HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2010 <89>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2010259348
Authors Van Hout M.C.
Institution
(Van Hout) School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Travellers and substance use - Implications for service provision.
Source
International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. 48(2)(pp 36-41), 2010. Date of Publication: 2010.
Publisher
University Dental Hospital
Abstract
Introduction: The Traveller community as ethnic minority experience many risk factors for problematic substance use relating to their life circumstances, which include; "peer pressure, stress, anxiousness, family crisis, community or neighbourhood dhorganisation, sibling use, parental use, sensation seeking behaviours and depression" (Fountain, 2006). The extent of Traveller drug use remains unknown due to the lack of ethnic identifiers in reporting systems and a lack of Travellers accessing services (Paveepoint, 2005c). Research Aim: The research aimed to yield an anecdotal presentation of Traveller substance use from the perspectives of drug, social, law and community service providers in Ireland. Methods: The research was qualitative in design and consisted of semi structured interviews with service providers (n = 45) in order to generate a more comprehensive picture of current dominant perceptions of the "experiences and issues relating to drug and alcohol use among Travellers". Results: The research findings indicated that drug and alcohol use in the Traveller community in Ireland is increasing in terms of excessive alcohol use, certain drugs used and patterns of problematic substance use. Travellers have poor awareness of potential risks relating to substance use and most are using drugs and alcohol in order to deal with boredom, depression and poverty. Travellers were reported to be difficult to engage with in terms of addiction treatment, due to issues with group work, literacy and family crisis. Conclusion: It is vital to consider the needs of the Travellers and their reported substance use in the development of proactive, culturally specific and supportive drug prevention and treatment protocols.
ISSN 1463-5240
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name International Journal of Health Promotion and Education
Volume 48
Issue Part 2
Page 36-41
Year of Publication 2010
Date of Publication 2010
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2010 <119>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 0020159069
Authors Coghlan M. Macdonald S.
Institution
(Coghlan) Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, Stn CSC, Victoria, Canada V8W 2Y2.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The role of substance use and psychosocial characteristics in explaining unintentional injuries.
Source
Accident; analysis and prevention. 42(2)(pp 476-479), 2010. Date of Publication: Mar 2010.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the use of various substances and selected psychosocial characteristics with unintentional injury. Cross-sectional data was collected from groups of subjects in treatment for a primary problem with cocaine (n=300), cannabis (n=128), alcohol (n=110), other drugs (n=35), tobacco (n=249), or gambling (n=199). Subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions on various psychosocial scales (i.e., risk-taking/impulsivity, chronic stress, coping, and social supports), frequency of drug and alcohol use, and unintentional injuries in the year prior to treatment. For the univariate analyses, both frequency of cocaine and cannabis use, risk-taking/impulsivity, stress, and coping were significantly related to injuries. For the multivariate analyses, only risk-taking/impulsivity, stress, age, and sex were significantly related to injuries. The results provide important information regarding factors associated with reported injuries among individuals in addiction treatment. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Accident; analysis and prevention
Volume 42
Issue Part 2
Page 476-479
Year of Publication 2010
Date of Publication Mar 2010
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2010 <120>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 0020159066
Authors Watling C.N. Palk G.R. Freeman J.E. Davey J.D.
Institution
(Watling) Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Applying Stafford and Warr's reconceptualization of deterrence theory to drug driving: can it predict those likely to offend?
Source
Accident; analysis and prevention. 42(2)(pp 452-458), 2010. Date of Publication: Mar 2010.
