Graduation Test Review from the Power point #’s 344 to 479.
344. The Enlightenment
• Philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of ______345. Bolshevik revolution
• The ______Revolution also known as the ______Revolution or Bolshevik Revolution
• Bolsheviks are ______
• They take over the czarist government and make it______
346. Adolf Hitler
• Dictator of ______who led the ______against the ______in WWII
347. Joseph Stalin
• Leader of ______
• Killed at least 20 million of his people in order to make Russia fully ______
348. Winston Churchill
• Leader ______of England during______
349. League of Nations
• an ______organization to promote ______and cooperation that was created by the Treaty of ______(1919): dissolved 1946.
• First attempt to have a union of ______that would guide , lead the world and stop war forever
• Current attempt is the ______
350. United Nations
• international organization, with headquarters in ______, formed to promote international ______, and cooperation under the terms of the charter signed by 51 founding countries in San Francisco in 1945.
351. Marshall Plan
• plan for______, proposed by U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall in 1947 and implemented in 1948
352. NATO
• NATO –______353. New Spain/New France
Time period? ______
• Spanish territories in the new World that included ______
• French territories in the New World that include ______in what is now Canada
354. Mayflower Compact
• The Pilgrims make an agreement to establish a______, in the cabin of the Mayflower on November 11, 1620.
• ______in the New World
• First step towards ______in the New World
355. Pilgrims and Puritans
• Pilgrims are the ______who wanted a brand ______and landed in Plymouth Mass
• Puritans wanted to ______the church and created the ______
356. Joint Stock Company
• an association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock
• Used to ______Jamestown ,Virginia 1607
357. House of Burgesses
• the first ______in colonial Virginia.
358. The First Great Migration
• Migration of people from ______to what is now the Northeastern and Southeastern United States, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Caribbean during ______
359. The second great migration
• Movement of many ______in search of a better life
• Late ______
360. Indentured Servants
• People who agreed to work for a Master ______361. Triangular Trade
• The ______portion of the Triangular trade brought ______to the ______colonies
362. Navigation Acts
• a series of laws which ______
• The Navigation Acts caused a ______in the colonies against England that ______the flames of the American Revolutionary War
363. Albany Plan of Union
• a meeting of delegates from seven American colonies, held in 1754 at Albany, New York, at which ______364. Proclamation of 1763
• The Proclamation of 1763 was issued after the end of the ______
• The Proclamation ______colonists of the thirteen colonies from settling or buying land west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• This led to considerable ______in the colonies,
365. Stamp Act-1765
• Tax by Britain on all ______
366. Boston Tea Party
• A group of angry colonists, led by Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, and others, disguised themselves as Native Americans, boarded the ships on the night of Dec. 16, 1773, and ______
• In reply Parliament passed the ______
367. Intolerable Acts
• a series of laws passed by the British in 1774 in an attempt to ______Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party; also called ______
• No supplies ______
368. Thomas Paine
• Wrote ______
• Wanted war ______
• Was a ______
369. Virginia Plan/New Jersey Plan
• VA plan gave power to ______states in the Constitutional Convention's plan for Congress
• NJ plan gave power to the ______states
370. Great Compromise
• Called the ______Compromise
• Gave us our present ______system in the Congress where states elect ______senators each and representatives are elected based on ______of states
371. Three-Fifths Compromise
• Each ______Caucasian person in the USA from the Constitution to the Civil War
372. Federalist Papers
• A series of eighty-five ______written by ______, James ______, and John Jay in the late 1780s to persuade voters ______373. Hamilton's financial plan
• Create the Federal reserve- ______
• Place excise taxes on ______
• Have ______
• Assume the Revolutionary War debts of the states
374. Whiskey Rebellion
• a revolt of settlers in western Pennsylvania in 1794 against ______
• suppressed by the militia that was called out by President George Washington
• Establishes ______
375. Neutrality Proclamation 1793
• formal announcement issued by President George Washington declaring the United ______376. ______
• 1798, four laws enacted by the Federalist-controlled U.S. Congress, designed to destroy Thomas Jefferson's Republican party
• The Alien Act gave the President the power to ______aliens suspected of activities posing a threat
• the Sedition Act did not allow spoken or written ______of the government, the Congress, or the President and virtually nullified the First Amendment freedoms of speech and the press
• Later ______
377. War of 1812
• War between England and America about ______378. Samuel Slater
• early American industrialist popularly known as the "______Industrial Revolution because he brought British ______technology to America.
• built the first ______in the United States.
379. The “Era of Good Feelings”
• The years following the end of the War of 1812 have been called the “era of good feelings” because ______380.Adams-Onis Treaty-1819
• settled a border dispute between the United States and Spain.
• In addition to granting ______to the United States, the treaty settled a boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Texas and firmly established the boundary of U.S. territory and claims through the Rocky Mountains and ______to the Pacific Ocean
• In exchange the U.S. paid Spain $5 million
381. The Trail of Tears
• The route along which the United States government______, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Creeks, to migrate to reservations west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s.
• Those on the march suffered greatly from disease and mistreatment.
382. John C. Calhoun
• Leading United States ______politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century.
• Calhoun was an advocate for ______, states' rights, limited government, and ______
• He is perhaps best known as the first Vice President to resign his office due to the disagreement with President Jackson over ______
383. Nullification theory
• The legal theory that a U.S. State has the right to nullify, ______John Calhoun developed this theory and Andrew Jackson said if he caused SC to secede from the Union he was personally coming to hang him
384. William Lloyd Garrison
• prominent American ______
• He is best known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper,______, and as one of the founders of the American ______Society.
