Honors Physics Final Exam Study Guide

HONORS PHYSICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

ANSWERS TO ALL PRACTICE PROBLEMS CAN BE FOUND AT www.physicsclassroom.com in

THE PHYSICS CLASSROOM TUTORIAL section.

IF A LINK IS BROKEN OR YOU WOULD LIKE EXTRA PRACTICE, IT CAN BE FOUND AT www.physicsclassroom.com in the

· MULTIMEDIA PHYSICS STUDIOS,

· MINDS ON PHYSICS (MOPS) INTERNET MODULES,

· THE CALCULATOR PAD, and the

· REVIEW SESSION.

One Dimensional Kinematics - Chapter Outline

Lesson 1 : Describing Motion with Words

a. Introduction to the Language of Kinematics (define mechanics, kinematics, READ ON TUTORIAL)

b. Scalars and Vectors (define each, ID quantities as scalar or vector, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

c. Distance and Displacement (differentiate between, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

d. Speed and Velocity (differentiate between, instantaneous vs. average, calculate each, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

e. Acceleration (define; calculate from data tables, graphs, word problems; understand direction of acceleration

vector, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

Lesson 2 : Describing Motion with Diagrams

a. Introduction to Diagrams (analyze ticker tape or “oil drop” and vector diagrams, READ ON TUTORIAL)

b. Ticker Tape Diagrams (analyze “oil drop” diagrams and use to describe motion of objects, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

c. Vector Diagrams (analyze vector diagrams and use to describe motion of objects, READ ON TUTORIAL)

Lesson 3 : Describing Motion with Position vs. Time Graphs

a. The Meaning of Shape for a p-t Graph (relate shape of slope to description of motion, link broken)

b. The Meaning of Slope for a p-t Graph (calculate slope and use to describe motion of objects, link broken)

c. Determining the Slope on a p-t Graph (calculate slope to calculate velocity, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

Lesson 4 : Describing Motion with Velocity vs. Time Graphs

a. The Meaning of Shape for a v-t Graph (constant vs. changing velocity, direction of velocity, velocity vs. acceleration,

PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

b. The Meaning of Slope for a v-t Graph (slope of v-t graph is acceleration, link broken)

c. Relating the Shape to the Motion (use shape of line to describe motion, link broken)

d. Determining the Slope on a v-t Graph (calculate slope, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

e. Determining the Area on a v-t Graph (Determine area of a rectangle, square, triangle, relate area to height, link

broken)

Lesson 5 : Free Fall and the Acceleration of Gravity

a. Introduction to Free Fall (define, know rate of free-fall on Earth, READ ON TUTORIAL)

b. The Acceleration of Gravity (g, know acceleration due to gravity on Earth, link broken)

c. Representing Free Fall by Graphs (recognize free fall on P-T and V-T graphs, READ ON TUTORIAL)

d. How Fast? and How Far? (calculate how far an object will fall in a certain time, calculate final velocity of free falling

object in certain time, vf = g * t, READ IN TUTORIAL)

e. The Big Misconception (know the answer to “doesn't a more massive object accelerate at a greater rate than a

less massive object?” READ ON TUTORIAL)

Lesson 6 : Describing Motion with Equations

a. The Kinematic Equations (Kinematics equations will be on reference, no need to memorize, READ ON TUTORIAL)

b. Kinematic Equations and Problem-Solving (utilize the FIVE problem-solving strategies, READ ON TUTORIAL)

c. Kinematic Equations and Free Fall (know conceptual characteristics of free fall motion, READ ON TUTORIAL)

d. Sample Problems and Solutions (Solve problems using kinematics equations, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

e. Kinematic Equations and Graphs (Sketch graphs on motion, analyze graphs and solve kinematics problems,

PRACTICE ON WEBSITE)

All of these questions can be CHECKED on the Physics Classroom tutorial.

One Dimensional Kinematics

LESSON 1B: Scalars and Vectors

Categorize each quantity as being either a vector or a scalar. Click the button to see the answer. Check your answers on the website.

