Geography (Rivers & Sea)

Rivers

Question / Answer
What is transportation? / Moving material downstream
What is deposition? / Dropping the material
What is the source of a river? / Where a river begins
What is a tributary? / A stream or river that joins a larger river
What is an estuary? / Where a river mouth is tidal
What is a river basin? / The entire area witch is drained by a river and its tribuataries
What is a watershed? / The high ground that separatates two river basins
Name the three ways in witch rivers change the landscape / Erosion, transportation and deposition
What does the rate of erosion depend on? / The size,speed and hardness of a river
When do rivers deposit material? / When a river looses speed,when the river flows into a sea or lake, when the slope of gradient of the river is reduced
Name the stages of a river / Youthful,mature and old age stage
Nae the processes need for erosion / Hydraulic action,attrition,abrasion and solution
What is hydraulic action? / When the force of water bashes against the bank of the river or coastline
What is attrition? / When rocks are in collision with each other
What is abrasion? / When rocks, pebbles and stones are hurled against the river bank or coastline
What is solution? / Rocks being dissolved in water
Give an example of where a meander can be found / The river Shannon
Name a feature of an old age stage / Levees, also a feature of deposition
Explain how a levee is formed / When a river is in flood and spreads its banks out over a flood plain its deposits its load. Larger particles are deposited close to the edge of the river and smaller material is deposited further away. The larger particles build up and form a leeve
Give a feature of the youthful stage in a river / Waterfalls, they are also a feature of erosion
How are waterfalls formed? / A layer of hard rock lies on a layer of soft rock, soft rock erodes faster than hard rock. The soft rock is then eroded leaving the rack rock on top to be called the overhang. The water now falls rather than flows and forms a plunge pool
Name a feature of the mature stage in a river / Meanders
Explain how a meander is formed / The outer bend of a meander is deep,and causes the water to flow more quickly,thus causing erosion. The inner bend of a river is shallow and causes the water to move more slowly,thus causing deposition
Give an example of a waterfall / Torc waterfall,Killarney
Give an example of where a levee can be found / The old age stage of the river Liffey

The Sea

Question / Answer
What are destructive waves? / Waves that erode more than they deposit
Name the features of coastal erosion / Hydraulic action, compressed air,abrasion or corrosion,attrition and solution
How can waves occur? / When wind moves across the surface of the sea
What is swash? / The forward movement a of a wave breaking onto the shore
What is a backwash? / The backward movement of a wave breaking onto the shore
What are constructive waves? / Waves that deposit more than they erode
What are waves responsible for? / Erosion, transportation and deposition of material along our coasts
Name and explain a feature of coastal erosion / Bay and headland. Bays and headlands are formed as a result of compression and abrasion. Coastlines consist of areas of hard rock and soft rock. When waves hit against the rock the soft rock(bay) is eroded more quickly than the hard rock(headland)
What is hydraulic action? / The force of water bashing against the coastline
What is compressed air? / When air gets trapped in cracks or fissures in rocks
Abrasion or corrosion? / When rocks,pebbles and stones are hurled against the coastline
Solution? / When rocks are dissolved by acids in the water e.g Limestone
Give two examples of human activity on the sea / Pollution, oil spillages and food,water
Example of bay / Dublin bay
Example of headland / Dunmore Head, co. Kerry
Give an example of a beach / Tramore, Co.Waterford
Attrition? / When rocks are in collision with each other