Bulldogs Over Broadway 2007

Packet by MIT (Annelise Beck, Ylaine Gerardin, Chris Kennedy, Grace Li, Mark Seifter, Jason Trigg)

Tossups:

It was affirmed at a conference at Montevideo, and because of it, Sumner Welles’ proposed response to the instability of Gerardo Machado’s government was overruled.It was formulated five years after the passage of the Clark Amendment, which repealed the Roosevelt Corollary. Key instances of it included the withdrawal of Marines from Haiti and the repeal of the Platt Amendment. Most significantly, as a result of it, Secretary of State Cordell Hull pledged an end to U.S.intervention in the affairs of other nations in 1933.FTP, name FDR’s friendly foreign relations philosophy toward Latin America.

ANSWER: Good Neighbor Policy

In the Birchard Letter, his release was offered in exchange for the support of several Ohio congressmen. He later won the Democratic nomination for, and ran for, Governor of Ohio, in absentia, campaigning from a hotel in Windsor, Ontario. He told his opponents that “Defeat, debt, taxation [and] sepulchres—these are your trophies,” but lost the election to War Democrat John Brough. This man then traveled to the 1864 Democratic National Convention, and was included on the ticket as Secretary of War. FTP, name this leading Copperhead who was deported to the Confederacy, the inspiration for Edward Hale’s “The Man Without a Country.”

ANSWER: Clement Vallandigham

N2 was isolated in Bristol, England, and strains of them have been isolated from every continent except Asia. Daf genes control their entry into dauer after L1 or L2, a decision based on pheromone concentration and food supply. Others of their genes produce "Vul," "Unc," and "Dumpy" phenotypes when mutated, the last resulting from defective collagen. In about one out of a thousand meiotic divisions, non-disjunction of the X-chromosome causes males to arise from hermaphrodites. After hatching, they molt four times before becoming adults. RNA interference can be easily studied by feeding them complementary RNA inside E. coli, and the lineage of every one of their 1030 cells is known. FTP, name this model organism, a species of nematode.

ANSWER: Caenorhabditis elegans

In one of his works, the inspectors Foote and Holmes investigate a man, his wife, and her tuba-playing mother before ending up in a situation reminiscent of a Magritte painting. In another, a men's locker room is laid out like the Bridges of Konigsberg, and several characters, including the title agent, follow two Russian twins around in it. Besides After Magritte and Hapgood, he is better known for a play in which Septimus Hodge tutors Thomasina Coverley while Lord Byron is staying at SidleyPark, and a play where two characters flip a coin, muse about free will, and are eventually killed while en route from Denmark. FTP, name this playwright of The Real Thing, Arcadia, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead.

ANSWER: Tom Stoppard (accept Tomas Straussler)

The B-side of this band’s first single includes “You’re So Damn Hot”and “Bruise Grey”, and its first EPs were called “Brown”and “Pink”, respectively. Its self-titled debut album includes such tracks as “The Fix is In”, “1,000 Miles Per Hour”, and “Don’t Ask Me”, and it originally toured with They Might Be Giants. Its name comes from an art teacher’s direction to Tim Nordwind and Damian Kulash, and it is best known for a song describing what happens when you “Throw on your clothes, the second side of Surfer Rosa, you leave me with my jaw on the floor.”FTP, name this band famous for dancing on treadmills in “Here it Goes Again”.

ANSWER: OK Go

The narrator of this novel daydreams about a “murder theater”, in which young men would battle each other to the death using only knives or spears. Shortly after this idea occurs to him, at age twelve, he begins to have sadomasochistic fantasies, including a notable one involving cannibalism. The narrator first realizes his sexuality while looking at a painting of St. Sebastian, but later attempts to convince himself he is in love with a friend’s sister, Sonoko. However, after the death of the protagonist’s sister, Sonoko marries another man. The novel ends with Sonoko and the narrator at a dance hall, at which the narrator starts having fantasies about a young shirtless man. FTP, name this work, the first novel of Yukio Mishima.

ANSWER: Confessions of a Mask(Kamen no kokuhaku)

He discovered that the eye focuses on objects by changing its shape, and so found the cause of astigmatism. Helmholtz developed his claim that color vision is based on receptors for the three colors red, green and blue, and a more famous result in optics was later confirmed by Arago and Fresnel. Preceding Champollion's more famous work, he translated the demotic script on the Rosetta Stone, though he is perhaps better known for his work in elasticity relating stress to strain. His most famous result discredited the then-popular corpuscular theory of light in favor of Huygens’ wave theory. FTP, name this man most famous for the double slit experiment and a namesake modulus.

ANSWER: Thomas Young

The Growth of the Mind applied this theory to child psychology, and many of this school’s works were published in the journal Psychological Research. Important notions include multistability and emergence, the latter exemplified by a famous “dog picture”. Applied to psychotherapy by Fritz Perls, it was first studied by several students of Carl Stumpf, and its fundamental principle is pragnanz. One of its founders was inspired by noticing the apparent movement of blinking lights at a railroad crossing. FTP, name this theory of perception studied by Koffka, Kohler, and Wertheimer, whose classic examples include the soap bubble and the phi phenomenon.

