/ AP Psychology Bimester 2 Exam Dec -2005
Name______

One difference between axons and dendrites is that
A. Axons are always short but dendrites can be very short or several feet long.
B. Dendrites receive information and axons carry information away from the cell.
C. Dendrites have branches but axons do not.
D. Neurons can have many axons but only one dendrite.
Which of the following statements about communication in the human nervous system is true?
A. Charged impulses carry signal within neurons, but neurons use chemicals to communicate with one another.
B. Neurons are physically connected to each other, and charged impulses shoot from one to another.
C. Chemicals carry signals within neurons, but neurons communicate by sending charged impulses from one to another.
D. Neurons are physically connected by small tubes that allow the flow of chemicals from one to another.

Standing in line outside the movie theater, John heard music coming out of someone's radio. Because he liked what he heard, he began to move to the music. Which nervous system allowed him to respond in that way?
A. AutonomicB. Parasympathetic
C. SomaticD. Sympathetic

While walking in the woods, Amy sees a bear. The sympathetic branch of her autonomic nervous system activates. What is the most likely result?
A. She remains calm and tries to conserve her body's energy.
B. She begins to sweat, and her heartbeat quickens.
C. She stops receiving information from her sensory systems.
D. Her behavior becomes instinctive, since her spinal cord takes control.

Dudley goes to the doctor for a physical exam. During the exam, the doctor strikes Dudley's kneecap, and his leg kicks forward. Dudley, having taken a psychology class, knows that this reflex is controlled by his
A. autonomic nervous system.B. parasympathetic nervous system.
C. spinal cord.D. brain.

During a fall, eleven-year-old Steven sustained an injury to his cerebellum. Consequently, before he recovered, he was unable to
A. brush his teeth.B. remember his address.
C. sing his favorite rap song.D. wake up on his own in the morning.

After an accident that resulted in injury to his brain, Matthew lost the ability to link features from two sensory systems. For instance, when he smells a rose, he recognizes the odor but he cannot visualize the flower without actually looking at it. The part of Matthew's brain that was damaged is probably the
A. amygdala.B. hippocampus.
C. reticular formation.D. hypothalamus.

One Sunday, Leslie broke her foot while skiing. A week later, while limping along on crutches, she slipped on a patch of ice and sustained a head injury in the area of the hippocampus. What is the likely status of Leslie's memories of the two events?
A. Both memories were probably erased.
B. She probably was only able to remember the more recent event of slipping on the ice.
C. She was likely only able to remember the earlier event of breaking her foot while skiing.
D. Both memories probably remained intact.

Jed is in the hospital because he damaged his Wernicke's area diving into the side of a pool. When he wants the nurse to get him a drink, he might say:
A. "Ppp uh leease ss uh mmm waaa ttt errr."
B. "Please give me water," in sign language.
C. "I'm really thirsty but I can't remember what I like to drink."
D. "Car flower out it by standard."

After having a stroke, Marty finds it difficult to communicate with others. Although he still understands what people are saying to him, he has trouble making himself understood by others. He knows what he wants to say, but the task of actually saying the words is very difficult for him. Marty's stroke most likely caused damage to which area of the association cortex?
A. Broca'sB. Bernstein's
C. Wernicke'sD. Skinner's

After having had her corpus callosum cut by surgeons, six-year-old Monica was placed in front of a device that presented visual images only to the right hemisphere of her split brain. When the doctor showed her a picture of farm animals and asked her to point to the horse and say what it is, Monica most likely
A. pointed to the horse and said, "Horse."
B. pointed to another animal and said, "Horse."
C. pointed to the horse and said, "I don't know what it is."
D. pointed to another animal and said, "I don't know what it's called."

Because her mood improved when she took an anti-depressant, Dr. Mendez surmised that Lucy had low levels of the neurotransmitter
A. acetylcholine.B. GABA.
C. glutamate.D. serotonin.

Alice accidentally knocks Brad's coffee into his lap. Brad's brain releases a neurotransmitter to help deal with the pain. What is that neurotransmitter called?
A. DopamineB. Endorphin
C. SerotoninD. Acetylcholine

Myelin is
A. fatty substance that wraps around some axons.
B. hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
C. protein component of the tangles seen in Alzheimer's disease.
D. small molecule neurotransmitter.

An action potential just traveled down to the tip of an axon. What will it do next?
A. It will "jump" to the target neuron.
B. It will travel across the synapse.
C. It will trigger the release of neurotransmitters.
D. It will gain in strength.

Which of the following is NOT true of neurons?
A. Neurons have signal senders known as axons.
B. Neurons are held together by glial cells.
C. Neurons have signal receivers known as dendrites.
D. Neurons must touch each other in order to communicate.

The fight-or-flight syndrome refers to the combined reaction to stress of the adrenal glands and which nervous system?
A. The central nervous system
B. The parasympathetic nervous system
C. The somatic nervous system
D. The sympathetic nervous system

A reflex behavior, such as withdrawing your hand when it touches a hot surface, is directed by the
A. autonomic nervous system.B. brain.
C. somatic nervous system.D. spinal cord.

