Glossary of Terms: Bullying and Cyberbullying (Continued) Page 4

Glossary of Terms: Bullying and Cyberbullying (Continued) Page 4

Bakersfield City School District

Instructional Support Services and Academic Improvement and Accountability Divisions

Bullying: Definitions, Illustrations, Prevention, and Response Presentation

GLOSSARY OF TERMS: BULLYING AND CYBERBULLYING

Blog (short for web log) - A web log is usually defined as a personal or noncommercial web site that uses a dated log format (usually with the most recent at the top of the page) and contains links to other web sites along with commentary about those sites. A web log is updated frequently and sometimes groups links by specific subjects, such as politics, news, pop culture, or computers (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm)

Bulletin Board Service (BBS) - A place where people can post messages on a particular topic (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Bullying means any severe or pervasive physical or verbal act or conduct, including communications made in writing or by means of an electronic act, and including one or more acts committed by a pupil or group of pupils as defined in Education Code Sections 48900.2 (sexual harassment), 48900.3 (hate violence), or 48900.4 (harassment, threats and intimidation), directed toward one or more pupils that has or can be reasonably predicted to have the effect of one or more of the following: (a) placing a reasonable pupil(s) in fear of harm to that pupil's or those pupils' person or property; (b) causing a reasonable pupil to experience a substantially detrimental effect on his or her physical or mental health; (c) causing a reasonable pupil to experience substantial interference with his or her academic performance; or (d) causing a reasonable pupil to experience substantial interference with his or her ability to participate in or benefit from the services, activities, or privileges provided by a school (Education Code Section 48900(r)).

Bully-Victim means a student who reports both being a victim of bullying and being a perpetrator of bullying.

Burn page means an Internet Web site created for the purpose of (1) placing a reasonable pupil or pupils in fear of harm to that pupil's or those pupils' person or property; (2) causing a reasonable pupil to experience a substantially detrimental effect on his or her physical or mental health; (3) causing a reasonable pupil to experience substantial interference with his or her academic performance; (4) causing a reasonable pupil to experience substantial interference with his or her ability to participate in or benefit from the services, activities, or privileges provided by a school (Education Code 48900(r)). (A burn page is an online area where people harshly "burn" or make fun of a person)

Bystander is an individual who lacks participation in bullying scenarios as either the bully or the victim.

Chat - Real-time communication over the internet. You type and send messages that appear almost instantly on the computer monitors of the other people who are participating in the chat (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Chatroom - An interactive forum where you can talk in real-time. The chat room is the place or location online where the chat is taking place. Many chat rooms are established so that people can discuss a common interest like music or movies (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Cookie - A small file that is downloaded by some web sites to store a packet of information on your browser. These packets include information such as login or registration identification, user preferences, and online "shopping-cart" information (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Credible impersonation means to knowingly and without consent impersonate a pupil for the purpose of bullying the pupil and such that another pupil would reasonably believe, or has reasonably believed, that the pupil was or is the pupil who was impersonate. To meet the cyberbullying definition, a credible impersonation must be for the purpose of (1) placing a reasonable pupil or pupils in fear of harm to that pupil's or those pupils' person or property; (2) causing a reasonable pupil to experience a substantially detrimental effect on his or her physical or mental health; (3) causing a reasonable pupil to experience substantial interference with his or her academic performance; (4) causing a reasonable pupil to experience substantial interference with his or her ability to participate in or benefit from the services, activities, or privileges provided by a school (Education Code 48900(r)).

Cyberspace - Refers to all the computer networks on the internet. The term distinguishes the physical world from the virtual or computer-based world (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Cyberbullying - Transmission, by means of an electronic device, including, but not limited to, a telephone, wireless telephone, or other wireless communication device, computer, or pager, of a communication, including, but not limited to, any of the following: (a) a message, text, sound, or image; (b) a post on a social network Internet Web site including, but not limited to: (1) posting to or creating a burn page; (2) creating a credible impersonation of another actual pupil or (3) creating a false profile. An electronic act shall not constitute pervasive conduct solely on the basis that it has been transmitted on the Internet or is currently posted on the Internet (Education Code 48900(r))..

