Horticulture 335 STUDY EXAM

Horticulture 335 STUDY EXAM

[Take home, open note, open book, but not open friend or classmate; it needs to be your own work]

Questions 1-21 are 16 points each; 22-28 are 15 points, and 29-57 are worth 2 points each for a total of 501 points.

This study exam contains questions that will require several sentences of writing; others will take a large space or entire page for diagrams. You are expected to demonstrate your ability to converse about these concepts, and articulate your understanding of them with someone, not just give truncated answers.

Please prepare a .doc or .docx file of the exam with links to web sites that pertain to the questions, as well as references to the pages in the AIFD Guide. You will turn the exam in online, not as a hard copy.

Using The AIFD Guide to Floral Design, and web resources, please answer the following questions:

1. Please contrast in your own words the difference between “Periods of Design”, and “Art Movements.”

1. Please explain how a historical perspective of design can help floral designers today to accurately meet the needs of their customers.

1. Please explain why it is necessary for a floral designer to understand botanical terms and the physiology of plants and flowers.

1. What is “binomial nomenclature,” and what is the purpose and methodology of plant classification?

1. Please explain the “pre-treatment” of flowers, and name at least three different treatments that may be used during post harvest handling of flowers.

1. Please describe in detail the process of conditioning flowers, or the basic care and handling procedures that flowers should receive when being prepared for retail sales.

1. Should flower stems be cut underwater? Please explain in detail the process of cutting stems.
   
2. Please explain the use of fresh flower food, what it is composed of, and what each component does to extend vase life of flowers.
   
3. What temperature and humidity should be achieved in storage for most cut flowers?

1. Name three tropical flowers, and explain what should be different in their care and handling, and the temperature of a cooler, as compared with temperate flowers.

1. Elements and Principles of Design are involved in all floral compositions. Please clarify the difference between “elements” and “principles,” and explain how they guide a floral artist through the design process.

1. Please list the elements of design, and include a sample and description.

1. Please list the principles of design, including a sample and description

1. Please select one principle of design and determine what types and uses of flowers (such as filler, form, line, mass)may portray that principle in a floral composition. Please diagram, draw, or use some form of graphic illustration to explain. Also please include the names of the flowers you would suggest for this composition.

1. Please name 20 cut flowers or foliage from the BYUI cooler this semester, including the common and scientific name

1. Please explain how the technical components of a design can affect its final appearance, by applying design techniques, mechanics, and faux finishes.

1. Please explain the gauges of wire typically used in the floral industry, and the comparative ribbon sizes.

1. Please explain the concept of marketing with a Dutch Auction, contrasted with the typical American style auction. Consider the function of the “auction clock” in your answer.

1. Please draw and label a diagram of the lily flower.

You should include and label the following flower parts: Petal, bud, sepal, receptacle, Pistil (including stigma, style, and ovary) Stamen (including anther and filament), and explain why the anthers are usually removed from a lily before insertion in a bouquet. (two reasons)

1. Please diagram a color wheel, and label all primary, secondary, and tertiary colors. Also label and use actual color names to explain the following color harmonies: Monochromatic, Analogous, Triadic, Complementary, Split Complementary, and Polychromatic.

1. How have cultures influenced the various styles of floral composition?

From our discussions in class, and using web resources, please answer the following

1. Please diagram and explain the difference between disbudding and pinching for the production of potted and cut flowers.

1. Please explain what influences the location of floral production, the type of flowers produced throughout the world, and who is growing them.

1. How do climate, geographical location, and elevation influence the production of cut flowers?

1. Please explain the difference between a warm and a cool color, and how colors can influence our feelings.

1. What is rose attar? (remember, more than just a sentence here—web sites, pictures…)

1. Please indicate the primary country of origin of Raffia. (elaborate and expand on what I told you in class—more about the palm tree, the people who harvest it, how they make the raffia…)

1. Explain the use of the following floral tools and products:

Side snip spring loaded wire cutter, kenzan,polyfoil, pan glue, water tube, arrive alive® by Chrysal, bullion wire.

Mulitiple Choice Review Questions

29. The greek period is also known as the ______period.

a. crassaic

b. classical

c. jurassic

d.maniacal [2]

30. In the Renaissance period, flowers are used in the artwork to represent

a. mythological beings

b. religious symbolism

c. anthropomorphism

d. famous artists[2]

31. Egyptian period art shows a flower that occurs along the Nile river used quite

frequently in designs of that time period. It is a ______

a. cycad

b. lotus

c. lythrum

d. liriope[2]

32. William Hogarth, responsible for the introduction of the “Hogarth,” or “S” curve,

penning the words “straight is the line of duty, curved is the line of beauty,” a

contemporary of Bosschaert, Brueghel, and other artists, is representative of what

historical period?

a. Neoclassical

b. Baroque

c. Renaissance

d. Classical[2]

33. Floral designs that were considered “Open and Airy” in their construction, with a

definite feminine appearance, and landscape sculptural shrubs or “topiaries” were from

which periods?

a. Flemish

b. French

c. Classical

d. Turkish[2]

34. The Victorian era was one of sentiment in which “posy holders” were used to

a. transport flowers to the grave site

b. hold small bouquets used to convey messages between lovers

c. hold buckets of flowers to hand out at social events

d. stand in the wedding line holding baskets of flowers [2]

35. A “short day” plant is induced into flowering by artificially providing

a. low light

b. long nights

c. high light

d. short nights [2]

36. Respiration is decreased in a flower by decreasing

a. translocation

b. temperature

c. turgor pressure

d. refrigeration [2]

37. Improper filling of floral foam by holding it underwater causes:

a. cavitation of the water in the foam

b. air pockets to form in the foam

c. the foam to explode into small pieces

d. over-saturation of the pore spaces in the foam [2]

38. The “nosegay,” also called a “tuzziemuzzie,” a small hand-held bouquet of

fragrant flowers, was introduced during which period?

a. Elizabethan

b. Georgian

c. Victorian

d. Gregorian [2]

39. The colors yellow green, red orange, and blue violet refer to ______color

harmony?

a. complementary

b. triadic

c. mosaic

d. contemporary [2]

40. LINE-MASS Describes:

a. how much floral material can be placed in a line.

b. the American or western style of arranging.

c. the formation of people awaiting a religious service.

d. the ratio of long-stemmed flowers to short-stemmed flowers. [2]

41 Complementary Harmony relates to:

a. the relationship between florists in a small town.

b. the combination of two hues adjacent on a color wheel.

c. the combination of two hues directly opposite on a color wheel.

d. any hue that matches the surrounding colors. [2]

42. "Breaking the edge" of a container refers to:

a. chipping the top rim of a marble vase for a rustic appearance.

b. cracks caused in a ceramic vase by overweight flower stems.

c. placement of foliage to hang over and below the rim of the vase.

d. taping and securing floral foam inside of a vase or bowl. [2]

43. Roses of very high quality are currently being imported to the USA from:

a. Chile, Argentina, Slovakia

b. Greece, Bulgaria, Nigeria, South Africa

c. Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica

d. Honduras, Guiana, Belize, Macedonia [2]

44. A floral wire that is 26 gauge would be thicker and heavier than a wire with a

gauge measuring

a. 20 b. 28 c. 24 d. 22 [2]

45. Monochromatic harmony [2]

a. is the use of test swatches to determine the correct color for an office

b. is the use of one color, with tints shades or tones in a bouquet

c. is the use of one sample bouquet in a sales presentation

d. is the use of at least three tints, shades or tones of a primary color

46. polychromatic harmony-- [2]

a. is the combination of ten different colors and fragrances for a client

b. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet

c. is the combined arrangement of flowers and food, particularly crackers

d. is the use of three primary colors in a floral bouquet

47. analogous harmony-- [2]

a. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet

b. is the use of hues in a design that are adjacent to each other

c. is the combination of a customer’s favorite flowers and colors

d. is the use of three primary colors in a floral bouquet

48. triadic harmony--

a. is the use of three or more groups of color in a bouquet

b. is the use of three equally separated colors in a bouquet

c. is the use of more than three primary colors in a floral bouqet

d. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet [2]

49. A polystem artificial flower is made of

a. wire and paper welded to the flower petals

b. wire molded inside of plastic, inserted into fabric and plastic parts

c. many wires and wooden stems in a vase

d. many molded leaves and flower petals applied with glue to wire[2]

50. Handwrap artificial flowers are

a. wire and paper welded to the flower petals

b. wire and floral tape holding the petals and leaves together

c. wire molded inside of plastic, inserted into fabric and plastic parts

d. many molded leaves and flower petals applied with glue to wire[2]

51. Three advantages of using silk flowers are:

a. they are flexible, they can be used as antennae, they are inexpensive

b. they are flexible, they don’t require water, they last a long time

c. they are flexible, they get boring, they are very expensive

d. they are flexible, they last forever, they are more realistic [2]

52. Two disadvantages of using artificial flowers are:

a. they are very expensive, they smell strongly of formaldehyde

b. they get boring, they can fall apart and fray on the edges

c. they get boring, they stay clean forever

d. they are so cheap they are embarrassing to use, they are flexible [2]

53. Flowers can be dried by:

a. pressing, blending, baking, cementing

b. pressing, hanging, freeze-drying, covering with sand

c. pressing, shredding, covering with detergent, freezing

d. pressing, hanging, boiling, refrigerating [2]

54. Foliages and some flowers are often preserved in

a. hand lotion or antifreeze

b. glycerin or propylene glycol

c. glycogen or antifreeze

d. antifreeze or carbonic acid [2]

55. Wire is sized in gauges, indicated by the following numbers

a. 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30

b. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28

c. 12, 16, 22, 26, 32, 36, 42

d. 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46 [2]

56. Most common floral ribbon is

a. satin acetate, fused edge, 600 count

b. satin acetate, fused edge, 200 count

c. silkpolysorbitol, fused edge, 15 count

d. acrylic resin, molded edge, 250 count [2]

57. Disbudding produces the following type of flower:

a. storkbill

b. standard

c. stippled

d. spray [2]

58. Pinching off the terminal bud of a flowering plant produces a stem of

a. spackled flowers

b. spray flowers

c. standard flowers

d. specimen flowers [2]