081a.Matter&Elements.doc1 of 1

01/23/14

Resources:Table salt & sea salt
New & old pennies / balances (2)
Penny pieces / spot plate / web cam / HCl

Homework: Read 38-44 / Q 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 p60

Bell Work:Hand out TOE & PT

  1. Matter reprise (take notes now)
  2. Matter isn’t energy (except that it is)
  3. Matter has mass
  4. Matter made of atoms
  5. Kinds of Matter
  6. Pure Substances: single substance with “definite properties” (always the same)
  7. Mixtures: combination of substances with indefinite properties
  8. Example:
  9. ALL pure salt (sodium chloride) tastes the same, dissolves the same and boils and melts the same
  10. “Sea Salt” is random combination of sodium chloride and whatever else is dissolved in the ocean — so different sea salts taste different, etc
  11. Demo: taste test table salt versus sea salt
  12. “PURE” sea salt isn’t PURE! (in the chemical sense)
  13. Only two kinds of pure substances: elements & compounds
  14. Elements: Relatively rare – but known to the ancients as special materials (like gold & silver)
  15. Substance with all one kind of atom
  16. Atoms are smallest building blocks of ordinary matter
  17. Atoms have nucleus with Ps and Ns, with cloud of Es outside (sketch reminder)
  18. Atoms in nature come in 88 “flavors” depending on number of protons
  19. Atomic “Menu”: Periodic Table

1)Hand out Periodic Tables

2)Have S pick number 1-100 and find that element on PT, explaining that “atomic number” = number of protons (refer to Key) and emphasizing that ALL ATOMS of that element have SAME number of protons!

3)Updates – see PT.updates.ppt (Copernicium, Flerovium, Livermorium, Ununseptium)

  1. Therefore, element cannot be broken down into simpler substances (with chemical means) — one type of atom is as simple as it gets! Purest of the pure!
  1. Each element has its own definite (always the same) chemical and physical properties — Penny Example
  2. Physical: Weigh 10 old & new pennies
  3. Chemical: add HCL to piece of new and old penny on spot plate or small tt
  4. Zinc (find on PT) is less dense than copper (find on PT) and reacts with HCl — which penny is made of zinc?
  5. ADOPT-AN-ATOM:
  6. Every student finds an element that they recognize or has an interesting name
  7. Write down and box in notebook – you’ll be using these later!
  8. Write down how many protons your element has (ask for examples)
  9. Chicken-and-Egg Problem: If elements are simplest building blocks, where did they come from?
  10. Hydrogen, helium and (a little) lithium from BB
  11. Other elements up through Fe made inside stars
  12. Everything else from supernovae