• He promoted "______freedom or emancipation" of slaves in the United States.
385. Seneca Falls Conference
• Conference that met in Seneca Falls, NY to ______in the 1800’s
• Wrote the ______that said women were the equal of men
386. Compromise of 1850
• set of laws, passed in the midst of fierce wrangling between groups favoring slavery and groups opposing it, that attempted to give something to both sides.
• The compromise admitted ______to the United States as a “______” (no slavery) state but allowed some newly acquired territories to decide on slavery for themselves.
• Part of the Compromise included the ______, which proved highly unpopular in the North.
• Senator Henry ______was a force behind the passage of the compromise.
387. The Great Compromiser
• Congressman
• Author of the ______Compromise and Compromiser of ______
388. Kansas Nebraska Act
• act of Congress in 1854 annulling the Missouri Compromise,
• provides for the organization ______
• Permitted these territories ______through ______on the question of slavery.
389. Gettysburg Address
• the short speech made by President Lincoln on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the national cemetery at Gettysburg, Pa.
• “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal”
• ______the union and______
390. Ulysses Grant/ Robert Lee
• US Grant general of the ______armies
• R.E. Lee general of the ______armies
391. Radical
• marked by a considerable departure from the usual or traditional
• ______
• tending or disposed to make extreme changes in existing views
• constituting a political group associated with views, practices, and policies of extreme change
• advocating extreme measures to retain or restore a political state of affairs
392. Andrew Johnson and radical republicans
• Johnson takes over as President after Lincoln is assassinated. He tries to have a reconstruction ______
• Johnson agrees in the main with Lincoln but faces opposition from the radical republicans in Congress
• They wanted to ______the South
393. Reconstruction’s military districts
• At the end of the Civil War, the defeated South was a ruined land but they did not want to follow what Congress asked them to.
• In 1867, Congress enacted the Reconstruction Act, which divided the South into ______394. statutes
• a formal ______of the Legislature that commands or prohibit something, or declare policy
395. Black Codes
• series of statutes passed by the ex-Confederate states, 1865-66, dealing with the status of the newly freed slaves.
• Granted ______the right to marry, to own personal property, and to sue in court), they also provided for the segregation of public facilities
• Placed ______on the freedman's status as a free laborer, his right to own real estate, and his right to testify in court.
396. Compromise of 1877
• Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that Hayes would ______that were propping up Republican state governments in the South and allow Southerners to have ______
• The “ ______bargain”
397. Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads
• First 2 railroads to ______from the ______to the ______Ocean
• Mainly built by ______laborers
• Joined in ______
398. The Spoils System
• Pre-1880 election.
• Newly elected officials would discharge 1000’s of officeholders and ______with political favorites.
399. Jim Crow laws
• statutes enacted by Southern states and municipalities, beginning in the 1880s, that ______between blacks and whites.
• The name is believed to be derived from a character in a popular minstrel song.
• The Supreme Court ruling in 1896 in ______ that separate facilities for whites and blacks were constitutional encouraged the passage of discriminatory laws that wiped out the gains made by blacks during Reconstruction.
400. The new immigration
• Change in ______of immigrants in 1880
• Previously came from ______Europe (England, Ireland and Germany) in 1800
• In 1880 coming from ______Europe (Italians, Slavs, Russians, Jews)
401. W.E.B. Dubois and Booker T. Washington
• Dubois was an American civil rights activist who wanted ______with Whites
• Washington was an American civil rights activist who wanted ______integration of blacks into white society
402. Niagara Movement and the NAACP
• The Niagara Movement was a civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by ______
• It was named for the "mighty current" of change the group was inspired by Niagara Falls, which was near where the first meeting took place
• Later, ______founds the ______
• It called for opposition ______as well as policies of accommodation and conciliation promoted by African American leaders such as Booker T. Washington.
403. Populist Party
• political party formed primarily to express the ______protest of the late 19th cent. In some states the party was known as the People's party.
404. Panama Canal
• 1904-14
• Canal Built by the USA that linked the ______for ships
405. Big Stick Diplomacy: "Speak ______, and you will go far."
• Roosevelt said that the United States had the right to be an “international ______power” over the ______Hemisphere.
• He said that other countries did not have the authority to cause unrest in the Western Hemisphere, most specifically in reference to conflicts between Europe and Latin America
406. “Dollar” diplomacy
• the term used to describe the efforts of the United States — particularly under President William Howard Taft — to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by ______
• 407. Causes of WWI
• Arms race
• ______
• ______
• ______
• Competition
• ______
• Serbian crisis
• Assassination of Austrian Hungarian ______
408. Static- ______
409. Trench warfare
• form of warfare where both combatants have fortified positions in ______and fighting lines are not moving
• The area between opposing trench lines was known as ______
410. Wilson’s “______” 1912
• The New Freedom is the policy of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson which promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
411. The Luisitania
• Lusitania was torpedoed by ______submarine U-20 on 7 May 1915.
• 1,198 die
• The sinking turned public opinion in many countries, including the USA, against ______
• Led to America entering ______
412. The Zimmerman Telegram 1917
• was a coded telegram dispatched by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, to the German ambassador in the United States of America
• Telegram said that if ______would turn against the USA and fight them, Germany would give them ______
• When Americans heard about the telegram that had been intercepted by British code breakers , they demanded to enter ______
413. Red Scare
refers to two distinct periods of strong anti-Communism in United States history:
• first –
• second-
• These periods were characterized by ______
414. McCarthyism