The medulla is involved with which of the following:
A. Attention and arousal
B. Blood pressure and heart rate
C. Initiation of smooth movements
D. Sequencing and timing of behaviors

Tangles and plaques are associated with which of the following disorders?
A. Alzheimer'sB. Epilepsy
C. Multiple sclerosisD. Parkinson's

The two halves of the brain are connected by the
A. corpus callosum.B. locus coeruleus.
C. reticular formation.D. superchiasmatic nuclei

Which part of the cerebral cortex is likely to have sustained damage when a patient is able to speak but unable to understand neither his own speech nor what others are saying to him?
A. Broca's areaB. Motor cortex
C. Somatosensory cortexD. Wernicke's area

Which of the following is true about the lateralization of the normal brain?
A. Language abilities are more localized in the brains of women than they are for men.
B. Most people's left hemisphere has better language abilities than their right hemisphere.
C. Most people's left hemisphere has better spatial abilities than their right hemisphere.
D. Most people's left hemisphere processes music better than their right hemisphere

After a bad fall, Bernie damaged some neurons in one area of his brain. How will his brain respond to the injury?
A. By having nearby neurons sprout new axons to take over lost functions
B. By immediately generating whole new neurons in the affected area
C. By replacing the dendrites of the damaged neurons
D. By using glial cells to grow new axons for the injured neurons
After Eliot had been in Mexico for two weeks, the food no longer seemed as fiery hot as it had when he first arrived. Eliot's taste buds had undergone
A. avoidance conditioning.B. extinction.
C. habituation.D. vicarious conditioning.

Han moves into a new apartment. Soon, afterward, he is taking a shower when he hears his son flush the toilet and the water suddenly becomes extremely hot, causing Han to jump. After a few flushings during his showers, Han notices a change in his behavior; He jumps and experiences fear whenever he hears a toilet flushing. For Han, the flushing of a toilet has become
A. an unconditioned stimulus. (UCS)B. a conditioned stimulus. (CS)
C. an unconditioned response. (UCR)D. a conditioned response (CR).

Every time, little Clara blows air into her pet rabbit's face, he blinks. Soon, Clara starts to giggle right before blowing into his face. After a while, the rabbit blinks as soon as Clara starts to giggle before she has a chance to blow. In this example of classical conditioning, the rabbit's blinking the puff of air is the
A. conditioned response (CR)B. unconditioned response (UCR)
C. conditioned stimulus (CS)D. unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Han again: He jumps and experiences fear whenever he hears a toilet flushing. He decides to ask his son not to flush the toilet when he is showering but to flush the toilet as many times a day as possible when he is not showering. Which procedure is Han attempting to perform on himself?
A. ReconditioningB. Stimulus generalization
C. ExtinctionD. Stimulus discrimination

Little Erica loves to eat strawberries, cherries, red plums, and watermelon. In fact, for a while, she thought that all red things taste delicious. Then, one day, her brother gave her a red chili pepper and she promptly popped it in her mouth. After that, she was more careful about which red things she ate. Erica's new wariness is indicative of which conditioning principle?
A. Reconditioning.B. Spontaneous recovery.
C. Stimulus discrimination.D. Stimulus generalization.

Anika receives an allowance from her parents. Because she has learned that she can exchange the money for candy, toys and other treats, her allowance is a
A. primary reinforcer.B. negative reinforcer.
C. secondary reinforcer.D. unconditioned stimulus.

Joshua's mother decided to use positive reinforcement to get Joshua to clean up his room. So, she checked the room every Friday evening and if it was neat, Joshua received a dollar. As a result Joshua only cleaned his room on Friday mornings. The rest of the week, it was a mess. Without substantially increasing the reward, or having to keep tabs on how many times he's cleaned his room since it was last inspected, how could Joshua's mother get him to keep his room clean more often?
A. By using a fixed-interval schedule
B. By using a fixed-ratio schedule
C. By using a variable-interval schedule
D. By using a variable-ratio schedule

The power was out late last night when Eduardo got home. Even though he couldn't see very well, he was able to move around his apartment without much difficulty because he had
A. a conditioned stimulus.B. a cognitive map.
C. an unconditioned stimulus.D. a secondary reinforcer.

The two basic requirements for classical conditioning are a neutral stimulus and what type of behavior?
A. Learned behaviorB. Instrumental behavior
C. Operant behaviorD. Reflex behavior

What is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment?
A. The meat powderB. The sound of the tone
C. Salivating to the meat powderD. Salivating to the sound of the tone

After conditioning a dog to salivate to the sound of the tone, Pavlov stopped giving the dog the meat powder. As a result, the dog
A. gradually stopped responding to the sound of the tone.
B. immediately stopped salivating to the sound of the tone.
C. no longer salivated either to the meat, or to the sound of the tone.
D. now salivated exclusively to the sound of the tone.

The reappearance of a conditioned response after it had been extinguished and without further pairings of the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus is called
A. Reconditioning.B. Spontaneous recovery.
C. stimulus discrimination.D. stimulus generalization.
Rats can be conditioned with shock to fear a light or a buzzer, but not flavored water. Conversely, they can be conditioned with nausea to avoid flavored water, but not a light or a buzzer. The above is an example of
A. biopreparedness.B. reconditioning.
C. stimulus discrimination.D. stimulus generalization.

Thorndike discovered that an animal would repeat a behavior in the presence of a stimulus, if that behavior was rewarded in the past. This describes
A. biopreparedness.B. habituation.
C. systematic desensitization.D. the law of effect.

Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning in that
A. in classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus both precede the response, but in operant conditioning the response comes first.
B. in operant conditioning, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus both precede the response, but in classical conditioning the response comes first.
C. the processes of stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination only occur in classical conditioning.
D. the processes of stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination only occur in operant conditioning.

Negative reinforcement is
A. a combination of reward and punishment.
B. a type of punishment.
C. a type of reward.
D. neither a reward nor a punishment.
Because their teacher gives pop quizzes on a fixed interval schedule, the students can expect to have a quiz after
A. a certain amount of material has been covered.
B. a certain amount of time has passed.
C. differing amounts of material have been covered.
D. differing amounts of time have passed