History & Approaches

Prologue

History & Approaches

Psychology is the ______study of ______and ______.

• Uses scientific ______
• Behavior includes all ______behavior
• Mental processes include ______, ______...

Early Approaches/Perspectives (19th Century)

______focusedon ______of consciousness

- Relied on ______– the self-reporting of inner thoughts relating to simple experiences. ______people to be introspective is difficult & people experience/report similar experiences ______.

______is known as the“______”since he created the ______in Leipzig, Germany in 1879

______(he studiedunder Wundt) and laterestablished a lab at Cornell

University

______focused on how mental & behavioral processes ______- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, & flourish

- Also relied on ______

______is known as the “______” since he was the first American to teach the subject in 1876 at Harvard (wrote the Principles of Psychology in 1890)

______studied under James, created the ______in America at Johns Hopkins & was the ______of the APA in 1892

______studied (animal research) under James at Harvard (denied PhD) & became the ______of the APA in 1905

______was the ______in Psychology by Cornell in 1894 (was 2nd female president of the APA in 1921)

______was the ______

______in Psychology (Neo-Freudian) by Clark University in 1920

______was the ______to be granted a PhD in Psychology (memory) by University of Cincinnati in the 1930s

______focused on how people construct “______” instead of focusing on the parts (Gestalt is German for “meaningful whole”)

- Focused on ______& perceptual learning to understand the workings of the brain. Pretty much the exact oppositeof the Structuralism approach

- Includes ______, ______& ______

Modern Approaches/Perspectives

______(also known as the ______or ______)

focuses on how behavior is affected by ______drives (dreams, etc.) and unresolved inner conflicts from one childhood. 1900 - Present

- Includes ______, ______, ______& ______

______focuses on how we learn through ______, ______(relies on ______behaviors, not internal processes like the unconscious). Behavior is explainedby previous ______

(conditioning). 1913 - Present

- Includes ______, ______, ______& ______

______focuses on how healthy people strive to reach their ______(self-actualization). Behavior is explained as being motivated by satisfying ______(hunger, thirst, etc.), with the goal of reaching one’s full potential once basic needs are met. Behaviors are tied to feelings of ______. 1950 - Present

- Includes ______, ______, ______, ______& ______

______focuses on how people ______their experience. Behavior is explained by how a person interprets the situation (Mental processes = ______= thoughts, feelings, expectations, perceptions, memories, etc.). 1950 - Present

- Includes ______, ______, ______& ______

______focuses on how our biological ______and ______underlie behaviors. Behavior is explained by the workings & interrelationships of the ______, ______& ______. 1950 - Present

-A subdivision is the ______which focuses on the fact that behavior is ______& ______(coded in ______& has developed over time)

- Includes ______, ______& ______

______focuses on how our thinking and behavior change depending on the ______or ______. Behavior is explained by the influence of other people and ______&/or ______. 1960 - Present

- Includes ______, ______, ______& ______

Fields & Specialization

______– branch of ______ that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders (requires an advanced degree)

______– branch of ______ dealing with psychological disorders (requires a ______- can ______)

1