Lattices
49. Recall the similarities and differences between metallic, ionic and covalent bonds.
50. Use tabulated data to develop a model of the metallic crystal in terms of ions and delocalised electrons. Use this model to explain the properties of a metallic lattice.
51. Use particle diagrams and models to describe an ionic lattice.
52. Use examples to show that the formula of an ionic compound is an empirical formula.
53. Identify a range of elements (eg oxygen, nitrogen , sulfur and phosphorus) that exist as molecules and other elements (eg graphite) that exist as covalent lattices.
54. Classify lattices according to their conductivity and hardness. Develop a key to classify lattices
55. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 5.2- Modelling crystal lattices
56. DATA ANALYSIS 5.3 - Comparing the properties of crystals
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set 5.2 / Chapter 5
46. 92
47. 93
48. 102-103
Revision 5.1
Page 94
49. 95, 59, 64
50- 95
51. 96
52. 96-97
53. 97-99
54. 98-99
55. 103-104
56 104-105
Revision 5.2
Page 100
8 / GENERAL REVISION / CD- Preliminary MODULE 1 - REVISION QUESTIONS - Chapters 1,2,3,4,5
Use the supplied set of questions to revise all of Module 1.
15 Multiple Choice and 20 open-ended questions in the style of the HSC are available.
Model answers are available on the CD.
CD- MODULE 1 REVISION SET
Two sets of ten short and long answer questions based on Module 1.
Set 1- Mixtures, extraction and gravimetric analysis
Set 2- Formulae, Lewis diagrams and lattices
Model answers are supplied
CD- MODULE 1 PROBLEM SOLVING SETS
Two problem-solving worksheets are available.
Set 1- Chemical formulae and nomenclature
Set 2- Writing and balancing chemical equations
Worked answers are supplied. / CD Preliminary MODULE 1
REVISION QUESTIONS
REVISION SET
PROBLEM SOLVING SETS