Gofokflnsfsf T ; F K Rjifl O

Gofokflnsfsf] t];|f] k~rjifL{o

/0fgLlts of]hgf

-@)&!–)&^_

-l56f] 5l/6f] Gofo, ;a}sf] nflu Gofo_

dWofjlw d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, g]kfn

@)&$ h]7

>L ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k"0f{ a}7ssf] lg0f{o

ldlt @)&$ ;fn h]7 !& ut] a'wjf/ ck/fGx !M#) ah] ;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{Ho"sf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf dfggLo GofofwLzHo"x¿sf] of] k"0f{ a}7s
b]xfoadf]lhd lg0f{o ub{5 M

;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L uf]kfn k/fh'nL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L bLks/fh hf]zL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L cf]dk|sfz ld>

dfggLo GofofwLz >L b]j]Gb| uf]kfn >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L rf]n]Gb| zdz]/ h=a=/f=

dfggLo GofofwLz >L hubLzk|;fb zdf{ kf}8]n

dfggLo GofofwLz >L bLkss'df/ sfsL{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L s]bf/k|;fb rfln;]

dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;f/bfk|;fb l3ld/]

dfggLo GofofwLz >L dL/f v8sf

dfggLo GofofwLz >L xl/s[i0f sfsL{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L ljZjDe/k|;fb >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L O{Zj/k|;fb vltj8f

dfggLo GofofwLz >L cfgGbdf]xg e§/fO{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L clgns'df/ l;Gxf

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfzdfg l;+x /fpt

dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;kgf k|wfg dNn

dfggLo GofofwLz >L t]h axfb'/ s]=;L=

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k'?iff]Qd e08f/L

lg0f{o g+= !

Gofokflnsfsf] t];|f] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgf -@)&!–)&^_ sf] dWofjlw d'NofÍg
k|ltj]bg pk/ 5nkmn eO{ kl/dfh{g ;lxt kfl/t ul/of] .

e"ldsf

Goflos ;'wf/sf k|of;x¿nfO{ of]hgfa4 ¿kdf cuf8L a9fpg] :ki6 b[li6sf]0fsf ;fy Gofokflnsfsf] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] ;'¿jft @)^! ;fnb]lv ePsf] xf] . klxnf] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 ;'¿ ePsf] of]hgfa4 ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] z[ª\vnfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} xfn t];|f] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] dWofjlw r/0f;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5 . of]hgfsf] ;'¿jftsf] ;dodf cbfntn] cfkm}+n] to u/]sf] of]hgfdf cfwfl/t eO{ of]hgfa4 ¿kdf cfkm\gf sfd sf/afxLnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;S5 eGg] s'/f cfkm}+df ckTofl/nf] ljifo /x]sf] lyof] . /fli6«o of]hgfdf Gofokflnsfsf] ljifonfO{ vf;} g;d]l6Psf] / Gofokflnsfsf] nflu of]hgf agfpg ;lsg] s'/fdf g} z+sf /x]sf] tTsfnLg k[i7e"lddf Gofokflnsfn] cfˆgf kl/b[Zo, kl/nIo / cfwf/e"t d"Nox¿ kl/eflift ub}{ /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] th{'df ug]{ sfo{ lglZrt¿kdf r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] lyof] . of]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/ hgzlQmsf] cefj tyf ;Lldt ;|f]t ;fwgsf] afah'b Gofokflnsfn] /0fgLlts of]hgfx¿sf] ;kmntfk"j{s th{'df ub}{ of] cj:yf;Dd cfOk'Ug' cfkm}+df pT;fxk|b 5 . of]hgf th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ blIf0f Pl;ofs} klxnf] Gofokflnsf x'g] uf}/j;d]t xfdLnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

;'wf/ cgj/t ¿kdf rln/xg] k|lqmof ePsfn] o;sf] clGtd uGtJo eGg] x'Fb}g . of]hgfsf] th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog k|f/De eP;Fu} gofFgofF r'gf}tLx¿ ylkFb} hfG5g\, h;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ yk ;'wf/ cfjZos x'G5 . Gofokflnsfdf klxnf] of]hgf k|f/De ePkZrft\sf] o; cjlwdf /fli6«o hLjgdf ;d]t w]/} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] ;+j}wflgs, /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs kIfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g;Fu} Gofokflnsfk|lt cfd gful/ssf] ck]Iff klg j9]sf] 5, h'g :jfefljs xf] . cem ;+qmd0fsfnLg ;doaf6 nfdf] ;do;Dd u'h|]sf] / nf]stGqsf] hu ev{/} a:b} u/]sf] xfd|f] h:tf] d'n'sdf Gofokflnsfsf] lhDd]jf/L klg :jfefljs ¿kdf a9\g uPsf] 5 . o; k[i7e"lddf Gofokflnsfaf6 k|jfx x'g] ;]jfnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfO{ GofokflnsfnfO{ ;a}sf] cf:yfsf] w/f]x/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/fO/fVg' kg]{ r'gf}tL xfd|f] ;fd' /x]sf] 5 .

