Homework Assignment #3

Homework Assignment #3

Chapters: 11, 12 & 13

Multiple Choice. Fill in the one letter that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The media relate to cultural change by

A) restricting it.

B) focusing it.

C) shaping it.

D) reflecting it.

E) both reflecting and shaping it

1. The belief that the media should not question the government or its policies iscommon in

A) authoritarian states.

B) democratic governments.

C) republican governments.

D) liberal states.

E) conservative states.

1. This Federal Communication Commission rule requires offering equal airtime inthe broadcast media for all major candidates competing for political office. It isthe

A) neutrality doctrine.

B) right of the rebuttal.

C) equalization law.

D) fairness doctrine.

E) equal time rule.

1. The publication of false and malicious material that defames an individual’sreputation is generally referred to as

A) yellow journalism.

B) muckraking.

C) defamation.

D) libel.

E) slander.

1. A public appearance by a governmental official for the purpose of releasinginformation to the press is generally referred to as a

A) press release.

B) news briefing.

C) photo op.

D) news conference.

E) cabinet briefing.

1. When the media acts as to put specific events into a broader historical context,they are performing their

A) entertainment function.

B) surveillance function.

C) interpretation function.

D) socialization function.

E) evaluation function.

1. What event is often credited with reviving modern investigative reporting?

A) The Vietnam War

B) The Watergate scandal

C) The Great Depression

D) The Iraq War

E) The Iran-Contra Scandal

1. According to a 2008 PewResearchCenter survey, the group most likely to goonline for news are

A) people under 30.

B) people between 30 and 49.

C) people 50 and over.

D) people over 30.

E) anyone; there is no difference in online access by age.

1. Presidential election returns were broadcast over the radio airwaves for the firsttime in

A) 1908.

B) 1912.

C) 1916.

D) 1920.

E) 1924.

1. The practice of featuring sensationalism, comics, and scandal to sell papers wasreferred to as

A) yellow journalism.

B) tabloid tales.

C) red baiting.

D) scare mongering.

E) scandal sells.

1. Earned media coverage refers to

A) airtime provided free of charge to candidates running for political office.

B) events that appear to be spontaneous but are in fact staged and scripted by

public relations experts.

C) featuring of specific store in the media in order to focus attention on

specific issues.

D) determining which stories will receive attention in the media and from

which perspective they will be covered.

E) process by which the media normalizes some facts and positions them

within the broader political culture.

1. The belief that a free press is a necessary tool to keep the government in line isheld by

A) authoritarian states.

B) democratic governments.

C) republican governments.

D) liberal states.

E) conservative states.

1. The first newspaper published in what would become the United States was the

A) Wall Street Journal.

B) New York Sun.

C) Boston News-Letter.

D) Boston Globe.

E) Philadelphia Gazette.

1. In early America, political protest was

A) a rare occurrence.

B) a common occurrence.

C) limited to the southern colonies.

D) usually led by freed slaves.

E) Reflective of social rather than economic interests.

1. John Locke’s _____ theory holds that people set up government for the veryspecific purpose of protecting natural rights.

A) social contract

B) communal contract

C) general relativity

D) democratic peace

E) just government

1. Slavery in the United States was made illegal by

A) executive order of the President.

B) the Congressional Anti-Slave Act of 1836.

C) the Thirteenth Amendment.

D) the Fourteenth Amendment.

E) the Fifteenth Amendment.

1. The social and political movement that advocates the belief in the inherentequality of men and women is

A) feminism.

B) postmodernism.

C) liberalism.

D) reformism.

E) radicalism.

1. The Equal Rights Amendment was

A) approved by the Congress and ratified by the states

B) never ratified.

C) declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.

D) vetoed by the president.

E) Enacted by Congress.

1. The prohibition movement grew out of the earlier

A) temperance movement.

B) civil rights movement.

C) women’s suffrage movement.

D) anti-Civil War movement.

E) unionization movement.

1. Collectively, the host of reform programs that flourished in the United Statesbetween the 1890s and World War I were the

A) Progressive Movement.

B) Reform Movement.

C) Equal Rights Movement.

D) Liberalization Movement.

E) Conservatives.

1. The development of the eight hour work day and restrictions on the use of childlabor imposed in the early part of the twentieth century were primarily the resultof

A) political reforms developed and implemented by Congressional elites.

B) popular protests against inhumane working conditions.

C) reforms developed by the NAM.

D) pressure by unions like the AFL.

E) all of the above.

1. A professional organization that represents the interest of members of a particularindustry is a

A) trade association.

B) labor union.

C) membership association.

D) social club.

E) federal agency.

1. Evangelical Christians became disillusioned with President _____ because of hisliberal views on such issues as women’s rights, abortion, and school prayer.

A) George H. W. Bush

B) Harry Truman

C) Ronald Reagan

D) Jimmy Carter

E) George W. Bush

1. The escaped slave who traveled the world speaking about the horrors andinjustices of slavery and served as an advisor to President Lincoln was

A) Frederick Douglass.

B) W.E.B. du Bois.

