Glycolysis Puzzle: Concept Map of "Splitting of Glucose"
Glucose = 6 carbon sugar. This 6 C compound is made possible by photosynthesis!
A phosphorylation reaction adds a_____ group to the glucose.
1This reaction uses ____ ATP
[delta G = -8.0 kcal/mol]
2
2
This 6 C compound undergoes an enzyme catalyzed isomerization, i.e., a rearrangement of functional groups.
[delta G = -0.6 kcal/mole]
Phosphorylation reaction uses ______for substrate level phosphorylation.
3[delta G = -5.3 kcal/mole]
In this reaction, the 6 C sugars is split into 2,
43 carbon compounds.
[delta G = -5.3 kcal/mole]
5In this reaction, isomerase converts 1 of 3C molecules so that there are two molecules of glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate
[delta G = +0.6 kcal/mole]
In reaction 6, the enzyme catalyzes two sequential
6 reactions:
(1) The glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is oxidized. The
energy resulting from the oxidation of this 3 C compound is conserved by the reduction of the coenzyme
______to form
______.
This coenzyme has "reducing potential."
6(2) In place of the H that is removed, an inorganic PO4 group is added, producing a 3C compound that has ______PO4 groups.
[delta G = -0.4 kcal/mole]
7The phosphate group added above is transferred at this reaction step to ADP to produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation.
[delta G = +0.3 kcal/mole]
At this point in glycolysis, ______ATP’s have been used and ______ATP’s have been produced
8This 3 C compound now has ______PO4 group(s).
This 3 C compound undergoes an isomerization reaction which relocates PO4 group from the 3rd to 2nd carbon
[delta G = + 0.2 kcal/mole]
A molecule of water is removed causing a double bond to form within the C backbone. In this
9chemical state, the phosphate bond isdestabilized, which facilitates the next reaction.
[delta G = -0.8 kcal/mole
10 The PO4 group is removed and transferred to ADP resulting in the production an ______molecule via
substrate level phosphorylation.
[delta G = -4.0 kcal/mole]
The end product of glycolysis is called pyruvate.
For every one molecule of glucose, there are ______molecules of pyruvate produced.
Identify which reactions (by number) that are exergonic:
Identify which reactions (by number) that are endergonic:
Is the overall glycolysis reaction an exergonic or endergonic reaction?
Pyruvate has two biochemical fates, depending upon whether or not oxygen is present.
In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs.
In animal cells ______is reduced to lactic acid (lactate)
By the oxidation of the coenzyme ______
In yeast cells, a two step reaction occurs in which ______is reduced to ethanol, and generates CO2.
For both types of cells, the main purpose of anaerobic respiration is to regenerate the oxidized state of the coenzyme ______, which then can be used in ______(Hint” “splitting sugar reaction”), resulting in ______net molecules of ATP.
Anaerobic respiration buys some time for animal cells.
"Happy hour" is made possible through the anaerobic respiration of yeast!