t];|f] /0fgLlts of]hgfn] Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{nfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] t'Nofpg], Goflos k|lqmofnfO{ cg'dfgof]Uo agfpg], Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ kx'Frof]Uo agfpg] / Gofokflnsfk|lt cf:yf / ljZjf; clej[l4 ug]{;d]tsf rf/j6f nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . of]hgfsf] dWofjlw;Dd cfOk'Ubf tL nIo k|flKtdf s] slt pknlAw xfl;n eof] / s] slt cGt/ /xg uof] eGg] d"Nofª\sg u/L afFsL cjlwsf] sfo{lbzf to ug'{ ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . To;}n] dWofjlw d"Nofª\sgsf qmddf of]hgfsf] nIo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu k|If]k0f ul/Psf /0fgLlt, tL /0fgLlt cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfk tyf sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rsnfO{ dfgs -Standard_ sf] ¿kdf u|x0f u/L lgwf{l/t dfgsnfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg;Fu t'ngf -Benchmarking_ ub}{ k|To]s lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;dLIff ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . o; qmddf d"Nofª\sgsf] k|lqmof / ljlw ;DaGwdf lj1x¿;Fu k/fdz{ ul/Psf] lyof] . tYofª\s ;ª\sng, tYofª\ssf] tflnsLs/0f, ljZn]if0f, k|:t'tLs/0f Pj+ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fusf] 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof klg d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofsf] dxTjk"0f{ cjojsf ¿kdf /x] . ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf / :jfldTjsf] k|ZgnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s u|x0f ub}{ xfdLn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ ;s];Dd Jofks agfpg] k|of; u/]sf lyof}+ . o; qmddf pRr cbfnt:t/df / ljifout÷If]qut ¿kdf ljleGg k/fdz{ a}7sx¿ cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP . GofofwLz, sd{rf/L, ;/sf/L jlsn, sfg"g Joj;foL, k|x/L, ;]jfu|fxL nufotsf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOPsf tL sfo{qmdx¿df JoQm ePsf ljrf/ / wf/0ffx¿ d"Nofª\sgsf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf /x] . k/fdz{ a}7sx¿af6 of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf, sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf r'gf}tLx¿ tyf of]hfgfsf] ;kmntfk"j{s sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu cfufdL lbgdf rfNg'kg]{ /0fgLltx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ldxLg ¿kdf a'‰g] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . To;}u/L of]hgfn] lglb{i6 u/]sf nIox¿,sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf k|of;x¿, k|fKt pknlAwx¿ tyf of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf sdLsdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ j:t'lgi7 eO{ cWoog / ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L ljZn]if0f ug]{ qmddf s'g} k|sf/sf] k"jf{u|x x'g glbg]tkm{ ljz]if ¿kdf ;r]t /xFb} cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt ljifo lj1x¿;Fu klg lg/Gt/ 5nkmn / k/fdz{ u/L k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ul/Psf] lyof] .

t];|f] of]hgf nfu" ePkZrft\ ePsf] ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{g, dxfe"sDksf] k|efj, /fhgLlts cl:y/tf, ;+qmd0fsfnLg ;dosf] k|efjnufotsf k|lts"ntfsf] afah'b klg ;du|tfdf Gofokflnsfn] w]/} pknlAwx¿ xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . Gofokflnsfsf] :j¿ksf] ;DaGwdf gofF ;+ljwfgn] ;f/e"t ¿kdf kl/jt{g gu/]sf] eP tfklg gofF ;+ljwfgn] c+uLsf/ u/]sf] ;+3Lotf / ;dfj]lztf nufotsf d"No / dfGotf;Fu Gofokflnsf klg ;dfof]lht x'g' kg]{ cj:yf 5 . o;} cg'¿k ;ftj6} k|b]zdf pRr cbfntsf] u7g eO{ ;f] cGtu{tsf Ohnf;x¿ ;d]t u7g ePsf 5g\ . gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] sf/0faf6 l;lh{t kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{nfO{ ljZn]if0f ub}{} /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] afFsL cjlwsf] nflu xfn ljBdfg lqmofsnfkx¿df s]xL yk36 u/L ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} tL lqmofsnfkx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu cfjZos ah]6sf] ;d]t k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 .

