GEOLOGY FINAL REVIEW 2016
You may use one 3x5 card
Geologic Time- Chapter 18
order events in a cross section. Give reasoning for each step (cross cutting relations, superposition, original horizontality, law of inclusions)
recognize unconformities (angular, nonconformity, disconformity)
describe the formation of the Michigan Basin (NOT glaciers!)
Distinguish between relative and absolute dating
Calculate radiometric dating problems
Describe how absolute dating works
Plate Tectonics - chapter 16
describe a divergent (rift) boundary, site an example
describe the 3 types of convergent boundaries, results of each, examples, physical feature
describe transform faults, give an example
describe how plates move (slab pull and convection theories)
Explain the difference between the continental drift theory and the plate tectonic theory
Use tectonics to explain the formation of: San Andreas Fault, Himalayas, Mariana Trench, Mt.St. Helens, Hawaiian Islands, Mid-Ocean Ridge
Describe how Alfred Wegner changed the science of geology
Explain how magnetic reversals support plate tectonics
What is the Moho?
Explain how Earth’s magnetic field is created
Earthquakes - chapter 15
recognize the 3 different types of faults and their stress type
calculate magnitude on the Richter scale (graph provided)
calculate epicenter distance from a seismograph (curves provided)
explain the usefulness of the Mercalli scale
describe the effects of the 3 waves emitted from an earthquake
describe what to do in an earthquake
explain how an earthquake can occur NOT at a plate boundary (examples)
describe how earthquake waves give information about the interior of the earth
Explain what creates Earth’s magnetic field
Define focus and epicenter
Explain the moment magnitude scale (what is it good for?)
Explain the formation of a tsunami
Maps
Determine the contour interval of a topo map
Describe the location of points using the land survey and lat/long method
Measure distances on a topo map
Describe the slope direction on a topo map
Determine elevations
Recognize profiles
Convert an RF scale to a verbal scale
Rivers - Chapter 9
Describe the 3 “loads” of a stream
Compare early and late stream features
describe how streams deposit floodplains, levees, deltas, alluvial fans, point bars
describe how streams erode undercut slopes, V-shaped valleys, oxbow lakes
calculate stream gradient from a topo map
Describe how a Yazoo stream forms
describe the problems with living on a floodplain and methods to prevent flooding
Use the rule of V’s to determine stream direction on a map
Determine the base level of a stream
Interpret a hydrograph
Groundwater - Chapter 10
describe an artesian well
recognize the water table and the zones of aeration and saturation
describe the best place to bury toxic waste
describe sources and problems with hard water
calculate permeability
explain how a septic tank works and the surrounding septic field
Explain the formation of groundwater erosion features (caves, sinkholes, Karst topography)
Explain problems with water contaminates ( lead, copper, arsenic, iron, nitrates)
Glaciers- Chapter 11
Recognize and explain how the following landforms are deposited by glaciers
moraineseskers
kettlesdrumlins
outwash plainskames
determine what type of sediment are in the above (till, outwash, stratified drift)
explain how the glaciers formed the Great Lakes (details!)
describe proof of glaciers in Michigan
Describe when and where the Pleistocene glaciers were
Recognize mountain glacier features (arête, horn, cirque)
Explain isostatic rebound
Explain the 3 parts of the Milakovitch theory (see textbook)
Shorelines- Chapter 13
Recognize and explain the formation of;
Spitsbaymouth bar-
Tombolowave cut platform-
Sea stacksea arch
Submergent shorelineemergent shoreline
Barrier islandslongshore currents
What is the problem with groins?
What problems do seawalls cause?
Distinguish between ocean, Great Lakes and desert sand