Grade 9 Academic Science Review Questions

Exam Details: Date:______Time:______Room ______(worth 20 % of final mark)

Bring: Calculator, pens, pencils, eraser, water, TEXTBOOK; turn cell phones OFF!

Tips: Try old tests and quizzes. Read the text and try review questions. Summarize your notes. Make unit mind maps and study sheets. Study with a friend. Use a variety of study techniques. Come to the exam confident, well-rested and prepared to try your best!

Extra help available:

Sustainable Ecosystems

  1. Define symbiosis, predation and competition.
  2. Name and describe the four spheres that make up the Earth.
  3. Describe how nutrients can be cycled from one sphere to another. E.g. explain how carbon can be cycled from the lithosphere into the atmosphere? How can nitrogen move from the atmosphere into the lithospher?.
  4. Describe the cause and effect of eutrophication.
  5. State the source of energy for photosynthesis, and the word equation that describes the reaction of photosynthesis.
  6. State the word and chemical equation that describes the reaction of cellular respiration.
  7. Describe the cause and effect of the enhanced greenhouse effect. What are the main greenhouse gases?
  8. Describe the cause and effect of acid precipitation.
  9. Define population, limiting factor and carrying capacity.
  10. Draw and label a growth curve for a typical population.
  11. Define niche, and describe the niche of any species you choose.
  12. Describe an example of bottom-up population regulation and top-down population regulation.
  13. Define mutualism and parasitism, and describe an example for each.
  14. Define doubling time.
  15. Define ecological footprint, and describe three ways Canadians could reduce our ecological footprint.
  16. Describe three ecological services provided by rainforests, and by oceans.
  17. Define biodiversity and outline why it is important. Describe two ways in which biodiversity can be measured in a forest ecosystem.
  18. Describe three threats to biodiversity. Discuss how human negatively impact biodiversity.
  19. Define alien species and state two Canadian examples.
  20. Define overexploitation, and describe an example.
  21. Define extinction.
  22. Define environmental stewardship and restoration ecology. Provide examples of restoration ecology.
  23. Define biocontrol and describe an example.
  24. Differentiate between:

abiotic and biotictrophic level and trophic efficiency

population and communitybioaccumulation and biomagnification

predator and preykeystone species and dominant species

quadrat and transect samplingbioremediation and bioaugmentation

cellular respiration and fermentationprimary consumer and secondary consumer

evaporation and condensationalien species and native species

Atoms, Elements and Compounds

1. Be familiar with the appropriate WHMIS symbol(s) for various chemicals in the workplace.

2. a) Differentiate between independent, dependent and control variables.

b) Question: Does the amount of sleep you get the night before an exam affect the mark you will get on the exam?

Write a hypothesis. Identify the independent, dependent and at least 3 control variables.

3. a)Differentiate between a quantitative and qualitative observation.

b) Identify which type each of the following observations falls under:

i) blue sky ii) 15 birdsiii) thick fluidiv) many light bulbsv) 17.5 V

4. a) Define density. State the formula used to calculate density.

b) An object has a mass of 9 kg and a volume of 4.5 L. Calculate its density, and show a complete GRASS solution.

c) Will the object in c) float or sink in water? in alcohol? in mercury? Explain your answer for each.

d) If mercury (13.6 g/cm3), carbon tetrachloride (1.6 g/cm3), mineral oil (0.8 g/cm3) and water (1.0 g/cm3) are all

put into a graduated cylinder, state the order in which they would appear from bottom to top.

  1. a) Use the Particle Theory to explain why objects expand when heated and contract when cooled.

b) Use the Particle Theory to explain the difference between solids, liquids and gases.

c) Use the Particle Theory to explain changes of state like condensation, melting, and sublimation.

6. a) Classify matter into pure substances and mixtures. Give an example of each type.

b) Classify air, sugar, raisin bran cereal and carbon using your classification chart.

c) Differentiate between heterogeneous and homogeneous.

7. Differentiate between:

metals and nonmetalsmalleability and viscosity

compounds and elementsprotons and neutrons

atomic number and atomic massalkali metals and halogens

atoms and moleculescorrosion and combustion

solute and solventhalogens and alkali metals

stability and toxicityThomson’s and Rutherford’s atomic models

  1. Differentiate between chemical and physical changes. List several clues that indicate a chemical change has taken place.
  2. Describe three examples of chemical properties.
  3. Outline the main contribution to the model of the atom made by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr and Chadwick.
  4. a) Define and give an example of a metalloid.

b) State two properties that metalloids could share with non-metals.

c) State two properties that metalloids could share with metals.

  1. a) Explain why hydrogen is in Column 1 of the Periodic Table.

b) Describe the main difference between hydrogen and all the other elements in Column 1.

c) Describe how the elements are placed in rows (or periods) of the Periodic Table.