Gofokflnsfsf] t];|f] /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu ;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{Ho"af6 d]/f] ;+of]hsTjdf dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg lgb]{zs ;ldlt u7g ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ of] lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ug{' eO{ lj/f6gu/ tyf t'n;Lk'/df cfof]lht k/fdz{ a}7sdf :jo+ pkl:yt ;d]t x'g' eO{ xfdLnfO{ xf};nf k|bfg ug{'ePsf]df ;DdfggLoHo"k|lt xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' . ljleGg :yfgdf ePsf] k/fdz{ sfo{qmdx¿df ;xeflutf hgfO{ d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofdf k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg u/L ;fy lbg' ePsf]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf dfggLo GofofwLzx¿>L uf]kfn k/fh'nL / >L bLks/fh hf]zL tyf Gofo kl/ifbsf dfggLo ;b:ox¿ >L /fdk|;fb l;6f}nf / >L kbdk|;fb j}lbsk|lt klg xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .

d]/f] g]t[Tjdf u7g ePsf] dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg lgb]{zs ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf
dfggLo GofofwLzx¿ >L O{Zj/k|;fb vltj8f /8f=>L cfgGbdf]xg e§/fO{, /fli6«o Goflos k|lti7fgsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs dfggLo >L s]z/L/fh kl08t, pRr cbfnt, kf6gsf dfggLo d'Vo GofofwLz >L 6+saxfb'/ df]Qmfg, pRr cbfntsf dfggLo GofofwLz >L ljgf]b zdf{, gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf >L jb|Lk|;fb uf}td, sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnosf ;lrj >L sdnzfnL l3ld/], Gofo kl/ifb\sf ;lrj >L gxs'n ;'j]bL, ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf /lh:6«f/ >L g[kWjh lg/f}nf, sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf dfggLo GofofwLz >L k'¿iff]Qd 9sfn, cy{ dGqfnosf ;x;lrj >L /fdz/0f k'8f;}gL, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf ;x;lrj >L vf]d/fh sf]O/fnf, g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;gsf cWoIf >L z]/axfb'/ s]=;L= / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf ;x/lh:6«f/ >L eb|sfnL kf]v/]nn] lgjf{x ug'{ePsf] ;lqmo / dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsfsf nflu xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .

To;}u/L dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg lgb]{zs ;ldltsf ;b:o dfggLo GofofwLz >L ljgf]b zdf{sf]
;+of]hsTjdf ul7t dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg sfo{ ;d"xsf ;+of]hssf ;fy} ;b:ox¿ dfggLo GofofwLz åo >L pd]z sf]O/fnf / 8f= >L /d]zk|;fb l/hfn, ;x /lh:6«f/ åo >L nfnaxfb'/ s'Fj/ / >L eb|sfnL kf]v/]n tyf Ohnf; clws[t åo >L ;Gb]z >]i7 / ;+lhj kf]v/]nn] ljleGg c;'ljwfsf afah'b cys d]x]gtåf/f d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg u/L ;dod} k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{
of]ubfg ug'{eof] . pxfFx¿n] k'¥ofpg'ePsf] of]ubfgsf nflu d x[bob]lv g} wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

To;}u/L /fli6«o Goflos k|lti7fgsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs dfggLo >L s]z/L/fh kl08tn] ljleGg
k/fdz{ sfo{qmddf ;d]t ;xeflutf hgfO{ dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfj ;d]t lbO{ d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofdf u'g nufpg' ePsf] 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf /lh:6«f/ >L g[kWjh lg/f}nfn] ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkgsf ;fy} dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfj ;Nnfx k|bfg ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfFx¿n] k'¥ofpg' ePsf] k|z+;fo'Qm of]ubfgsf] pRr d"Nofª\sg
ub{5' . t];|f] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{dfsf] qmddf sfo{;d"xsf] ;b:osf ¿kdf ;xefuL x'g'ePsf dfggLo lhNnf GofofwLz >L ;"o{k|;fb k/fh'nLn] d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg kl/dfh{gsf] r/0fdf sfo{;d"xdf ;fd]n eO{ ug'{ ePsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]usf lgldQ pxfFnfO{ klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . To;}u/L dfggLo lhNnf GofofwLz åo >L /fh's'df/ vltj8f / >L ljb'/ sf]O/fnfn] klg k|ltj]bg kl/dfh{gdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' ePsf] 5, pxfFx¿nfO{ klg d ljz]if wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .

d"Nofª\sgsf] k|lqmofdf /fo k/fdz{ Pj+ ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg' x'g] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf ;x
/lh:6«f/x¿ >L dx]Gb|gfy pkfWofo, >L ljdn kf}8]n, >L xl//fh sfsL{ / >L ddtf vgfnnfO{ klg d wGojfb JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .

of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] ljQLo k|If]k0fsf ;fy} k/fdz{ sfo{qmdx¿sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg n]vf tyf Joj:yfkg lj1 >L /fhgs'df/ s];L, k/fdz{ sfo{qmdx¿sf] Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] /fli6«o Goflos k|lti7fgsf /lh:6«f/ >L dfgaxfb'/ sfsL{, pklgb]{zs >L kf/; kf}8]n, n]vf clws[t >L s]zj bfxfn / n]vfkfn >L ;f}/e e'iffnnfO{ klg d wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

k|ltj]bgsf] ;+/rgf, d"Nofª\sg k4lt Pj+ tYofª\s k|:t'ltsf ;DaGwdf ;'emfj k/fdz{ k|bfg ug'{ x'g] Joj:yfkg tyf of]hgflj1x¿ 8f=>L z+s/ zdf{, 8f=>L >Ls[i0f >]i7, 8f=>L lbg]z kGt, 8f= >L z+s/ vgfn / >L afnuf]ljGb lji6nfO{ klg d xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' . d"Nofª\sgsf] qmddf cfjZos tYofª\s pknJw u/fpg] tyf cGo Joj:yfksLo sfo{df cxf]/fq vl6O{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, cg';Gwfg tyf of]hgf dxfzfvfsf clws[tx¿ >L /fdrGb| v8\sf, >L ¿b|dl0f lu/L, >L lbk]Gb| yfkfdu/, >L ljZjf; ;'g'jf/, >L k"hf vqL, ;"rgf k|ljlw dxfzfvfsf ;km\6j]o/ 8]enk/ >L uf}/Lgfy sf]O/fnfsf ;fy} cGo sd{rf/Lx¿ >L cgdf]ndl0f e§/fO{, >L c~hos'df/ kf]v/]n, >L 6f]kaxfb'/ k'g, >L xl/ dxh{g, >L lzjxl/ sfsL{ / >L rGb|jL/ k't'jf/sf] of]ubfgnfO{ d ljz]if ¿kdf :d/0f ug{ rfxG5' .

of]hgf d"Nofª\sgsf] sfo{df k|fljlws ;xof]u ;dGjosf nflu /fli6«o Goflos k|lti7fg tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd, sfg"gL zf;g tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f k|0ffnL ;anLs/0f sfo{qmdk|lt wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .

cGTodf, d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofdf ;xefuL ;a}sf] ;+o'Qm of]ubfgsf] pkhsf ¿kdf /x]sf] of] k|ltj]bgdf of]hgfsf] afFsL cjlwsf] sfof{Gjog of]hgf;d]t k|:t't ePsf] 5 . of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] nIo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu o;sf] sfof{Gjog kIf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . of]hgfsf] dWo cjlwdf ul/Psf] o;
k|sf/sf] d"Nofª\sgaf6 of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf b]vf k/]sf ;d:of / r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
of]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'Ug] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

