Geography Controlled Assessment/DME/ ALM / WJEC/ Mass Tourism Montserrat

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Geography Controlled Assessment/DME/ ALM / WJEC/ Mass Tourism Montserrat

WJEC GCSE

Controlled Assessment DME:

Exam Board Theme 10:

A report analysing to what extent mass tourism is the most effective strategy for the future which includes the candidate's reasoned and justified decision.

BOOKLET 1 – PLANNING

Title : Is mass tourism the best way to support Montserrat's 2008 - 2020 redevelopment programme?

Task 1

Teacher sets the DME task out for you & assessment (1 lesson)

Task 2

5 hours of research activities(no homework on this task) to be completed beforethe high

control conditions. These activities will provide the vital knowledge and understanding to enable you to write a report that recommends the best way to manage Antarctic ecosystems sustainably. You need to either print / make notes or copy the documents you find to your file to later use them when you write your report. Nothing will be taken out / brought into the room during this whole process.

Teachers are required to authenticate where and when candidates carry out and complete their research work under supervision and that all materials gathered and collated are monitored and stored securely. The teacher decides what materials can be carried forward to the next phase.

DME Task Setting: The WJEC Framework for the Decision Making Exercise

The Problem or issue is identified

Is mass tourism the most effective strategy for the future of redevelopment of Montserrat following the eruptions of Mt Soufriere Hills that destroyed much of the southern part of the Island in the period after 1995?



Evidence is researched and presented

• Provide evidence of the damage that occurred to the island of Montserrat after 1995 to set the scene and provide a ‘sense of place’
• Provide evidence of the need to redevelop Montserrat’s economy post 1995–(Research and provide evidence on the current state of the island in terms of population, ecology and economy in the post eruption era)
• Provide evidence that mass tourism can be developed to support growth and provide a future for communities – link perhaps to other locations in which this has happened
• Provide evidence that there are other types of tourism options available in terms of tourism development ie ecotourism / sustainable tourism – link perhaps to other locations in which this has happened
• Research methods should include referencing sources and you should recognise that sources can be biased/have limitations.
• Research should be presented in a range of ways e.g. graphs, annotation of photos, maps, tables, charts etc



Various possibilities/options are considered

Option One: Allow mass tourism to develop without any restriction as part of Montserrat's 2008 - 2020 redevelopment programme.

Option Two: Restrict the development of mass tourism to the Little Bay area with limited focus on sustainable tourism in environmentally sensitive areas

Option Three: only allow sustainable tourism to develop on the island to ensure the long term viability of recovery and investment

______



Analysis of options/possibilities/ actions

Advantages and Disadvantages of the 3 options are examined and weighed up carefully in terms of theimpact of Mass Tourism on Montserrat’s redevelopment – consideration of the different aspects and how they relate to the 5 Strategic Goals and the Core Values the island is hoping to maintain and promote as it redevelops after the volcano.



The candidate reaches a reasoned and justified decision

Recommendation is made and backed up with clear reasoning.

Awareness is shown of wider issues relating to the redevelopment of the island including its income, its ecosystems, its culture, etc with links to other topics you’ve learnt about with similar issues e.g. sustainable tourism. Awareness of any issues that may affect your recommendation and how you might attempt to resolve these issues.

DME Task Setting: Decision Making Exercise

1. a.What is the objective of the Tourism DME?

• To create a‘report’ that outlines and justifies your decision-making for redevelopment linked to tourism on the Island of Montserrat. You will recommend a ‘best option’ forthe future of tourism which features among the 5 economic goals for the island (Goal 1:Economic Management for example)

Option One: Allow mass tourism to develop without any restriction as part of Montserrat's 2008 - 2020 redevelopment programme.

Option Two: Restrict the development of mass tourism to the Little Bay area with limited focus on sustainable tourism in environmentally sensitive areas

Option Three: only allow sustainable tourism to develop on the island to ensure the long term viability of recovery and investment

You have some choice on the way your ‘report’ is presented. For example, it could be a newspaper article, a PowerPoint presentation, or a standard written report.

