HSA Review
BIOLOGY HSA PRACTICE TEST
GENETICS PRACTICE TEST
Part A. Selected-Response Questions
_____ 1. A biologist observed different colors of coats in a population of wild horses. The process that contributes to the variety of coats in the population of horses is
A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. genetic engineering
D. asexual reproduction
_____ 2. A typical body cell of a horse contains 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in an unfertilized egg?
A. 16
B. 32
C. 64
D. 128
_____ 3. When a breeder crossed two black rabbits, 79% of the offspring had black coats, and 21% had brown coats. According to these results, the allele for brown coat is
A. recessive
B. dominant
C. sex-linked
D. mutated
____ 4. A molecule of DNA can best be compared to a
A. maze
B. puzzle
C. set of blueprints
D. computer printer
_____ 5. Which of these identifies the role of genes in heredity?
A. A gene protects DNA from becoming damaged.
B. A gene contains information to determine a single trait.
C. A gene transports DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
D. A gene carries amino acids to the place where they are assembled.
_____ 6. A strand of DNA contains a section with the following sequence of bases:
TCA GCA TAG
What is the sequence of bases on the complementary strand of DNA?
A. GAT ACG ACT C. TCA GCA TAG
B. AGT CGT ATC D. TAG GCA TCA
_____ 7. A human cell experiences a mutation in its DNA. What is the most likely change as a result of this event?
A. The cell will become part of a different organ system.
B. The cell will no longer carry genetic information.
C. The cell will produce a different protein.
D. The cell will not reproduce
_____ 8. Genetic engineering is used to produce human insulin. In this process, genes are
A. destroyed within a chromosome
B. created artificially in a laboratory
C. transferred from one organism to another
D. altered to specify different traits within an organism
Directions
Use the information and table below to answer Number 9.
A scientist studied a strand of DNA from four species of organisms. The sequences from the DNA strands are shown in the chart below.
Species / DNA Sequence1 / GTA ATT TCG
2 / GTA GCC ATC
3 / ACG CCG TAC
4 / GTC GCC ATG
_____ 9 According to the chart, which two of the species of organisms are most closely related?
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 4
C. 3 and 4
D. 1 and 4
_____ 10. In pea plants, yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds (y). A scientist is studying two plants with yellow seeds. Based on this information, the plants have
A. the same genotype
B. different genotypes
C. the same phenotype
D. different phenotypes
_____ 11. In rabbits, the allele for black coat color (B) is dominant to the allele for brown coat color (b). Two black rabbits (Bb) are crossed. What can you predict about the offspring?
Biology HSA Review Spring 2006
Genetics Practice Test 7
HSA Review
BIOLOGY HSA PRACTICE TEST
A. Most of the offspring will be brown.
B. Most of the offspring will be black.
C. All of the offspring will be black.
D. All of the offspring will be brown
Biology HSA Review Spring 2006
Genetics Practice Test 7
HSA Review
BIOLOGY HSA PRACTICE TEST
_____ 12. Hemophilia is a condition in which the blood cannot clot properly. Hemophilia is caused by a recessive allele carried on the X chromosome. Suppose a mother who carries the hemophilia gene on one her X chromosomes has children with a man who exhibits hemophilia. Which of these situations would you expect?
A. All of their daughters will exhibit hemophilia.
B. All of their sons will exhibit hemophilia.
C. All of their daughters will carry or exhibit hemophilia.
D. All of their sons will carry hemophilia.
_____ 13. Which of these is the best definition for translation?
A. joining together
B. writing out
C. changing from one language to another
D. erasing
_____ 14. Which of these is a reason for scientists to genetically engineer bacteria to produce human insulin?
A. Bacteria do not have their own genetic material.
B. Bacteria are living.
C. Bacteria are very small.
D. Bacteria reproduce quickly.
Directions
Use the information and pedigree below to answer Number 15.
Albinism is a genetic disorder in which the body is unable to produce the protein necessary for the production of melanin. Melanin is a pigment that gives dark color to the hair, skin, and eyes.
_____ 15. According to the pedigree above, what type of trait is albinism?
A. dominant C. sex-linked
B. recessive D. acquired
_____ 16. Cystic fibrosis is genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele. Suppose two carriers for cystic fibrosis have a child together. What is the probability that the child will exhibit cystic fibrosis?
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
_____ 17. A Labrador retriever can be black, yellow, or brown. Which of these processes makes it possible for two Labradors Retrievers to produce offspring of different colors?
A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. osmosis
D. binary fission
Directions
Use the diagram at right to answer Number 18.
_____ 18. From top to bottom, what sequence of mRNA would be
created during transcription?
A. AGTTCC
B. UCAAGG
C. CCTTFA
D. TCAAGG
_____ 19. A mutation has occurred in a cell. When the organism
reproduces, the mutation does not appear in the offspring’s
genetic material. It is evident that the mutation
A. caused damage and was therefore not passed along
to the next generation
B. was a change that did not cause harm to the organism
C. occurred in a sperm cell
D. did not occur in a gamete
_____ 20. An organism is cloned from another organism. Which
statement about the cloned organism is true?
A. It is an improved version of the parent.
B. It contains genes from the parent along with genes from
another organism .
C. It is identical to the parent .
D. It lacks genetic material.
Directions
Use the information and Punnett square below to answer
Numbers 21 and 22.
PP / Pp
Pp / pp
In pea plants, the allele for purple flower color (P) is dominant to the allele for white flower color (p). The Punnett square above shows the alleles of two pea plants that were crossed.
_____ 21. What is the probable percentage of offspring from this cross that will have white flowers?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
_____ 22. Suppose two of the offspring are crossed. If all of their offspring have white flowers, what must have been the genotypes of the plants that were crossed?
A. PP x PP C. PP x Pp
B. Pp x Pp D. pp x pp
Directions
Use the information below to answer Number 23.
What can the scientist learn from these DNA profiles?
_____ 23. A scientist compared sequences of the DNA of three fish species. What is illustrated by the DNA profiles are shown above?
A. the number of individuals in each population of fish
B. how closely the fishes are related to one another
C. the total number of genes in each fish
D. the diets of the ancestors of each fish
_____ 24. The building blocks of DNA are
A. genes
B. nucleotides
C. amino acids
D. ribosomes
_____ 25. How does a DNA mutation most often affect the organism?
A. It changes the DNA to RNA.
B. It becomes the norm for the population.
C. It makes the organism better adapted to its environment.
D. It changes the proteins produced by the organism’s cells.
Part B. Brief Constructed-Response Questions
26. A cell contains several different types of RNA.
· Identify the tree main types of RNA?
· Explain how each type of RNA is involved in the production of proteins?
· Be sure to use appropriate scientific terminology in your response.
Write your response on a separate sheet of paper.
27. Even though DNA and messenger RNA (m-RNA) share many characteristics, they are different in both structure and function.
Compare DNA and m-RNA. In your response, be sure to include information about their
· location in the cell
· size
· function
· structure
Write your response on a separate sheet of paper.
28. A genetic disorder is sex-linked and is caused by a recessive allele (e). The allele for the unaffected condition (E) is dominant. A woman who is a carrier of this disorder marries an unaffected man. The couple would like to have a child, but they are concerned that their child will inherit the disorder.
Using this example:
· Construct a Punnett square to illustrate the inheritance of this cross.
· Provide the genotypes of the woman and the man and the possible genotypes of their future children
· Calculate the probability that they will pass the condition on to their offspring.
· Explain the pattern of inheritance of a sex-linked trait
Write response on a separate sheet of paper
Biology HSA Review Spring 2006
Genetics Practice Test 7