ANSWER: gestaltpsychology

It has been used to measure the dependence of a photon’s frequency upon gravitational potential, and the frequency of its emission line was shown to be temperature dependent, providing evidence of time dilation produced by an oscillating nucleus in a solid lattice. The spectrum resulting from this effect appears to be continuous, with a “wing” resulting from absorption of phonons. It, combined with the Doppler effect, is the basis for an eponymous type of spectroscopy. Its discoverer used iridium as a source of gamma rays, and found that the intensity of this effect increased as the solid lattice cooled. FTP, name this effect that occurs when gamma rays are emitted with negligible recoil from a solid in a ground state.

ANSWER: Mössbauer effect

One of the last two of these begins Maestoso and ends with a second-movement Arietta, while the other, their composer’s Opus 110, begins Moderato and ends with an arioso dolente. Another one of these famously includes a second, chordal theme in the mediant key of E major, a contrast to the quiet eighth-note staccato C-major chords that open that Opus 53 piece. In Opus 57, the opening pianissimo theme is violently interrupted by fortissimo chords in F minor, and in Opus 27 number 2, the opening theme in C-sharp minor is played in slow triplets in the right hand. FTP, name this set of pieces that includes Les Adieux, Waldstein, Appassionata, and Moonlight.

ANSWER: Beethoven piano sonatas (accept in any order, prompt on partial answer)

He criticized totalitarianism in a play with two acts, the first set in a medieval village and the second set in a World War II era German nightclub. The Hangman, as well as another play critical of fascism, The Man Without a Soul, was written before his most famous novels. In one of these novels, a man who believes that the fire signals the return of the Messiah, helps burn Rome in 64 CE. That man had been condemned to death, but was saved when a crowd chose to crucify Jesus instead, while the titular figure of his most famous novel, whose real name is Piccoline, is a diminutive misanthrope who is ordered by an Italian prince to assassinate his enemies. FTP, name this Swedish author of Barabbas and The Dwarf.

ANSWER: Par Lagerkvist

Some examples of this entity include the Lyons, Thompson, and Harada-Norton, all of which are simple, like the Mathieu and Chevalley types of these. Perhaps the most famous sporadic example comes from the Griess algebra and is called the Monster, so named by Conway. The Todd-Coxeter algorithm is used to reduce a set of generators and relations for one of these, and their representations can be used to find symmetry labels for molecular orbitals. The automorphisms of an extension field over a fixed field are contained in a Galois one of these, and the symmetries of a regular polygon belong to a dihedral one. Lagrange’s theorem prescribes the sizes of certain subsets of, FTP, this type of mathematical object with closure and inverses under a binary operation that may be Abelian.

ANSWER: group (accept “sporadic group” before Chevalley)

On December 16th, he is set to appear in the off-Broadway New York Theater Workshop’s production of four plays by Samuel Beckett. Thirty years ago, he starred in a Broadway musical with Liza Minelli. Recently, his non-profit foundation opened an arts center in the 37 ARTS expert in Hell’s Kitchen. While studying under Aleksander Pushkin, he attracted the notice of critic Clive Barnes, who called him "the most perfect dancer I have ever seen," despite his short stature. He starred opposite Patrick Bissell as Basilio in his restaging of Don Quixote while creative director of ABT during the 1980's. FTP, name this ballet dancer who defected from the Soviet Union in 1974.

ANSWER: Mikhail Baryshnikov

He owned the immortal horses Balius and Xanthus. After this man’s purification at Iolcus, his wife Antigone hanged herself after Astydameia accused him of coming onto her. He gained the friendship of the centaur Cheiron, who helped him to regain the magic sword that Acastus had stolen from him. He had earlier killed his father-in-law Eurytion while they hunted for the Calydonian Boar. When he captured his second wife in a cave, she turned into water, fire, a lion, and a wolf before finally consenting to marry a mortal. FTP, name this father of Achilles at whose wedding to Thetis Eris threw an apple at some goddesses.

ANSWER: Peleus

His father married both the daughter and the sister of the son of Sweyn Forkbeard. This man gained glory fighting Welsh rebels led by Gruffyd ap Llewelyn, and he later joined a future rival in pursuit of Conan II of Brittany. When this man’s sister became queen consort, he was made Earl of East Anglia, while his brother Tostig was made Earl of Northumbria. After he replaced Tostig with Morcar, a Mercian nobleman, Tostig formed an alliance with Harald Hardrada, whom this man allegedly promised to give “six feet of ground”. He then defeated both of them at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. FTP, name this man, who was briefly declared king in 1066, and who lost to William the Conqueror at the battle of Hastings.