1. b. What is the context for this task?

(This will / should form part of your DME’s Introduction)

• Montserrat and why is redevelopment (generally) required?

• What do you know about Montserrat already? Brainstorm, mind maps?
• Why has Little Bay been chosen as a site for the development of the new capital of the island?
• What do you think is important to find out in order to help you complete this decision making exercise? To do list?
• Include photos, maps, graphs of data as evidence of background and to develop a sense of place for the report. ANNOTATE and USE the resources your present. Integrate them and refer to them in your text. Reference and source each with a title!

2. What resources can you use?

• Must have a range ofreliable resources e.g.text books, geog & science journals, newspaper articles,internet (articles, You Tube etc), travel agent brochures etc.(You must record the book/magazine/website address, author, page numbers, date of publication and evaluateall theresources you use)

EXAMPLE TABLE OF RESOURCES USED (2016 DME : Antarctica)

Resource
(name of website, book, magazine, TV programme, newspaper,
You Tube, podcast etc) / Author, publisher / Date published/
released / What the resource is about and where/how you will use it. / Reliability and usefulness Rating of resource – use a rating scale/system e.g. 1 not useful; 2 not sure; 3 OK; 4 Good; 5 Excellent.
Note any limitations of the resource (vested interest/bias)
Geog Review: Is there life on glaciers? / T. Irvine-Fynn, A. Edwards and A. Mitchell / Feb 2015 / Talks about glacial ecosystems and biodiversity in cold environmentsand links to global warming. I could use it to argue that less interference with glaciers the better as more biodiversity than originally thought. / A = Good reliability as it’s an educational resource written by members of the Centre for Glaciology at Aberystwyth Univ. ‘But the research project was funded by X and they have are likely to want the results of the research to encourage more Antarctic research so there is an element of ‘vested interest’.
Lots that isn’t relevant or too complex but interesting on life forms associated with glaciers contributing large volumes of nutrients to aquatic systems - Additional links suggested by article:
(and then go to Modern Glaciers and Glacier Ecosystems). also How will you be assessed?

• This DME represents 15% of the final examination result
• Mark Scheme will be given to you and discussed (see below)
• Candidates should recognise that they:

• need to show theirknowledge and understanding(AO1) of geographical concepts and theories, geographical terms related to the principles of Mass Tourism. (3% of marks)

• need to apply (AO2) their knowledge and understanding of concepts and theories related to the question of how best to manage the redevelopment of Montserrat focussing on tourism as one of the key foundations for economic redevelopment. The candidate makes a decision based on alternative strategies and justifies the conclusions. (7% marks). You have three options presented on how best to redevelop the island Montserrat (Specific focus is given to Mass Tourism) and based on what you have learnt and researched you will have to reach a decision on whether in fact Mass Tourism is the best option for the island with specific focus on the Little Bay Area (identified for the new capital of the island) or whether in fact other credible options for different styles of tourism exist and should be considered.

• Candidates should be able to show a range of geographical skills (AO3)(5% of marks)

Research procedures to include referencing sources and recognising the limitations/validity of source materials;

Data processing and presentation techniques which may include using graphical skills, annotating photos, using illustrations, mapping, refining material gained from ICT sources;

Using effective communication skills to present ideas.

MARK SCHEME for DME

Level Mark Descriptor Knowledge and Understanding (AO1)

4 10 – 12 The candidate is able to recall, select and communicate detailed knowledge and thorough understanding relating to the question and to the location. Geographical terminology is used accurately and appropriately.

3 7 - 9 The candidate is able to recall, select and communicate knowledge and understanding relating to the question and to the location. Geographical terminology is used appropriately.

2 4 - 6 The candidate is able to recall and communicate some knowledge and understanding relating to the question and to the location. Ideas are communicated using some geographical terminology.

1 1 – 3 The candidate is able to recall and communicate some facts relating to the question and the location with limited understanding.