Cyberstalking/Harassment - Terms that can refer to the online enticement of children; rude or threatening messages; slanderous information; or repeated, unwanted messages. Watch "Angela's Experience" or read articles on this topic (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Denigration – posting mean comments online through e-mails, IM, chat rooms, “bashboards,” social networking sites, or websites set up specifically to make fun of someone.

Discussion Group - A group of people who exchange information about a common topic (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Domain Name - A name given to the numerical or internet Protocol (IP) address of a web site. For example NetSmartz.org is the domain name for this web site. A Domain Name Service (DNS) assigns domain names and translates the domain name to the IP address of the site (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Download - Putting information on your computer. You can download information from the internet, discs or CDs, and other computer (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm)s.

E-Mail (electronic mail) - A service that allows people to send messages with pictures and sounds from their computer to any other computer in the world. To send someone an e-mail message you need an e-mail account and to know the other person's e-mail address (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Exclusion – intentionally leaving someone out of an online group or community, such as IM buddy lists or friends lists on social networking pages.

False profile means a profile of a fictitious pupil or a profile using the likeness or attributes of an actual pupil other than the pupil who created the false profile. To meet the cyberbullying definition, a false profile must be for the purpose of (1) placing a reasonable pupil or pupils in fear of harm to that pupil's or those pupils' person or property; (2) causing a reasonable pupil to experience a substantially detrimental effect on his or her physical or mental health; (3) causing a reasonable pupil to experience substantial interference with his or her academic performance; (4) causing a reasonable pupil to experience substantial interference with his or her ability to participate in or benefit from the services, activities, or privileges provided by a school (Education Code 48900(r)).

Fear of harm means placing a person in the apprehension of physical injury or property damage

Flaming - online fights, through e-mail, (IM), or chat rooms where angry, rude, or offensive messages are exchanged.

Harassment - Knowing and willful course of conduct directed at a specific person which seriously alarms, annoys, or harasses the person, and which serves no legitimate purpose. The course of conduct must be such as would cause a reasonable person to suffer substantial emotional distress, and must actually cause substantial emotional distress to the plaintiff. "Course of conduct" is a pattern of conduct composed of a series of acts over a period of time, however short, evidencing a continuity of purpose. Constitutionally protected activity is not included within the meaning of "course of conduct” (Code of Civil Procedure § 527.6).

Harassment, Threats, and Intimidation - Intentionally harassing, threatening, or intimidating a student or group of students to the extent of having the actual and reasonably expected effect of significantly disrupting classwork, creating substantial disorder, and invading student rights by creating an intimidating or hostile educational environment. Battery on School Employee - Any willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon the person of another (Penal Code 242).

Hostile environment. Bullying creates a hostile environment when it is sufficiently severe, pervasive, or persistent so as to interfere with or limit a student’s participation or benefit from services, activities, or opportunities.

Impersonation means pretending to be someone else when sending or posting mean or false messages online that makes someone look bad, gets someone into trouble, or puts someone in danger.

Instant Messaging (IM) - A service that allows people to send and get messages almost instantly. To send messages using Instant Messaging you need to download an Instant-Messaging program and know the Instant-Messaging address of another person who uses the same Instant-Messaging program. Read articles on this topic (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Internet - A network of millions of computers from all over the world. The internet allows computers to trade information using telephone lines, fiber-optic cables, and satellite links. It is also referred to as the "Net" (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) - A system that enables people online to join in live discussions, allowing people to engage in real-time chat. IRC is like a CB radio for the internet. Internet Relay Chat is a virtual meeting place where people from all over the world can meet and talk (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Network - A network is created when computers are connected, allowing people to share information. The internet is an example of a large network (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Online Grooming - Using the internet to manipulate and gain trust of a minor as a first step towards the future sexual abuse, production, or exposure of that minor (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Obscene Matter - Matter, taken as a whole, that to the average person, applying contemporary statewide standards appeals to the prurient interest, that taken as a whole, depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way, and that taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value (Penal Code 311 and Miller v. California 413 U.S. 15, *37, 93 S.Ct. 2607, **2622[U.S.Cal. 1973]).

