HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT P311/1

311/1

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

PAPER 1

March/April 2016

TIME: 2½ hour

Marking scheme.

LAINAKU JOINT EXAMINATION

2016

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT 311/1

Instructions to Candidates

•This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.

•Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.

•Answers to all the questions must be written in the answer booklet provided.

(d) This paper consists of three printed pages

(e)Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing

SECTION A

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.

Q1. Identify ONEreligious practices of the Luo. 1Marks)

i)They believed in a universal creator , Nyasaye

ii)They offered sacrifices to Nyasaye

iii)They worshiped through their ancestors

iv)They believed in the existence of spirits, both good and bad

v)Priests presided over religious ceremonies

2. Identify ONE negative consequences of urbanization in Kenya during

the colonial period(1marks)

i)It led to unemployment and poverty

ii)It led to an increase in crime

iii)Slums/ shanties developed in the urban centres

iv)There was congestion leading to epidemics

v)Break up of the traditional family set up

vi)It led to the introduction of the Kipande system

3. Differentiate between a unitary and a federal constitution (1marks)

  • A unitary constitution is one in which power rests with the central government
  • Afederalconstitution is one where power is shared between the central government and regional governments.

4. Name ONE nationalists with whom OgingaOdinga formed the initial Forum for the restoration of Democracy (FORD) (1marks).

  1. MasindeMuliro
  2. Martin Shikuku
  3. Philip Gachoka
  4. George Nthenge
  5. Ahmed SalimBamarhriz

5. Identify 0NE factors that strengthened African nationalism in Kenya during the colonial period. (1marks)

  1. International opinion was opposed to colonialism. The UN Charter supported self-determination and the independence of all nations.
  2. The African participation in World War I and II gave the African confidence to face the colonialists. In Kenya the ex-service men were in the forefront in the Nationalist struggle after 1945
    the British Labour Party was opposed to colonialism
  3. Public opinion in Britain was opposed to imperialism
  4. The British Labour party was opposed to colonialism

6. State two basic rights of the older members of society (2marks)

  1. Right to fully participate in the affairs of society
  2. Right to pursue personal development
  3. Right to live a dignified life, free from abuse
  4. Right to receive reasonable care and support from family and state

7. State two causes of personal conflicts. (2marks)

i)Incitement by outsiders/others

ii)Inability to meet other peoples expectations

iii)Violation of other peoples rights

iv)Personality differences

v)Differences in opinion

vi)Security threats such as in marriage or work place

8. Identify two social rights a citizen (2marks)

  1. Right to marry and start a family
  2. Right to education
  3. Right to belong to a religion of ones choice

9. Identify two categories of people who monitor violation /abuse of human rights in Kenya. (1marks)

  1. The police
  2. Trade unionists
  3. Religious groups
  4. Journalist
  5. Human rights lobby groups

10. State two problems facing the National Intelligent Service in Kenya (2marks)

  1. They rely on the public for information relating to national security. There are instances when this information is withheld for fear of victimization by criminals
  2. They lack enough personnel to monitor all parts of the Country
  3. Inadequate funds and transport make it difficult for them to access all parts of the Country
  4. Unwilling men by the public to give information relating to criminal activities for fear of involvement in court cases which at times take too long to conclude.
  5. Lack of rapport between the N.I.S and members of public. The people fear them and hence withhold information that would otherwise help in combating crime.

11. State two non-military functions of the defense forces in Kenya (2marks)

  1. Assists civilians during natural calamities
  2. Construction of roads, bridges, schools etc
  3. Entertain the public during national celebrations

12. State one role played by the public service Commission in Kenya (2marks)

  1. Appoints public servants
  2. Disciplines errant public servants
  3. Dismisses public servants who are non-performing

13. State one circumstance that may lead to loss of office by the president of Kenya (2marks).

  1. If there is a vote of no confidence in the government by the National Assembly
  2. If he or she is declared bankrupt by a court of law
  3. If he/she is incapacity by ill health
  4. If there is a successful election petition against him or her

14. Identify oneprovisions of the current constitution that were not present at independence (1marks)

  1. It provides for a unitary government while the independence constitution provided for a federal government
  2. It currently provides for an elected executive president instead of a governor-general
  3. It provides for an elected executive president instead of a governor-general
  4. It provides for a unicameral Parliament as opposed to a bicameral one
  5. It also provides for gender equality unlike before

15. Identify two challenges facing county governments in Kenya (2marks)

  1. They are new concept and operation will be a challenge
  2. Same Counties may lack adequate finances
  3. Conflict between the governor and long serving public servants
  4. Corruption/Misappropriate of public funds