C) Harriet Tubman.

D) Dred Scott.

E) Sojourner Truth.

1. Americans tend to rely on _____ to resolve issues involving the protection ofunpopular speech.

A) the president

B) the legislature

C) the judiciary

D) public opinion

E) locally elected officials

1. In totalitarian systems, lobbying, activism, protest, and other forms of politicalengagement among citizens are always

A) strongly encouraged.

B) encouraged.

C) neither encouraged nor discouraged.

D) somewhat limited.

E) severely limited.

1. The campaign to end slavery was more commonly known as the campaign for

A) abolition.

B) absolution.

C) segregation.

D) suffrage.

E) prohibition.

1. The WCTU campaigned for

A) abolition.

B) peace.

C) women’s suffrage.

D) African American civil rights.

E) prohibition.

1. In order to weaken the power of the political elite in the United States,Progressives demanded

A) a direct primary system

B) reforms of the civil service

C) the introduction of the secret ballot

D) measures to limit the power of political parties.

E) all of the above.

1. During the Revolutionary Era, activists in America heavily relied on _____ to winsupport for proposed policy reforms.

A) personal contact and local networking

B) newspapers

C) elected officials

D) radio

E) none of the above

1. In 1992, the organization _____ launched a program of street teams that workedin communities across the country to coordinate get-out-the vote drives focusingon young voters.

A) Rock the Vote

B) Democracy Now

C) Reform Now

D) People for Democracy

E) Union of Concerned Scientists

1. The American Anti-Slavery Society was founded by

A) Frederick Douglas and William Lloyd Garrison.

B) William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan.

C) James Watson and Francis Crick.

D) Lucretia Mott and Martha Wright.

E) George Washington Carver and Thomas Edison.

1. A group of like-minded individuals who band together to influence public policy,public opinion, or governmental officials is known as a(n)

A) interest group.

B) political party.

C) political action committee.

D) reform movement.

E) 527.

1. LULAC won a number of important successes that have advanced the civil rightsand liberties of _____ Americans.

A) female

B) Irish

C) Hispanic

D) Italian

E) Chinese

1. When an interest group launches a campaign to bring otherwise ignored issues tothe public attention, it is performing its function of

A) providing a means for political participation.

B) representing the general interest.

C) educating the public.

D) building agendas.

E) serving as a government watchdog.

1. David Truman’s _____ theory states that groups form whenever other interestgroups are perceived as threatening.

A) game

B) evolution

C) democratic

D) disturbance

E) trust

1. The AARP, Human Rights Watch, the National Rifle Association, and PublicCitizen are all examples of which type of interest group?

A) economic groups

B) public interest groups

C) political parties

D) think tanks and universities

E) governmental units

1. The _____ problem is the tendency of individuals to allow others to do work ontheir behalf.

A) cost

B) free rider

C) affluence

D) dilatory

E) socialization

1. Tangible benefits that have a value, such as magazine subscriptions ormembership discounts, are generally referred to as

A) purposive benefits.

B) material benefits.

C) elective benefits.

D) solidary benefits.

E) foundational benefits.

1. The ability of unions to require all employees to be members of the union as acondition of employment, was established by the

A) Wager Act.

B) Henderson Act.

C) Casey Act.

D) National Labor Relations Act.

E) Executive Order of President Woodrow Wilson.

1. The form of political participation which is least biased based on demographicfactors is

A) making campaign contributions.

B) writing a letter to a member of Congress.

C) voting.

D) participating in an interest group.

E) filing a lawsuit.

1. Professionals who are paid to represent interest groups before governmentofficials and institutions are commonly referred to as

A) delegates.

B) representatives.

C) lobbyists.

D) campaign staff.

E) members of Congress.

1. When a professional lobbyist meets with a member of Congress to convince themto support a specific bill, they are engaged in

A) outside lobbying.

B) inside lobbying.

C) discrete lobbying.

D) symbolic lobbying.

E) relative lobbying.

1. Approximately _____ percent of interest groups engage in outside lobbying.

A) 25

B) 40

C) 50

D) 75

E) 90

1. Interest groups that are unsuccessful in bringing about change using othertechniques often turn to the _____ pathway(s) to promote or resist change and toshape public opinion.

A) court

B) lobbying

C) election

D) both A and B

E) both B and C

1. PAC stands for

A) political action committee.

B) Pro-life Association Council.

C) Paternal Activity Council.

D) Political Action Commission.

E) Personal Affiliation Committee.

1. _____ are interest group advertisements designed to generate favorable publicopinion.

A) Editorials

B) Advertorials

C) Blogs

D) Promotions

E) Announcements

1. As a tool for political campaigns, the Internet

A) is more likely to be used to confirm preconceived ideas than to change

minds.

B) has the advantage of offering speed and convenience.

C) can be used to effectively raise money for a specific campaign.

D) improves communication with and between members.

E) does all of the above.

1. Groups with more money generally

A) are more able to achieve their goals.

B) are less able to achieve their goals.

C) are no more able to achieve their goals than groups with less money.

D) subject to intense regulation by the federal government.

E) operate outside the regulation of the federal government.

1. The form of political participation which is most biased based on demographicfactors is

A) making campaign contributions.

B) writing a letter to a member of Congress.

C) voting.

D) participating in an interest group.

E) filing a lawsuit.

1. A(n) _____ is a group of people—generally well-paid and highly educated ones—in a specific profession.

A) think tank

B) public interest group

C) interest group

D) professional association

E) trust

1. Interest groups contribute to the governing process by serving as government

A) watchdogs.

B) lapdogs.

C) agencies.

D) proxies.

E) supporters.

1. The _____ is an example of a professional association.

A) AMA

B) AARP

C) NAACP

D) NGA

E) NRA

True/False. Fill in ‘A’ if the statement is true or ‘B’ if the statement is false.

1. Magazines were the first mass medium, intended to communicate information in atimely fashion to a large audience.

1. Today, unlike radio and newspapers, where concentration is intensifying, theownership of television broadcasting is becoming more competitive and diverse.

1. The media often reinforce social norms and behavior.

1. Americans are generally supportive of freedom of the press.

1. Media ownership has become increasingly decentralized in recent years, thanks inlarge part to deregulation.

1. Televised debates help to shape public perceptions of presidential candidates.

1. Public officials rarely leak information to the media for political purposes.

1. People tend to put more credence in what they learn from news programs than ininformation presented in paid advertisements.

1. Muckraking was a term used by President Theodore Roosevelt to describeinvestigative reporting he felt went too far in stirring up public sentiment.

1. The emphasis on covering sensational criminal events has led most Americans tobelieve that there is more crime in their communities than there actually is.

1. The President’s Chief of Staff is usually responsible for managing White Housecommunications and answering questions posed by the press at news conferences.

1. Many of the cherished liberties, including freedom of speech, association, press, and assembly, are outlined in the Bill of Rights.

1. Grassroots mobilization and interest group activities are important for democracy.

1. The women’s suffrage movement garnered extensive popular support duringWorld War I.

1. The Underground Railroad was a network of people and secret routes by whichslaves escaped to freedom.

1. Progressives generally supported maintaining the status quo in terms of Americanpolitics and government.

1. The Vietnam Era marked the highest point of domestic unrest in the United Statessince the Civil War.

1. The Seneca Falls Declaration dealt with the abolition of slavery and the status offreed slaves.

1. According to public opinion surveys, Americans today are reluctant to give uptheir civil liberties, even if it might be necessary to do so to provide for strongernational security.

1. Americans are increasingly mistrustful of government.

1. Public opinion data reveal that most Americans would be willing to surrendersome personal freedoms in order to combat terrorism.

1. Recent technological developments are changing the way grassroots mobilizationtakes place.

1. The Christian Coalition had remarkable success in the 1990s delivering voters forthe Democratic Party.

1. American democracy faces the difficult challenge of balancing the self-interest ofindividual citizens against the collective interest of society.

1. Americans generally favor limits on freedom of speech but often reject specific limits on speech.

1. The Revolutionary experience in the United States helped to establish a sense ofegalitarianism in the country.

1. Freedom of expression generally refers to a broader concept of freedom tocommunicate.

1. Feminism is the belief in the political, social, and economical superiority ofwomen over men.

1. The struggle over power and influence between business groups and labor unions,and their alternating levels of success, is an excellent example of how groupscompete to promote their interests by using the various pathways of change.

1. Public interest groups campaign primarily for individual benefits.

1. Public interest groups form in the pursuit of “a collective good, the achievementof which will not selectively and materially benefit the membership or activists ofthe organization.”

1. Think tanks are nonprofit institutions that conduct research on issues of publicinterest.

1. State and local government units act as interest groups when the lobby the federalgovernment for help or to voice their concerns.

1. Unlike outside lobbying, inside lobbying is concentrated in the decision makers’pathway.

1. According to a recent public opinion survey, a majority of Americans feel thatspecial interest groups have more influence over public policy than voters do.

1. The rise of interest groups correlates with a growth in distrust in government.

1. Most interest groups take part in electoral politics by rating and endorsingcandidates.

1. Federal law prohibits interest groups from participating in campaigns for electedoffice.

1. According to some analysts, the Internet tends to reinforce pre-existing politicalviews and beliefs rather than change them.

1. The majority of Americans believe it is too difficult for interest groups to accessand influence the media.

1. Most experts agree that grassroots lobbying is rapidly becoming a thing of thepast.

1. Direct-mail is one of the earliest forms of grassroots mobilization, going back tothe days of the antislavery movement.

1. Interest groups often try to shape public opinion by influencing media coverage oftheir activities.

1. César Chávez was a well-known union activist.

1. The U.S. Conference of Mayors is a nonpartisan organization representing theinterest of cities and strengthening urban-suburban policy.

1. Interest groups influence the policy process by policy building—that is, simply bybringing an otherwise little-known issue to the forefront.

1. The NRA is one of the largest and most powerful interest groups inWashingtonDC.

1