0 No evidence is submitted or the response is insufficient to meet the descriptor for Level 1.

Level Mark DescriptorApplication (AO2)

4 22 - 28 The candidate is able, independently, to apply knowledge and understanding of the relevant concepts and ideas to the decision making context. He/she is able to understand and explain complex relationships between people and the environment evaluate the problem or issue and make perceptive and informed decisions based on a clear understanding of how these can contribute to a future that is sustainable.

3 15 - 21 The candidate is able, independently, to apply knowledge and understanding of the relevant concepts and ideas to the decision making context and is able to understand relationships between people and the environment, explain the problem or issue and makes reasoned decisions that show an understanding of sustainable approaches.

2 8 - 14 The candidate is able to apply some knowledge and understanding of the relevant concepts and ideas to the decision making context and is able to show some understanding of relationships between people and the environment. He/she identifies the problem or issue in basic terms and makes decisions giving some reasons and evidence.

1 1 – 7 The candidate is able to apply limited knowledge and

understanding of some ideas to the decision making context and is able to recognise simple relationships

between people and the environment. He/she identifies the problem or issue in very basic terms and makes decisions based on simple reasons and evidence.

MARK SCHEME for DME (continued)

Level Mark DescriptorApplication (AO2)

0 No evidence is submitted or the response is insufficient to meet the descriptor for Level 1

Level Mark DescriptorSkills (AO3)

4 16 – 20 The candidate independently selects and uses relevant information from a range of sources which are accurately referenced. He/she identifies vested interests and reflects on the validity of the sources used. He/she independently selects and uses, with accuracy, a range of techniques or technologies to process and present appropriate evidence. Communication skills are highly developed and the candidate is able to weigh up evidence available and

present a very logical argument. The mode of presentation is entirely appropriate.

3 11 – 15 The candidate selects and uses relevant information from sources which are accurately referenced. He/she recognises some limitations / bias in the sources used. He/she selects and uses, with reasonable accuracy, techniques or technologies to process and present appropriate evidence. Communication skills are well developed and ideas are presented logically. The mode of presentation is appropriate.

2 6 – 10 The candidate selects and uses sources which are referenced with some accuracy. He/she selects and uses, with some accuracy, some techniques or technologies to present evidence relevant to the problem or issue. Communication skills are competent.

1 1 – 5 The candidate uses sources which are referenced with limited accuracy. He/she uses, with limited accuracy, some techniques or technologies to present some evidence relevant to the problem or issue. Communication skills are weak.

0 No evidence is submitted or the response is insufficient to meet the descriptor for Level 1

DME Research Activities (5 hours – limited level control)

You must research, select and processand communicatedata and information in order to make a decision. Use the resources suggested and your own so that you have the evidence and understanding in order for you to make a decision/recommendation on whether or not you think Mass Tourism is the best option for redeveloping Montserrat and in particular the Little Bay areas as part of the Island’s Redevelopment programme 2008 - 2020. You must keep a fully referenced list of resources you use, including websites.

Research Activities

Research the nature of Montserrat, redevelopment is required and what the plan for redevelopment includes.

a. Where is Montserrat?

• Map, latitude, delimit regions on the island (linked to volcanic phase), location of key places

b. What is Montserrat like?

• Physical Environment – landscapes, climate, features, coasts, ecosystems etc
• Human Environment – culture, population (age structure), attractions for tourists

c. What is already being considered in terms of redevelopment strategy and where? Consider the impacts of these plans.

• Explanation of the fragility of the island Montserrat in its post eruption phase and an understanding of why the need to make the correct choice is important to help the island in its recovery phase.
• Apply your existing understanding of Mass tourism and Sustainable tourism options – link to other locations in which these occur and consider their wider impacts in these other locations

These are the resources you should use to start gathering information and making your decision – you will need to be able to HEAR some of them (bring headphones!)