16. Identify one functions of the government of Kenya (1marks)

  1. To defend the Country against threats or aggression
  2. To promote national unity
  3. To defend the constitution
  4. To promote socio-economic development
  5. To uphold the rights and freedoms
  6. To maintain law and order

17. State one ways in which trade promotes national unity in Kenya (1marks

  1. It facilities interaction of people in the process of buying and selling
  2. It facilities the exchange of ideas between people
  3. Use of common currency (Kenya shilling)

SECTION B

ANSWER 3 QUESTIONS ONLY

18. a)Name three Bantu speaking communities which had settled in the coastal region of Kenya by 1800. (3marks)

  1. Taita
  2. Taveta
  3. Mijikenda
  4. Pokomo

b) Explain six results of the migration and settlement of the Bantu-speaking peoples into Kenya?(12mks)

i)They spread their knowledge of iron –working and smelting

ii)Interaction i.e. social and economic interaction with other communities. For example, through interaction with the Kalenjin, the Abaluyia learnt the practice of keeping cattle and the age-set organization.

iii)They intermarried with neighboring communities

iv)They assimilated some of the people they settled amongst

v)They traded with neighboring communities

vi)Their migration and settlement led to inter-communal wars

vii)Their settlement led to the spread of their economic institutions such as agriculture

19. a) State three problems that the Indian workers faced during the construction of the Uganda Railway (3marks)

  1. Harsh climatic conditions such as high temperatures in some areas and extremely low ones in other areas
  2. Scarcity of water in some of the regions the railway passed through
  3. At Tsavo they were harassed by lions which attacked and killed some
  4. They suffered from jiggers and tropical disease such as malaria and sleeping sickness
  5. They faced hostility from some local communities such as the

vi They faced hostility from local communities such as the Nandi who stole railway construction materials.

b) Discuss six consequences of the development in transport and communication in Kenya(12mks)

i)It led to the expansion of both local and International trade

ii)People from different parts of the Country were able to interact, thus promoting national unity

iii)Transport systems facilitate effective administration because it enable government personnel to travel to various parts of the country within a short period

iv)They provide employment for Kenyans in areas such as airports, airlines and railways

v)Loss of lives through accidents

vi)Improve communication between the government and its cotizens through the use of the radio, telephone and television

vii)They speeded up business transactions through the use of the telephone

viii)Business are now able to advertise their products through the radio and television

ix)The radio, cinema and television, provided mass entertainment to the people

20. Identify three women leaders who led their communities in the struggle against the establishment of colonial rule(3marks)

  1. MekatililiwaMenza of Agiryama
  2. SyotunewaKathuka of the Akamba
  3. MoraaNgiti of the Abagusii
  4. CiokalaineM,barungu of the Ameru

b) Discuss six roles of women in the struggle for independence in Kenya(12mks)

i)Some led their communities in the struggle against the establishment of colonial rule, for example MekatililiwaMenza.

ii)Some encouraged their communities to fight for freedom for example MuthoniNyanjiru who, in 1922, urged the men to storm the police lines in Nairobi and secure the release of Harry Thuku.

iii)They mobilized material and financial resources for the nationalist struggle.

iv)They provide food the Mau Mau freedom fighters that were hiding in areas such as Mt. Kenya and Aberdare forests.

v)Some such as Field Marsh Muthoni actively participated in the Maumau War.

vi)They provided military logistics and intelligence information to the MauMau fighters

vii)They boosted the morale of the nationalists as wives for example Mama Ngina Kenyatta

viii) Women were the pillars of domestic wealth creation in the absence of the men who were actively fighting against the colonists

viii)They provided comfort to the male soldiers

viiiii) They provided the morale that was necessary to boost and sustain the nationalist struggle

21. What major reforms resulted from the Lancaster House Conference (1960) for Kenya? (3marks).

  1. The number of elected members to the Legislative Council was increased
  2. The Franchise was extended to all adults above the age of 40 years or those over 21 years and were literate
  3. The formation of national African political parties was allowed
  4. The number of Africans in the Council of Ministers was increased from 2 to 4
  5. The government pledge to pay compensation for private property forcibly taken by the colonial government.

b)) Explain six ways through which Ronal G. Ngala contributed to the struggle for independence in Kenya.

i)He supported the Mau Mau nationalist movement

ii)Soon after his election to the Legco, Ngala joined seven other members to form African elected members of parliament. Their demands included independence and majority Africa rule

iii)Ngala travel led over most of Kenya campaigning for national integration to facilitate independence

iv)Ngala was the chairman of the Kenya side during the 1957Lenno’s-Boyd Constitutional talks. In that capacity he made demands for more democratic reforms as a pre-requisite for independence. Soon after the number of elected African members to the Legco was increased from 8 to 14

v)In 1960, Ngala participated in the First Lancaster House Conference of 1960 and the second Lancaster House conference of 1962 tha gave Africans of majority seats in the Legco.