13. a)Identify and describe the subatomic particles that make up an atom.

b) If an atom gains or loses an electron what is it called?

c) Define isotope.

14. a)Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of He, Cl and S.

b)Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for: C atom, O atom, Mg atom, F atom

c)State the standard atomic notation for Fe and Ne.

15. a) Describe the physical properties of oxygen gas, carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas.

b) If you were given all 3 gases, describe how you could chemically test them to confirm which gas was which.

Describe the specific splint test for each and the expected positive result.

Characteristics of Electricity

1. Differentiate between charging by friction, contact, and induction. Use diagrams to show the movement of electrons and the position of protons to illustrate the charge build up.

  1. Describe how lightning is formed. What precautions can be taken to avoid strikes?
  2. Explain how lightning rods work.

4. Use the electrostatic series to predict the charges that will result if wool and glass are rubbed together. What if rubber and plastic are rubbed together?

5. State the laws of static charge.

6. Differentiate between:

cell and batteriesammeter and voltmeter

parallel and series circuitsstatic and current electricity

current and potential differenceelectrode and electrolyte

coulomb and amperedirect and alternating current

step-up and step-down transformerskilowatt and kilowatt·hour

base load and peak loadrenewable and non-renewable energy sources

  1. What are the components of a circuit? Draw a schematic diagram of a complete circuit with a lightbulb, a switch and a 6 volt battery composed of four 1.5 V dry cells connected in series. What would happen to the voltage across the lightbulb if another lightbulb was added in series to the circuit? Explain if the same thing would happen if the lightbulb was connected in parallel instead, and draw the circuit diagram for this circuit as well.
  2. Describe how an ammeter and a voltmeter should be connected in a circuit in order to get useful measurements.
  3. Define electrical resistance. Describe what happens to the resistance in a circuit if the current is doubled.
  4. a) State two factors that can affect the resistance of a wire in a circuit.

b) Draw the symbol for a resistor.

  1. Re-do assignments, tests and quizzes to practice solving problems involving calculations for Ohm’s Law. Know

the units and be able to modify the equations.

  1. State what happens to the current, from the source, in a circuit if more loads are added in series. State what happens to the current, from the source, if more loads are added in parallel.
  2. Describe the function of fuses and circuit breakers in home wiring.
  3. Define “power rating” of an electrical appliance. Describe why the actual power used may be different than the power rating.
  4. Describe how the cost of using an electrical appliance can be calculated.
  5. Describe what a smart meter is used for.
  6. Describe time of use pricing for electricity. Explain why there are different prices depending on time of day.
  7. Define phantom load and state an example.
  8. State two examples of non-renewable energy sources, and two examples of renewable sources.

The Study of the Universe

  1. a) Describe how early astronomers marked the passage of time using observations of the sky.

b) Explain why these observations were important to early civilizations.

  1. Differentiate between:

rotation and revolutionconstellation and asterism

apparent and absolute magnitudeellipse and circle

comet and asteroidmeteoroid and meteorite

natural and man-made satellitesnebula and supernova

  1. Draw a diagram to show why the seasons change in the Northern Hemisphere. Label the Sun, and draw the position of Earth four times on the diagram to show its location and the season at that time. Use an arrow to show the direction of Earth’s orbit around the Sun.
  2. Describe what causes the phases of the Moon.
  3. Describe the cause and effect of retrograde motion. Name two planets that show this type of motion.
  4. Describe three unique properties for each planet in our solar system.
  5. Name the celestial objects that are considered part of our solar system. Name the planets in order from the Sun outward.
  6. State the unit used to describe astronomical distances within our solar system. Define the following units and put them in order of increasing size: kilometer, light year, AU
  7. Describe the orbit of a comet, and explain the formation and direction of pointing of its tail.
  8. a) Describe the importance of Polaris. Describe how pointer stars can be used to locate this star.

b)Explain why Polaris never seems to change location in the night sky.

c)Describe the use of pointer stars. Use Orion as an example.

  1. a) State the name of the surface of the Sun.

b) Explain how the Sun formed, and describe the nuclear fusion process.

c) Describe the events in the evolution of a Sun-sized star, including the name of the star that it will eventually become.

  1. Define sunspot. Explain the cause and effects of solar flares.
  2. Outline three reasons the Sun is important to life on Earth.
  3. Describe what is shown by a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
  4. Describe the relationship between temperature and colour of stars. Use examples in your answer.
  5. Use diagrams to explain lunar and solar eclipses.
  6. Discuss some of the challenges of sending humans into space. Name two Canadian astronauts.
  7. Define galaxy and name two examples of shapes of galaxies.
  8. Define the Local Group.
  9. Outline the generally accepted theory of the origin of the universe.
  10. Outline the evidence provided by red-shift. Describe what is shown by the images from COBE and WMAP.