cf]dk|sfz ld>

GofofwLz, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt

;+of]hs,dWofjlw d"Nofª\sglgb]{zs ;ldlt

sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z

Gofokflnsfn] cfkm\gf sfd sf/afxLnfO{ of]hgfa4 9+un] cufl8 a9fpg] k|oTg :j¿k @)^! ;fndf klxnf] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df ul/Psf] lyof] . klxnf] of]hgf sfof{Gjogkl5 :jfefljs ¿kdf d'2f km5\of}{6sf] b/ a9]/ uPsf] 5 . k'/fgf d'2fx¿sf] aSof}tf Go"gLs/0fdf pNn]Vo ;kmntf k|fKt ePsf] / km};nf sfof{Gjog k|lt ;+j]bgzLntf b]lvPsf] l:ylt 5 . ef}lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtfdf k|ult ePsf] / Goflos sfd sf/afxLnfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfa4 ug]{ k|lqmofdf klg pNn]Vo k|ult ePsf] s'/f tYofª\saf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . oL / o:t} pknlAwx¿sf] hudf pleP/ bf];|f] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgf -@)^^÷^& – @)&)÷&!_ th'{df ul/Psf] / To;sf] sfof{Gjogkl5 clxn] t];|f] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgf -@)&!÷&@ – @)&%÷&^_ df cfwfl/t eO{ Gofokflnsfn] cfkm\gf] ;'wf/ k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 . t];|f] of]hgfdf d"ntM Gofo;Dkfbgsf] sfo{nfO{ l56f]5l/tf] t'Nofpg], Goflos k|lqmofnfO{ cg'dfgof]Uo agfpg], Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ kx'Frof]Uo agfpg] / Gofokflnsfk|lt cf:yf / ljZjf; clej[l4 ug]{ nIo lgwf{/0f u/L plNnlvt nIo xfl;n ug{ /0fgLltx¿ to ul/Psf] 5 .

t];|f] of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog cjlwnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ x]bf{ cfwf cjlw Joltt e};s]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf of]hgfsf] dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg u/L To;af6 xfl;n ePsf pknlAwx¿sf] hu]gf{ ug'{sf ;fy} klxrfg ePsf ;d:of Pj+ r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ub}{ of]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] dfu{ k|z:t ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . ToxL cfjZostf af]w u/L dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg k|of]hgsf nflu of]hgf cg';Gwfg tyf afXo ;xof]u Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]] lg0f{o cg';f/ /0fgLlts of]hgf dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg lgb]{zs ;ldlt / of]hgf dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg sfo{ ;d"xsf] u7g ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{;d"xnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] sfof{b]z / lj1x¿;Fusf] k/fdz{;d]tsf cfwf/df dWofjlw d"Nofª\sgsf nflu cfjZos k4lt / k|lqmof lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . lgwf{l/t cWoog k4ltdf cfwfl/t eO{ tYofª\s Pj+ ;"rgfx¿sf] ;ª\sng u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ /0fgLlts of]hgf dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg lgb]{zs ;ldltaf6 k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ul/Psf] lyof] . ;ª\slnt tYofª\s / ;"rgfsf cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ tyf lj1x¿;dIf 5nkmn u/fO{ k|fKt ePsf ;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt d"Nofª\sgsf] sfo{nfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b Ps kl/rofTds v08sf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . of]hgf d"Nofª\sg ;+oGq, d"Nofª\sgsf] p2]Zo, d"Nofª\sg k4lt / k|ltj]bgsf] :j¿ksf af/]df o; kl/R5]bdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . k|ltj]bgnfO{ b]xfosf] :j¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

kl/R5]b ! – k|f/lDes

kl/R5]b @ – t];|f] of]hgfsf] dWofjlw ;dLIff

kl/R5]b # – ;Gbe{ ljZn]if0f

kl/R5]b $ – Gofokflnsfsf] kl/b[Zo, kl/nIo / d"Nox¿

kl/R5]b % – nIox¿sf] lgwf{/0f / nIo k|flKtsf /0fgLltx¿

kl/R5]b ^ – nIo, p2]Zo / /0fgLltx¿sf] sfof{Gjog of]hgf

kl/R5]b & – of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf ;Defljt hf]lvdx¿ tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf

kl/R5]b * – of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos ah]6sf] k|If]k0f

k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b b'O{df t];|f] of]hgfsf] dWofjlw;Ddsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfnfO{ tYofª\saf6 k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf nIox¿, To; cGtu{tsf /0fgLltx¿ / k|To]s lqmofsnfksf] ;dLIff u/L To;af6 xfl;n ul/Psf] cg'e"ltsf] k|:t'tLs/0f ;d]t o; kl/R5]bdf ul/Psf] 5 .

Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{nfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] t'Nofpg] -nIo !_ nIo k|flKtsf] nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf $ j6f /0fgLltx¿sf] ;du| sfo{x¿ %! / pQm sfo{x¿ cGtu{t *) j6f lqmofsnfkx¿ lgwf{/0f ePsf]df pQm lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rssf cfwf/df ;dLIff ubf{ cf}iftdf ^#=$* k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L Goflos k|lqmofnfO{ cg'dfgof]Uo agfpg] -nIo @_ nIo k|flKtsf] nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf @ j6f /0fgLltx¿sf] ;du| sfo{x¿ * / pQm sfo{x¿ cGtu{t * j6f lqmofsnfkx¿ lgwf{/0f ePsf]df pQm lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rssf cfwf/df ;dLIff ubf{ cf}iftdf &%=)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] b]lvg cfof] . Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ kx'Frof]Uo agfpg] -nIo #_ nIo k|flKtsf] nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf % j6f /0fgLltx¿sf] ;du| sfo{x¿ @& / pQm sfo{x¿ cGtu{t @( j6f lqmofsnfkx¿ lgwf{/0f ePsf]df pQm lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rssf cfwf/df ;dLIff ubf{ cf}iftdf *$=!$ k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . Gofokflnsfk|lt cf:yf / ljZjf; clea[l4 ug]{ -nIo $_ nIo k|flKtsf] nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf % j6f /0fgLltx¿sf] ;du| sfo{x¿ !% / pQm sfo{x¿ cGtu{t @! j6f lqmofsnfkx¿ lgwf{/0f ePsf]df pQm lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rssf cfwf/df ;dLIff ubf{ cf}iftdf ^&=^@ k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] b]lvg cfof] . lgwf{l/t nIo k|flKtsf nflu Joj:yfksLo sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt ( j6f ;xof]uL /0fgLltx¿cGtu{t ;du| sfo{x¿ !*# / pQm sfo{x¿cGtu{t @)& j6f lqmofsnfkx¿ lgwf{/0f ePsf]df @)^ j6f lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rssf cfwf/df ;dLIff ubf{ cf}iftdf &!=#% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

o;/L ;du|df $ j6f nIox¿, tL nIo k|flKtsf nflu lgwf{l/t !^ /0fgLltx¿ tyf nIo k|flKtsf nflu ;xof]uL /0fgLltx¿ ( ;d]t @% /0fgLltx¿, tL /0fgLltx¿ cGtu{t lgwf{l/t d'Vo sfo{x¿ @*$ / ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ lqmofsnfkx¿ #$$ nfO{ of]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;"rssf cfwf/df ;dLIff ubf{ cf}iftdf &@=#@ k|ltzt pknlAw xfl;n ePsf] b]lvof] . h;nfO{ b]xfosf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

;du| cf}ift sfo{ ;Dkfbg

nIox¿ / /0fgLltx¿sf] ;ª\Vof / hDdf sfo{ / lqmofsnfk÷;"rs ;ª\Vof / k"0ff{ª\s / hDdf k|fKt cË\s ef/ / cf}ift sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|ltzt
! / $ / %! / *) / ^#=$*
@ / @ / * / * / $) / #) / &%=))
# / % / @& / @( / !$% / !@@ / *$=!$
$ / % / !% / @! / !)% / &! / ^&=^@
;xof]uL -Supportive_ /0fgLltx¿ / ( / !*# / @)^ / !)#) / &#% / &!=#%
hDdf / @% / @*$ / #$$ / &@=#@

k|:t't of]hgf th'{df ug]{ qmddf Gofokflnsfsf] ;du| sfd sf/afxLnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ tTjx¿sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;/L klxrfg ul/Psf tTjx¿nfO{ cfGtl/s / afXo sfo{jftfj/0fsf ¿kdf ljZn]if0f;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . of]hgfsf] dWofjlw d"Nofª\sg;Dd cfOk'Ubf of]hgf th'{dfsf qmddf klxrfg / ljZn]if0f ul/Psf w]/}h;f] ljifox¿ cem};Dd ;fGble{s g} /x]sf 5g\ . plNnlvt kl/j]zdf kl/R5]b tLg n] ;Gbe{ ljZn]if0f k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . ljZn]if0faf6 of]hgf k|f/De x'Fbfsf sltko ;d:ofx¿ oyfjt\ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] kl/jlt{t ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL Joj:yfn] of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t k|efj kf/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . k|:t't kl/R5]bdf of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf ePsf] ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL kl/jt{gsf] k|efj, of]hgfn] lnPsf] nIo / sfof{Gjogaf6 ePsf] k|ultaLrsf] cGt/ -Gaps_ / To;sf sf/s tTjx¿ Pj+ of]hgf th'{dfsf avt j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0fåf/f klxrfg ul/Psf Gofokflnsfsf] sfo{jftfj/0fdf k|efj kfg]{ tTjx¿sf ;fy} dWofjlw d"Nofª\sgsf] qmddf k|b]z:t/df ePsf k/fdz{x¿ tyf cGo sfo{zfnf / cGt/lqmofsf] qmddf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 JoQm ePsf ljrf/x¿ tyf lj1x¿sf] /fo k/fdz{nfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ u/L ;Gbe{ ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .