HISTORY 105-07 FINAL Study GuideFall 2008

Scope of Final Exam: Chapters 8-15 textbook, plus assigned readings in the online class syllabus: located at:

Review Material: Make sure you have a basic familiarity of each of the OUTLINES/SLIDE SHOWS #8-#15 linked to the online class syllabus, dating from OCTOBER 16 TO DECEMBER 4. THE CONNECTIONS TABLES #8-#15 ARE ALSO IMPORTANT IN UNDERSTANDING THE CONTENT OF THE TEXTBOOK CHAPTERS. You will not be able to understand the outlines unless you have read the assigned readings in the textbook (Chapters 8 to 15) and online articles marked with an *asterik.

( I) Essay Questions: FOUR OF THE SIX QUESTIONS BELOW WILL APPEAR. YOU WILL CHOOSE ONE QUESTION TO ANSWER WITH A CLEAR & DETAILED ESSAY OF AT LEAST ONE PAGE IN LENGTH.

1. How did the Islamic religion transform Arabian culture? What elements can you identify in Islam that aided in the spread of the Islamic Empire across Eurasia from the seventh to the eighth centuries C.E.?

2. What were the essential elements needed for a world religion to be successful? How do Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity fit the definition of world religions?

3. Why are the environmental histories of such varied regions as the Islamic world, China, Japan, and Mesoamerica so important? Are such long-ago transformations relevant or meaningful today?

4. Why was the Indian Ocean so important for the spread of culture? How did trade connect peoples in Africa with Eurasia?

5. What changes did Temujin bring to Mongol society? How did these changes enhance his control of the steppes and the Mongol ability to expand? How were the Mongols able to hold on to this vast empire and to rule it?

6. How did geography and culture affect the development of imperial expansion in Eurasia during the fifteenth century? Explore at least one specific example in Western Eurasia and one in Eastern Eurasia.

(II) MULTIPLE CHOICE/MATCHING/SHORT ANSWER SECTIONS: Know this basic information about the following terms we have discussed/read about in class: Who the person is, What the term means if its not a person, Why is this person/term important in world history? When do these events occur? Where is the location the person/term is associated with?

CHAPTER EIGHT: POST IMPERIAL WORLDS> THE PROBLEMS OF EMPIRES

Teotihuacan
Maya
Roman Empire Decline
Nomads: Germanic peoples
Huns, Xiongnu, Visigoth
Constantine
Persia and Parthian Empires
Marcus Aurelius
Stilicho
Parthian Shot
Han Dynasty
Sui, Tang Dynasties
Emperor Tang Taizong
Empress Wu / Gupta India
Kalidasa
Caste System
Ethiopia
Axum
Byzantium
Justinian
Arabia
Sharia
Caliph
Sunni
Shia
Hagia Sophia
Quran

CHAPTER NINE: RISE OF WORLD RELIGIONS

What is a World Religion/requirements
Buddhism, Christianity, Islam as World Religions
Jihad
Charlemagne
Conversion of elites
Dar al-Islam
Galla Placidia
Jelling stone
Dome of the Rock / Buddhism in Tang China
Bodhisattvas
Dunhuang
Xuanzang
Prince Shotoku
What does “Ascetic” mean?—connection to Buddhism, Christianity
Benedict of Nursia
Samye Monastery
Kaaba

CHAPTER TEN: ENVIRONMENTAL FRONTIERS BEFORE 1000 C.E.

African geographical barriers
Bantu
Senegambia
Ghana
Gao
Sahel
America before Columbus: 1491 article
Pristine myth
Andean civilization: where? When?
Mesoamerican civilization: where, When?
Nazca lines
Mayan bloodletting
cacao
Dresden Codex
Settlement of Polynesia / Mayan collapse
Effects of military expansion: Africa, Asia
Guadalquivir river, Spain/ Cordoba
Food/Plants with Arabic/Persian origins
Mississippian cultures
Cahokia
Vikings, North Sea region
China’s economic growth
Grand Canal
Land Reform of 737
Japanese expansion
Emishi
Khmer kingdom
Viet/Cham kingdoms

CHAPTER 11: CONTENDING WITH ISOLATION

Arctic regional cultures
Thule Inuit
Greenland
Scandinavian migration
Norseman
Southwest and Mississippian regional cultures
Chaco Canyon
Pueblo Canyon
Mixtec
Angkor Wat / Chola Kingdom
Maritime imperialism
Ethiopian culture: Christian versus Islam influence
Crusades
Pope Urban II
Volga River, Novgorad
Minamoto clan
Holy Roman Empire
Abbot Suger
Cistercians

CHAPTER 12: NOMADIC FRONTIERS: ISLAM, BYZANTIUM AND CHINA 1000-1200

Steppeland
Imam
Seljuk Turks
Crusader effects on Mideast
Knights Templar
Al-Andalus
Almoravids
Ghana
Spain
Berbers
Islam/Christian/Jewish culture in Cordoba
Sufis / Basil II
Byzantium
Constantinople
Bulgars
Slavs and Balkans
Uighur
Lament of Lady Qin
Song Dynasty
Khitans and Liao
Jurchens
Chinese expansion
Ibn Khaldun

CHAPTER 13: THE MONGOLS REMAKE THE WORLD

Mongol culture
Crane-catching
Genghis Khan
William of Rubruck
Mongol economy/survival on the steppes
Rabban Bar Sauma
Marco Polo
The “Mongol Peace” / Kubilai Khan
Ilkhan Empire
The Golden Horde
Mamluks
Delhi Sultanate
2 key Chinese inventions move west/1100-1200 CE
Kiev
Alexander Nevski

CHAPTER 14: REVENGE OF NATURE: PLAGUE, COLD, AND LIMITS OF DISASTER

Long, Medium, Short term climate processes
Little Ice Age 1200s-1700s, effects
Bubonic Plague—social and political effects
Plague: method of transmission
“Leveling” effect
Yunnan, China
Typhus, Influenza, smallpox, anthrax
Scapegoating Jewish, Muslim groups in Europe
Great Drowning
Hohokam civilization / Effects of the plague on periphery:
Java and Sumatra
Delhi Sultanate
Ibn Tughluq
Ibn Battuta
Mali Empire
Mansa Musa
Zen Buddhism
Godaigo
New Zealand

CHAPTER 15: EXPANDING WORLDS: RECOVERY IN THE LATE 14th and 15th CENTURIES

Ottoman Empire
Timur the Lame
Fall of Constantinople
Ottoman’s system of rule
Russian Empire
Ivan III
Ivan the Terrible
Russian expansion in 15th century: when, where, how
European expansion: exploration
Christopher Colubus / China renewed: Ming dynasty
Peasant uprising of 1351
Chu Yuanzhang
Exam system
Zheng He, voyages: when, where, how, why
Inca empire: rise, fall, problems
Aztec empire: expansion, problems
Tenochtitlan
African empires: Mwene Mutapa, Ethiopia
Mali, Songhay empires
Kingdom of the Kongo