Abstract
In December 2007, random roadside drug testing commenced in Queensland, Australia. Subsequently, the aim of this study was to explore the preliminary impact of Queensland's drug driving legislation and enforcement techniques by applying Stafford and Warr's [Stafford, M.C., Warr, M., 1993. A reconceptualization of general and specific deterrence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 123-135] reconceptualization of deterrence theory. Completing a comprehensive drug driving questionnaire were 899 members of the public, university students, and individuals referred to a drug diversion program. Of note was that approximately a fifth of participants reported drug driving in the past six months. Additionally, the analysis indicated that punishment avoidance and vicarious punishment avoidance were predictors of the propensity to drug drive in the future. In contrast, there were indications that knowing of others apprehended for drug driving was not a sufficient deterrent. Sustained testing and publicity of the legislation and countermeasure appears needed to increase the deterrent impact for drug driving. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Accident; analysis and prevention
Volume 42
Issue Part 2
Page 452-458
Year of Publication2010
Date of Publication Mar 2010
PAIN ISSUES <529>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 20465361
Status In-Process
Authors Candiotti KA. Gitlin MC.
Authors Full Name Candiotti, Keith A. Gitlin, Melvin C.
Institution
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101-6370, USA.
Title
Review of the effect of opioid-related side effects on the undertreatment of moderate to severe chronic non-cancer pain: tapentadol, a step toward a solution?
Source
Current Medical Research & Opinion. 26(7):1677-84, 2010 Jul.
Journal Name
Current Medical Research & Opinion
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Opioids are among the most effective and potent analgesics currently available. Their utility in the management of pain associated with cancer, acute injury, or surgery is well recognized. However, extending the application of opioids to the management of chronic non-cancer pain has met with considerable resistance. This resistance is due in part to concerns related to gastrointestinal and central nervous system-related adverse events as well as issues pertaining to regulatory affairs, the development of tolerance, incorrect drug usage, and addiction. This review focuses on the incidence of opioid-related side effects and the patient and physician barriers to opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain. Tapentadol, a centrally acting analgesic with two mechanisms of action, micro-opioid agonism and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, may be considered to be a partial solution to some of these issues. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for English-language articles from 1950 to February 2010 using the terms chronic non-cancer pain and opioids together and in combination with undertreatment, adherence, and compliance. RESULTS: The majority of patients treated with traditional opioids experience gastrointestinal- or central nervous system-related adverse events, most commonly constipation, nausea, and somnolence. These side effects often lead to discontinuation of opioid therapy. Concerns about side effects, analgesic tolerance, dependence, and addiction limit the use of opioids for the management of chronic pain. Treatment with tapentadol appears to provide several advantages of an analgesic with a more favorable side-effect profile than the classic micro-opioid receptor agonist oxycodone (especially related to gastrointestinal tolerability). CONCLUSIONS: The pervasiveness of opioid-associated side effects and concerns related to tolerance, dependence, and addiction present potential barriers to the approval and use of opioids for the management of chronic non-cancer pain. The lower incidence of opioid-associated adverse events and possibly fewer withdrawal symptoms, combined with a satisfactory analgesic profile associated with tapentadol, suggest its potential utility for the management of chronic non-cancer pain. This review will focus on the incidence of opioid-related side effects and barriers to opioid therapy that are available as English-language articles in the MEDLINE index, and as such, it is a representative but not an exhaustive review of the current literature.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2010 Jul
Year of Publication 2010
Issue/Part 7
Volume 26
Page 1677-84
PAIN ISSUES <530>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 20429822
Status In-Process
Authors Duensing L. Eksterowicz N. Macario A. Brown M. Stern L. Ogbonnaya A.
Authors Full Name
Duensing, L. Eksterowicz, N. Macario, A. Brown, M. Stern, L. Ogbonnaya, A.
Institution
American Academy of Pain Management, Sonora, CA, USA.
Title
Patient and physician perceptions of treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic pain with oral opioids.
Source
Current Medical Research & Opinion. 26(7):1579-85, 2010 Jul.
