Genocide: Bosnia and Rwanda GH2/Napp

Genocide: Bosnia and Rwanda GH2/Napp

Genocide: Bosnia and Rwanda GH2/Napp

Do Now:

“Ultranationalism and racism played a part in the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Hatred between Muslims and Christians in the Balkan region dates back to the 1400s. At that time, the area was a battleground between the Muslim sultans of the Ottoman Empire and the Christian rulers of Europe. Because of the atrocities committed by both sides, hatred between the two groups has smoldered for centuries. When Yugoslavia broke apart in 1991, this hatred flared into violence. In 1995, the Bosnian Serbs overran the UN-protected city of Srebrenica. Afterward, 4,000 to 6,000 Bosnian Muslims were reported missing. Satellite photos showed large mounds of freshly turned soil in the area. After examining these pictures, U.S. leaders suspected that Bosnian Serbs had shot and buried many of the missing Muslims. Bosnian Serbs accused the Croatians and Muslims also of committing mass murder.” ~ Global History: The Growth of Civilizations

Questions:

1- What forces played a part in the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s? ______

2- When does hatred between Muslims and Christians in the Balkan region date back to?

______

3- Why did Muslims and Christians have so much hostility towards one another? ______

4- What happened in 1991 in the Balkans? ______

5- What happened in 1995 in the Balkans? ______

Notes:

  1. Genocide in Bosnia
  1. Once part of Yugoslavia
  2. Mostly Muslim but Serbian minority
  3. Declared independence in 1992
  4. Slobodan Milosevic, President of Serbia, ordered attacks on Muslims

1- “Ethnic Cleansing” – Over 200,000 Bosnian Muslims killed

2- Charged with genocide but died in detention center at The Hague before trial concluded

  1. Genocide in Rwanda
  1. Between April and June 1994, over 800,000 Rwandans killed when Hutu President’s plane shot down
  2. Hutus, ethnic group, accused Tutsis, a different ethnic group, of killing
  3. Hutus began killing Tutsis
  4. Eventually, Tutsi rebel group took over government and Hutus fled
  1. Genocide in Sudan
  1. Government accused of favoring Arab pastoralists over Black African farmers
  2. Rebel groups attacked
  3. Government responded with violence
  4. Janjaweed, gunmen on horseback, accused of trying to “cleanse” Black Africans from Darfur in western Sudan
  5. Many Africans killed in Darfur

Questions:

1- What happened after the breakup of communist Yugoslavia?

2- Define genocide.

3- Who was Slobodan Milosevic and what did he order?

4- What was “ethnic cleansing”?

5- What happened in Rwanda in 1994?

6- Describe the genocide in Rwanda.

7- How did the Rwandan genocide finally come to an end?

8- What was a cause of genocide in Dafur, western Sudan?

9- Who were the Janjaweed and what did they do?

10- Critical Thinking: How can individuals prevent future genocides?

1. After World War II, the boundaries of newly independent African countries were most often based on
(1) existing ethnic settlement patterns
(2) divisions imposed under European imperialism
(3) mandates created under the United Nations
(4) locations of oil resource
2. A major goal of the Hutu-led regime in Rwanda in mid-1994 was to
(1) eliminate the Tutsi minority
(2) align with the Soviet Union
(3) promote ethnic tolerance
(4) strengthen ties with Belgium
3. • Romans destroy the temple in Jerusalem.
• British officials partition India.
• Hutus and Tutsis fight in Rwandan civil war.
One way in which these events are similar is that each resulted in the
(1) establishment of uniform legal codes
(2) emigration of people from their homelands
(3) intervention of coalition military forces
(4) acceptance of new political boundaries
4. Which of these developments in Africa was a cause of the other three?
(1) Rival tribal groups fought wars.
(2) The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries.
(3) Traditional territories and culture groups were permanently fragmented.
(4) African economies became dependent on the sale of cash crops and raw materials. / 5. In the late 20th century, what was a problem common to the Balkans, Rwanda, and Indonesia?
(1) disposal of nuclear waste
(2) ethnic or religious conflicts
(3) drought and famine
(4) overcrowding of urban centers
6. Conflicts between Hutu and Tutsi, Ottoman Turks and Armenians, and Soviets and Ukrainian kulaks all resulted in
(1) establishment of new governments
(2) international intervention
(3) massacres or genocide
(4) cultural interdependence
7. During the 20th century, global attention was drawn to the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire, the Tutsis of Rwanda, and the Muslims of Kosovo because these groups were all victims of
(1) nuclear power accidents
(2) human rights violations
(3) environmental disasters
(4) the AIDS epidemic
8. In the 1990s, which two countries dominated the headlines because genocide was occurring in those countries?
(1) Switzerland and Poland
(2) Vietnam and Singapore
(3) Sudan and Rwanda
(4) Costa Rica and Jamaica
9. Armenians under Ottoman rule and Cambodians under the Khmer Rouge both experienced
(1) an outbreak of the plague
(2) human rights violations
(3) economic sanctions
(4) an agricultural revolution
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