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Jamestown Time Line

Glass Industry 1606 – 1624

Date

/

Event

April 1606

/
  • King James I grants charter to Virginia Company

December 20, 1606

/
  • The London Company, a branch of the Virginia Company, sends the first group of settlers (105 men and boys) to Virginia

May 13, 1607

/
  • English settlers reach JamestownIsland

January 1608

/
  • Christopher Newport brings the first supply of settlers and provisions to Virginia

September 1608

/
  • John Smith is elected President of the council
  • Newport arrives with the second supply of settlers including two English women and 8 Dutchmen (Germans) and Poles skilled in making pitch, tar, potash, soap ashes and glass.

October, November, December 1608 /
  • The glassmakers produce a “trial of glass.”
  • Newport returns to England at the end of December carrying “trials of pitch, tar, glass, frankincense and soap ashes.”

January, February 1609 /
  • A glasshouse is established a mile from James Fort across the isthmus that connects JamestownIsland to the mainland.
  • Another trial of glass is produced

June 1609

/
  • The third supply of settlers and provisions sails for Virginia—a fleet of nine ships carrying approximately 500 settlers.

July 24, 1609

/
  • The fleet is hit by a hurricane and Sea Venture, the flagship carrying all the provisions for the new settlers, is separated from the rest of the fleet and wrecks on one of the BermudaIslands.

August 1609 /
  • Six of the nine ships reach JamestownIsland

October 1609

/
  • A fleet of 5 ships leaves for England carrying an injured John Smith
  • Virginia, one of the missing ships, arrives at Jamestown
  • Sea Venture is still missing and believed lost at sea

Winter 1609 – 1610

/
  • The “Winter of the Starving Time”—the population at fort shrinks from 300 to 60 due to disease, hunger and Indian attacks

May, June 1610

/
  • Survivors of Sea Venture arrive at Jamestown having built two boats on Bermuda where they spent 10 months
  • In June the new governor, Sir Thomas Gates, decides to abandon the colony. The settlers are 10 miles from Jamestown when news of the arrival of a relief fleet reaches them and they return to the fort.
  • Martial law is declared in Virginia

September 1613

/
  • John Rolfe sends a trial of tobacco to England from Virginia

April 1614

/
  • John Rolfe and Pocahontas are married in Jamestown—the marriage ends several years of warfare between the settlers and Virginia Indians.

November 1617

/
  • Pocahontas dies in England

1619 /
  • Martial law is replaced with common law, still in use today, and the first General Assembly meets
  • The first documented account of Africans arriving in the colony
  • Land is granted to investors in the London Company
  • The London Company sends a number of unmarried women to Virginia
  • Orphans are sent to the colony as indentured servants

1621 /
  • London Company decides to re-establish a glass industry in Virginia
  • Capt. William Norton is in charge of the glassworks and arrives in Virginia with 4 Italian glassworkers and their families
  • They set up a glasshouse with furnaces either on the same site as the first glasshouse or on another site.

1622

/
  • An uprising of the Virginia Indians in March results in the deaths of approximately 300 to 350 English settlers.
  • The Italian glassworkers and their families survive the attack, but work at the glasshouse is stopped for a period of time
  • When work resumes, one of the Italian workers, in a rage, cracks the furnace with a crowbar causing it to explode when fired.
  • Captain Norton dies and several of the Italian workers become ill.

1623 /
  • George Sandys, resident treasurer of the colony, takes over management of the glassworks
  • The furnace is re-fired, but no glass is made for six weeks
  • The glassworkers complain about the quality of the sand
  • George Sandys has sand brought from up river, from Cape Henry and even offers to send to England for suitable sand.
  • The Italian glassworkers produce little if any glass

1624 /
  • Sandys abandons his attempts to manufacture glass in Virginia
  • James I revokes the charter of the Virginia Company and Virginia becomes a royal colony.

NOTES ON THE DVD CHART

While you are watching the DVD “The Glasshouse at Jamestowne”, use this chart to make some notes on the information presented in the DVD. There is no need to write in complete sentences; simply jot down a word or two to remind you of what you have heard. You will then be able to use your notes to complete the activities assigned by your teacher.

INTRODUCTION

Year first glass was produced in Virginia:

Reasons for establishing a glassmaking industry in Virginia:

Reasons for the failure of the first glassmaking industry:

Date of the second attempt at glassmaking in Virginia:

The second group of glassmakers came to Jamestown to make:

Reasons why the second attempt failed:

What happened to the site of the glasshouse?

How do we know where it was located?

GLASSMAKING

What jobs were needed to support glassmaking in Virginia?

Glass is made of what ingredients?

The first glassmakers made glass that was called:

Why was the glass they made green in color?

To change the color of the glass you must add:

For clear glass

For amethyst glass

For blue glass

Silica came from:

Lime came from:

Cullet came from:

Potash was made from:

Soda ash was made from:

The four furnaces used in glassmaking were called:

1.

2.

3.

4.

The “working hole” was where the glassblower:

What were the next steps taken by the glassblower to make a piece of glass?

The “glory hole” was where the finisher:

What did the finisher do to complete the process of making a piece of glass?

How would you describe glassmaking in the 17th century?

Do we know for certain if glass beads were made at Jamestown?

Glassmaking did not succeed in Virginia. What product became the economic mainstay of the Virginia Colony?