http://www.gov.ms/publications/SDP_MONTSERRAT.pdf

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/volcanoes_rev6.shtml

http://mni-alive.blogspot.co.uk/2009/07/people-centred-approach-for-montserrats.html

http://www.elitetraveler.com/travel/travel-news/own-a-piece-of-the-sky-in-dallas

http://environmentalassociates.net/Montserrat.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KsRtZs2SfU

http://www.travelpulse.com/news/destinations/montserrat-begins-port-development-project-in-little-bay.html

http://www.themontserratreporter.com/mdc-chairman-calls-little-bay-development-and-port-project-ambitious/

http://www.coralcay.org/volunteer/montserrat/

http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/PDF/ot_biodiversity_monserrat.pdf

http://www.onecaribbean.org/the-island-of-montserrat-is-on-the-rebound/

http://www.themontserratreporter.com/montserrat-tourism-development-plan-2012-2022/

http://icai.independent.gov.uk/report/dfids-support-capital-projects-montserrat/

http://www.oecd.org/derec/unitedkingdom/26_ICAI%20Montserrat%20report%20FINAL.pdf

http://caricom.org/

http://www.onecaribbean.org/go-green-caribbeans-emerald-isle-montserrat/

Task 3 – Writing your DME

Option One: Allow mass tourism to develop without any restriction as part of Montserrat's 2008 - 2020 redevelopment programme.

Basic Justification:

Mass tourism can be used as a ‘vehicle’ for bringing large amounts of foreign income and investment to a region that requires it. Since the destruction of Plymouth and the loss of many of Montserrat’s residents, the construction of a new capital is required and there needs to be some reason to attract residents that left the island during the eruptions back. Mass tourism could provide this impetus and would encourage other investment should it be successful. A linked case study / location could be Spain (Costas) or Kenya (Monbassa) or Cancun (Mexico). Other locations exist but have not been studied in the tourism unit ie Ghana.

Make sure you explain why you reject other options

DME Research Activities (5 hours – limited level control)

Stake holders for Option One Examples:

• UK Government - DFIDS
• Montserrat Government
• Caricom
• Investors and potential investors

Option Two: Option Two: Restrict the development of mass tourism to the Little Bay area with limited focus on sustainable tourism in environmentally sensitive areas

Basic Justification:

Mass Tourism occurs for economic growth reasons mainly and little account of the concept of fragility. There are regions of the island that are more fragile than others and whilst mass tourism might be possible in restricted areas, consideration should be made / given to those areas where it might have unintended consequences. Occasionally it is worth sacrificing one area (Little Bay) to ensure the survival of others (Honey Pot Management). In thefragile regions a more sympathetic / sustainable approach would be best applied. A balance between the two options might provide the best outcome.

“Protected Areas There are four terrestrial protected areas on Montserrat covering an area of 2,851.9ac (1,155ha); this represents 11% of the total land area and 30% of the volcano safe zone. The protected areas include (i) the Centre Hills Forest Reserve and protected forest (4.31 sq mi or 11.16 sq km), (ii) Piper’s Pond Wildlife Reserve and associated conservation area (1.9ac or 0.8ha), (iii) Silver Hills Forest Reserve (75ac or 30.4ha) and (iv) Foxes Bay Bird Sanctuary (15ac or 6.1ha), which has been decimated by volcanic activity. Additionally most ghauts,ravines and steep land receive de facto protected areas status” Source : defra.gov.uk

Stakeholders for Option2 Examples:

• UK Government – DFIDS & Defra
• Montserrat Government
• Caricom
• Investors and potential investors
• Montserrat volunteer conservation programme

Option Three: Option Three: only allow sustainable tourism to develop on the island to ensure the long term viability of recovery and investment

Basic Justification:

Increased mass tourism would bring greater social / cultural environmental, economic and political pressures to the island as a whole (SEEP), whilst partial mass tourism would impact on some regions of the island (Little Bay) it would have knock on effects on those areas not directly involved through processes like longshore drift (Sediment Cells) for example. This being the case, a fully sustainable approach would negate (remove) these impacts and ensure the islands future prosperity. A sustainable approach would allow progressive redevelopment on the island on a scale that will not impact on any aspect of island life or recovery in a detrimental way. Schemes such as Sasaab Samburu in Kenya have shown that sustainable tourism can improve life for local people and benefit the environment by working in harmony with it during all stages of development.