Journal Name
Current Medical Research & Opinion
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study physician and patient perceptions of moderate-to-severe chronic pain and its management with oral opioids. METHODS: Two separate surveys were developed and administered to one of two respective study groups: patients and physicians. All study participants recruited from a pool of individuals who had previously agreed to participate in market research. Survey questions addressed the impact of various factors (e.g., quality of life indicators, potential for opioid addiction, side-effects) on pain management decision making, patient satisfaction and compliance. Responses for the first 500 patients and 275 physicians to respond were assessed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: On average, patients were 53 years of age, white (89%), and female (71%). The majority of patients (80%) had been taking oral opioids longer than 6 months. Physicians reported that 45% of their patients received schedule II opioids, with 27% having severe chronic pain. Patients indicated the most common activities interfered with by chronic pain were exercising (76% of patients), working outside the home (67%), and job responsibilities (60%). When developing a treatment approach physicians considered patients' sleeping (91%), walking (86%), maintaining an independent lifestyle (84%), and job responsibilities (83%). Patients and physicians both rated the ability to relieve pain and the duration of relief as the most important factors when considering opioid therapy. The majority (63%) of patients reported experiencing opioid side effects. When physicians discontinued opioids due to side effects, the most frequent reason was nausea (78%) for immediate-release opioids, and constipation (64%) for extended-release formulations. CONCLUSION: The ability to relieve pain and the duration of that pain relief are the most important factors for both patients and physicians when selecting an opioid. A high percentage of patients surveyed experienced side effects related to their treatment, which may impact adherence and overall treatment effectiveness. Study results should be assessed within study limitations including responder and selection biases, physicians responded about their patients, who were not the same patients surveyed, and the fact that the survey instruments were not formally validated. Further research is warranted to address these limitations.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2010 Jul
Year of Publication 2010
Issue/Part 7
Volume 26
Page 1579-85
HEALTH AND SOCIAL <534>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 20528657
Status In-Process
Authors Uchtenhagen AA.
Authors Full Name Uchtenhagen, Ambros A.
Institution
Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, WHO Collaborating Centre for Substance Abuse, Zurich University, Switzerland. <>
Title
Ethical perspectives in caring for people living with addictions: The European experience.
Source
International Review of Psychiatry. 22(3):274-80, 2010.
Journal Name
International Review of Psychiatry
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
European policy and practice in caring for people living with addictions is based on defined values (human rights, medical ethics) and on research evidence for the effects and impact of interventions. The focus of the paper is on risk management approaches to reduce the negative consequences of continued illicit drug use, being the ethically most debatable issue. The legal and policy positions are set by the European Council and Commission, and their translation into practice is documented centrally in the European Monitoring Centre on Drugs and Drug Addiction, showing the general trends as well as national differences. The European experience with the risk management approaches is presented in terms of research evidence on their effects and side-effects; this evidence is justifying the present practice. The perspectives for the future are set to follow the same lines, in a continued effort to find a balance of interests, in cooperation of authorities and civil society, and guided by ongoing research.
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2010
Year of Publication 2010
Issue/Part 3
Volume 22
Page 274-80
HEALTH AND SOCIAL <537>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 20056521
Status In-Process
Authors Benton D.
Authors Full Name Benton, David.
Institution
Department of Psychology, University of Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom.
Title
The plausibility of sugar addiction and its role in obesity and eating disorders.
Source
Clinical Nutrition. 29(3):288-303, 2010 Jun.
Journal Name
Clinical Nutrition
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: To consider the hypothesis that addiction to food, or more specifically sucrose, plays a role in obesity and eating disorders. METHODS: By considering the relevant literature a series of predictions were examined, derived from the hypothesis that addiction to sucrose consumption can develop. Fasting should increase food cravings, predominantly for sweet items; cravings should occur after an overnight fast; the obese should find sweetness particularly attractive; a high-sugar consumption should predispose to obesity. More specifically predictions based on the hypothesis that addiction to sugar is central to bingeing disorders were developed. Dieting should predate the development of bingeing; dietary style rather than psychological, social and economic factors should be predispose to eating disorders; sweet items should be preferentially consumed while bingeing; opioid antagonists should cause withdrawal symptoms; bingeing should develop at a younger age when there is a greater preference for sweetness. RESULTS: The above predications have in common that on no occasion was the behaviour predicted by an animal model of sucrose addiction supported by human studies. CONCLUSION: There is no support from the human literature for the hypothesis that sucrose may be physically addictive or that addiction to sugar plays a role in eating disorders. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.