Outing – sharing secrets about someone online, including private information and pictures

Pervasive means spread throughout or spreading

Pharming - An online scam that attacks the browser's address bar. Users type in what they think is a valid web-site address and are unknowingly redirected to an illegitimate site that steals their personal information (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Phishing - An online scam that uses e-mail to "fish" for users' private information by imitating legitimate companies. People are lured into sharing user names, passwords, account information or credit-card numbers. The phishing e-mail usually contains a link to an illegitimate site. Scammers copy the look of a web site to set up a nearly identical page, one that appears to be part of that company's site (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Physical Injury - Physical pain, injury, or harm.

Post - To leave a message on a newsgroup or bulletin board (http://www.netsmartz.org/safety/definitions.htm).

Protected Classes include actual or perceived race, ethnicity, or ethnic group identification, physical or mental disability, marital or parental status, medical condition, sex or gender, age, color, ancestry, national origin or nationality, religion, limited proficiency in English, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or genetic information; or anyone associated with a person or group with one or more of the above actual or perceived characteristics.

Reasonable pupil means a pupil, including, but not limited to, an exceptional needs pupil, who exercises average care, skill, and judgment in conduct for a person of his or her age, or for a person of his or her age with his or her exceptional needs (A.B. 1729, Stats 2012)

Relational Aggressor means a bully that uses social manipulation to harm others by gossiping, threatening to withdraw friendships, or using social exclusion.

Severe means causing great discomfort, damage, or distress

Sexting is the practice of sending nude, semi-nude, or sexually suggestive photographs or messages by electronic means (computers, telephones, cell phones or other electronic devices)

Sexual violence refers to physical sexual acts perpetrated against a person’s will or where a person is incapable of giving consent due to the victim’s use of drugs or alcohol.

Sexual coercion means to induce or force compliance to engage in sexual behavior

Substantial interference means an important or significant contribution to the obstruction, hindrance, or the meddling in another's affairs Black's Law Dictionary [9th Edition] [2009]. St. Paul, MN: West Group

Sexual battery occurs when any person touches the intimate part of another person if the touching is against will of person touched and the purpose is sexual arousal, sexual gratification, or sexual abuse OR when any person touches the intimate part of another person while that person is restrained by accused/accomplice if touching is against will of person touched and the purpose is sexual arousal, sexual gratification, or sexual abuse (Penal Code 243.4).

Sexual Harassment is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal, visual, or physical conduct of a sexual nature, made by someone from or in the educational setting under any of the following conditions: (a) the conduct has the purpose or effect of having a negative impact upon the individual's work or academic performance, or of creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work or educational environment; (b) submission to, or rejection of, the conduct by the individual is used as the basis of employment or academic decisions affecting the individual; (c) submission to the conduct is explicitly or implicitly made a term or a condition of any individual's employment, academic status, or progress; and (d) submission to, or rejection of, the conduct by the individual is used as the basis for any decision affecting the individual regarding benefits and services, honors, programs, or activities available at or through the educational institution (Education Code Section 200-240; 212.5; 212.6; 48900.2; and 48915). Sexual harassment, in addition, includes discrimination on the basis of gender. Note: For the purposes of determining whether sexual harassment has occurred, a reasonable person of the same gender as the victim must determine the conduct was sufficiently severe or pervasive to have a negative impact upon the individual’s academic performance or to create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive educational environment (Education Code Section 48900.1).