Quantity / Category
a. 5 m
b. 30 m/sec, East
c. 5 mi., North
d. 20 degrees Celsius
e. 256 bytes
f. 4000 Calories

LESSON 1c: Distance and Displacement

Determine the DISTANCE traveled and the DISPLACEMENT for each example. Check answers on website.

Distance = ______Displacement = ______Distance = ______Displacement = ______

Distance = ______Displacement = ______

What is the displacement of the cross-country team if they begin at the school, run 10 miles and finish back at the school?

What is the distance and the displacement of the race car drivers in the Indy 500?

LESSON 1d: Speed and Velocity

Q: While on vacation, Lisa Carr traveled a total distance of 440 miles. Her trip took 8 hours. What was her average speed?

Q: Use the diagram to determine the average speed and the average velocity of the skier during these three minutes.

SEE IF YOUR ANSWERS ARE CORRECT ON THE PHYSICS CLASSROOM TUTORIAL!!!

What is the coach's average speed and average velocity?

LESSON 1e: Acceleration

Use the equation for acceleration to determine the acceleration for the following two motions.

LESSON 2b: TICKER TAPE DIAGRAMS

Analyze the following ticker tape diagrams.

1. /
2. /
3. /

LESSON 3c: Determining slope on a P-T graph

Determine the velocity (i.e., slope) of the object as portrayed by the graph below.

SEE IF YOUR ANSWERS ARE CORRECT ON THE PHYSICS CLASSROOM TUTORIAL!!!

LESSON 4a: The Meaning of Shape for a V-T Graph

Consider the graph at the right. The object whose motion is represented by this graph is ... (include all that are true):

a. moving in the positive direction.

b. moving with a constant velocity.

c. moving with a negative velocity.

d. slowing down.

e. changing directions.

f. speeding up.

g. moving with a positive acceleration.

h. moving with a constant acceleration.

LESSON 4d: Describing Motion with V-T Graphs

Consider the velocity-time graph below. Determine the acceleration (i.e., slope) of the object as portrayed by the graph. Click the button to check your answer.

LESSON 6D: Kinematics Sample Problems

An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts off the ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds for a distance of 110 m. Determine the acceleration of the car.

Upton Chuck is riding the Giant Drop at Great America. If Upton free falls for 2.6 seconds, what will be his final velocity and how far will he fall?

A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.

A feather is dropped on the moon from a height of 1.40 meters. The acceleration of gravity on the moon is 1.67 m/s2. Determine the time for the feather to fall to the surface of the moon.

Rocket-powered sleds are used to test the human response to acceleration. If a rocket-powered sled is accelerated to a speed of 444 m/s in 1.8 seconds, then what is the acceleration and what is the distance that the sled travels?

Newton's Laws - Chapter Outline

Lesson 1: Newton's First Law of Motion

a. Newton's First Law (Define, apply to real-world situations, READ ON TUTORIAL)

b. Inertia and Mass (know relationship between, gravitational and frictional influences, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL

c. State of Motion (define inertia, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

d. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces (Forces cause accelerations, not motions; ID balanced & unbalanced forces, define

equilibrium, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

Lesson 2: Force and Its Representation

a. The Meaning of Force (define force, identify common forces Ffrict, Fnorm, Fgrav, etc, READ ON TUTORIAL)

b. Types of Forces (identify common forces Ffrict, Fnorm, Fgrav, etc, link broken)

c. Drawing Free-Body Diagrams (understand free-body diagrams show forces, not motions; draw free-body diagrams for

real-world situations, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

d. Determining the Net Force (define net force, analyze diagrams to determine of net force exists, analyze free-body

diagrams to determine if net force exists, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

Lesson 3 : Newton's Second Law of Motion

a. Newton's Second Law (define, link broken)

b. The Big Misconception (know the answer to, “does sustaining a motion require a continued force?”, READ ON

TUTORIAL, Take “quiz” to see if you are infected with the misconception)

c. Finding Acceleration (The three major equations that will be useful are the equation for net force (Fnet = m•a), the

equation for gravitational force (Fgrav = m•g), and the equation for frictional force (Ffrict = μ•Fnorm), PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL).

d. Finding Individual Forces (find sum of individual forces acting on a object, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

e. Free Fall and Air Resistance (determine net force and net acceleration, define terminal velocity. PRACTICE ON