ANSWER: Harold IIof England (accept Harold Godwinson)

This author’s last published work was an account of the Sacco-Vanzetti trial, The Never-Ending Wrong, but many of her earlier works are short stories, collected in such volumes as The Leaning Tower. In the title story of her first collection, an American expatriate in Mexico named Laura becomes involved with the revolutionary leader Braggioni. That collection, Flowering Judas, was followed by a work composed of three short novels, “Old Mortality”, “Noon Wine”, and the titular novel, which center on the newspaper woman Miranda. Her last novel describes the lives of passengers on a German ship, the Vera, traveling to Mexico. FTP, name this American author of Pale Horse, Pale Rider and Ship of Fools.

ANSWER: Katherine Anne Porter

His PhD dissertation on the decorative style of the Arapaho made him the second man in the country with a PhD in his field. He was also an early presence in the field of archaeology, as he developed an early strategy for seriation based on his work with the Zuni, but his main publication in that field was Peruvian Archaeology. His most famous work, however, centered on the idea of salvage ethnography, and he worked with Ishi, a famous Yahi Indian. He is best known for works such as the textbook Anthropologyand his Handbook of the Indians of California.FTP, namethis student of Franz Boas, most famous for his work on classifying and preserving the culture of the Native American tribes of the Southwest.

ANSWER: Alfred Kroeber

It installed a Confucian administrative system based on scholars known as the Yangban, and it wasn't recognized by the Chinese until the reign of its third king, T'aejong. The Hangul alphabet was developed during the reign of its fourth king, Sejong the Great, while Seonjo ruled during the invasion by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the Imjin, or Seven Years, War. Its collapse began with the assassination of Empress Myeongseong. The Treaty of Shimonoseki guaranteed independence from China, which, ironically, weakened its rule, and its penultimate ruler declared an empire that lasted until annexation by Japan in 1910. FTP, name this dynasty that succeeded the Goryeo, the last of Korea.

ANSWER: Joseon Dynasty (or Choson or ChosunorYi)

His development of the concept of intentionality was influenced by Brentano’s Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint. His unfinished last work, The Crisis, described his theory of the life-world. He initially attempted to explain logic and arithmetic in psychological terms in On the Concept of Number and Philosophy of Arithmetic. In another work, he defined logic as the description of “essences” and their interrelations, which he analyzed via methods such as eidetic reduction. This work, Ideas, was expanded upon by a work that described the “epoché”, his Cartesian Meditations. FTP, name this German philosopher, the author of LogicalInvestigations and the father of phenomenology.

ANSWER: Edmund Husserl

Statues of the Greek tyrannicides Harmodios and Aristogeiton, which, together with a copy of Perseus, may have been arranged as this painting’s title group, may have been used as a source for it. In the background, a girl looks away while a small boy gazes at the central action. A half-size version of it was created by one of the painter’s students, Girodet. Poussin’s Death of Germanicus influenced early sketches of this painting, particularly the titular group of young warriors, one of whom holds a spear in his left hand, and each of whom has one arm outstretched toward a man holding three swords. Based on a play by Pierre Corneille, FTP, name this David painting that depicts the three title brothers swearing loyalty to Rome.

ANSWER: Oath of the Horatii

Extras:

Large examples of this phenomenon include C sixty ten plus and C 48 N 12, where a certain quantity is twice a square. It is because of this that C48N12 has measurable global ring currents, whereas they are local on C60, and that C48N12 will react by substitution with bromine, when bromine will add to buckminsterfullerene. The UV spectrum of compounds exhibiting this has a characteristic band of multiple absorptions at 254 nm. More common examples of this phenomenon are molecules like chrysene and phenanthrene, which have 18 and 14 electrons respectively, meaning they obey the 4n+2 rule of Huckel. FTP, name this phenomenon in which a conjugated pi system is completely delocalized and very stable, most famously exemplified by benzene.
ANSWER: aromaticity (accept word forms)

It literally means 'Bounteous Immortal', and its oldest attested use was in Yasna 39.3. It refers specifically to Manah, Asha, Kshathra, Armaiti, Haurvatat, and Ameretat, or Purpose, Righteousness, Dominion, Devotion, Wholeness, and Immortality. The latter three are feminine, and the former are grammatically of neutral gender, but are traditionally considered to be masculine. In the Gathas, they represent good moral qualities and gain domains of influence, and Ahura Mazda is added to round the group out to seven. FTP name these emanations of the uncreated creator, divine sparks of Zoroastrianism.

ANSWER: Amesha Spentas

The effect that can be measured with this value originates when two particles can be considered to be separated by a medium with a frequency-dependent dielectric coefficient that will not transmit below a certain frequency. This parameter can be interpreted as the ratio of the electron thermal speed and the frequency of the plasma, and is usually much greater than the spacing between particles. Proportional to the density and temperature of electrons, FTP, name this characteristic length named for a Dutch physicist, the distance over which electrons screen electric fields in a plasma.

ANSWER: Debye length

He has an alternate name that is taken from the word for lion and his mother's name, 'buffalo woman', which she earned due to her incredible ugliness and her hunchback. His most common name is a Mande contraction of the two. According to his eponymous epic, his mother only got laid in the first place because the king had heard a prophecy that a hideous woman would bear him a son who would become a mighty ruler. Despite his physical weakness, he still consolidated the power of his kingdom before drowning.