vi)Together with other leaders of minority ethnic groups, Ngala founded KADU in 1960. It was especially created to safeguard the interest of the minority communities.

vii)KADU under Ngala formed a government under colonial authorities. Ngala argued that it was only when Africans were in influential position that they could pressurize for more political reforms

viii)In 1962, Ngala (KADU) and Kenyatta (KANU) formed a coalition’s government to further planthe Countrys independence.

ix)After losing to Kenyatta’s (KANU) in the May 1963 general elections, Kadu under Ngala became the opposition party. He, however, supported Kenya’s independence which was attained in December, 1963

SECTION C

ANSWER 2 QUESTIONS ONLY

22. a)State three categories of people who are eligible for citizenship by registration in Kenya (3marks)

  1. A person married to a Kenyan citizen for at least 7 years
  2. A person who has resided in Kenya for a continuous period of a least 7 years
  3. A child who is adopted by a citizen
  4. A citizen of another Country who certifies conditions set by law

b) Explain six constitutional rights of a Kenyan Citizen (12marks)

  1. Right to life: No one has a right to deliberately take another life unless in execution of a court order
  2. Right to liberty No one has a right to arrest, detain or imprison another without cause. Suspects should be taken to court within a specified period and depending on the magnitude of the offence
  3. Right to protection from slavery and forced labour: Everyone is free to offer their services without being forced. This however, does not apply where one is a prisoner or doing communal work
  4. Right to own property: Kenyans are free to work, acquires and own property anywhere in the country. The property for the public good
  5. Freedom of worship/ conscience. Every Kenyan has a right to join and belong to any religious movement provided it is registered with the Registrar of Societies and does not infringe on the rights of other people
  6. Freedom of movement: Kenyans are free to move and live anywhere in the country with the exception of gazette areas like state houses, national parks and prisons.
  7. Freedom of Assembly/association: Every Kenyan has a right to choose to belong to an organization (political, social, or economic) provided it is registered and does not plot to overthrow the government.
  8. Freedom of speech/expression: Each individual is free to express own opinions through speech, writing or the media provide that they do not infringe on others rights in the process of exercising their own
  9. Right to protection from discrimination: No one is to be discriminated on the basis of race, religion, political, religious affiliation or otherwise
  10. protection from arbitrary search and entry: The law protects a Kenyan from search of property unless in the execution of a court order

23. a) State five circumstances that may lead to limitation of the freedom of speech and expression in Kenya (5marks)

  1. If the freedom is used to defame others
  2. If used to give classified information concerning the government
  3. If used to incite people against the government
  4. If used to spread malicious rumors about others
  5. If used to spread falsehoods

b) Discuss five rights of a suspect in Kenya (10marks)

  1. Right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. Every suspect must be given the benefits of the doubt

They must therefore be taken to court for their case to be determined by qualified advocate of the law.

  1. Right to a fair trial in a court of law. The officers of the court must hear the case brought before them and determine the outcome on the basis of law.
  2. Right to presentation in court by a legal officer. Suspects are allowed to hire the services of a legal officer. If they cannot afford, then the state should provide one
  3. The right to a public trial unless the case involves classified information that be dangerous to the security of the nation
  4. Right to be taken/charged in a court of law 24 hours after arrest except in serious cases like treason, murder, robbery with violence that require more time for investigations
  5. Right to be informed a bout the charges preferred against them at the point of a arrest

24 a)Identify three circumstance that may necessitate a by- election in Kenya.

  1. If the election results are nullified by the High Court
  2. If a sitting MP becomes incapacity due to ill health
  3. If a member renounces his/her citizenship
  4. If a member of parliament tender his/her resignation to the speaker
  5. If a sitting MP defects from the party that sponsored him/ her to parliament
  6. In the event of death of a sitting MP
  7. If an MP is imprisoned for a period exceeding 12 months
  8. If an MP fails to attend parliament for eight consecutive seating without a valid reason.

b) Discuss six functions of the Senate (12mks)

  1. To address the interests of the counties at the national level
  2. To participate in making laws that affects the counties
  3. To help in the determination of amount of revenue for the countries
  4. To supervise and ensure that money allocated to the counties is put into intended uses.
  5. To maintain the performance of public officers
  6. The Senate will participate in the determination of a resolution to remove the president/Deputy President from power.

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