TUTORIAL)

f. Double Trouble (a.k.a., Two Body Problems) (will not be covered)

Lesson 4 : Newton's Third Law of Motion

a. Newton's Third Law (define, compare forces apply to real-world problems, PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

b. Identifying Action and Reaction Force Pairs (ID action and reaction pairs. PRACTICE ON TUTORIAL)

Newton's Laws

LESSON 1b: Inertia and Mass

Imagine a place in the cosmos far from all gravitational and frictional influences. Suppose that you visit that place (just suppose) and throw a rock. The rock will a. gradually stop. b. continue in motion in the same direction at constant speed.

A 2-kg object is moving horizontally with a speed of 4 m/s. How much net force is required to keep the object moving at this speed and in this direction?

Mac and Tosh are arguing in the cafeteria. Mac says that if he flings the Jell-O with a greater speed it will have a greater inertia. Tosh argues that inertia does not depend upon speed, but rather upon mass. Who do you agree with? Explain why.

Supposing you were in space in a weightless environment, would it require a force to set an object in motion?

Fred spends most Sunday afternoons at rest on the sofa, watching pro football games and consuming large

quantities of food. What effect (if any) does this practice have upon his inertia? Explain.

MORE ON TUTORIAL!

LESSON 1c: State of MOTION

A group of physics teachers is taking some time off for a little putt-putt golf. The 15th hole at the Hole-In-One Putt-Putt Golf Course has a large metal rim that putters must use to guide their ball towards the hole. Mr. S guides a golf ball around the metal rim When the ball leaves the rim, which path (1, 2, or 3) will the golf ball follow?

A 4.0-kg object is moving across a friction-free surface with a constant velocity of 2 m/s. Which one of the following horizontal forces is necessary to maintain this state of motion?

a. 0 N / b. 0.5 N / c. 2.0 N / d. 8.0 N
a. depends on the speed.
LESSON 1d: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
Luke Autbeloe drops an approximately 5.0 kg fat cat (weight = 50.0 N) off the roof of his house into the swimming pool below. Upon encountering the pool, the cat encounters a 50.0 N upward resistance force (assumed to be constant). Use this description to answer the following questions. Click the button to view the correct answers.
1. Which one of the velocity-time graphs best describes the motion of the cat? Support your answer with sound reasoning.

2. Which one of the following dot diagrams best describes the motion of the falling cat from the time that they are dropped to the time that they hit the bottom of the pool? The arrows on the diagram represent the point at which the cat hits the water. Support your answer with sound reasoning.

3. Several of Luke's friends were watching the motion of the falling cat. Being "physics types", they began discussing the motion and made the following comments. Indicate whether each of the comments is correct or incorrect? Support your answers.
a. Once the cat hits the water, the forces are balanced and the cat will stop.
b. Upon hitting the water, the cat will accelerate upwards because the water applies an upward force.
c. Upon hitting the water, the cat will bounce upwards due to the upward force.
4. If the forces acting upon an object are balanced, then the object
a. must not be moving.
b. must be moving with a constant velocity.
c. must not be accelerating.
d. none of these
LESSON 2c: Free Body Diagrams
A book is at rest on a tabletop. Diagram the forces acting on the book.
A girl is suspended motionless from the ceiling by two ropes. Diagram the forces acting on the combination of girl and bar.
An egg is free-falling from a nest in a tree. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the egg as it is falling.
A flying squirrel is gliding (no wing flaps) from a tree to the ground at constant velocity. Consider air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the squirrel.
A rightward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a desk with a rightward acceleration. Consider frictional forces. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the book.
MORE ON TUTORIAL

LESSON 3c: Finding Acceleration

An applied force of 50 N is used to accelerate an object to the right across a frictional surface. The object encounters 10 N of friction. Use the diagram to determine the normal force, the net force, the mass, and the acceleration of the object. (Neglect air resistance.)

An applied force of 20 N is used to accelerate an object to the right across a frictional surface. The object encounters 10 N of friction. Use the diagram to determine the normal force, the net force, the coefficient of friction (μ) between the object and the surface, the mass, and the acceleration of the object. (Neglect air resistance.)