Genetics Highlight Packet - Level
Genetic Terminology
______1.A trait that can be observed such as hair color, seed shape and color, flower color, etc.
______2.The joining of a sperm and egg to make a zygote.
______3.A gene choice that MASK ANOTHER choice for a trait.
______4.A gene choice that IS MASKED BY ANOTHER choice for a trait.
______5.The branch of biology that studies how traits are transferred from parent to offspring.
______6.The passing of traits from parent to offspring.
______7.Different versions for a gene.
______8.A genotype that has the same allele combination.
______9.A genotype that has a different allele combination.
Write the correct genotypes for each phenotype.
______11. Homozygous yellow seed
______12.green seed
______13. Pure breed purple flowers
______14. Hybrid tall
______15. Heterozygous Round Yellow pea
______16. Pure Tall pea plant with pure purple flowers
______17. Short pea plant with white flowers
______18. Heterozygous round green pea
______19. Homozygous wrinkles heterozygous yellow pea
Mendelian Genetics:
20. Make a cross between a PURE YELLOW SEED and a PURE GREEN SEED.
Genotypes of Parents: ______X ______
Probability of yellow seeds? ______
Probability of green seeds? ______
Phenotypic ratio? ______
Genotypic ratio? ______
Which Mendel’s laws does this cross represent? ______
21. Make a cross between HOMOZYGOUS TALL plant and a PURE SHORT plant.
Genotypes of Parents ______X ______
Probability of getting hybrid plants? ______
Probability of getting pure short plants? ______
Phenotypic Ratio? ______
Genotypic Ratio?______
22. Make a cross between TWO HETEROZYGOUS PURPLE flowers.
Genotypes of Parents ______X ______
What is the probability of getting purple flowers? ______
What is the probability of getting white flowers? ______
What is the probability of that the flower will be a hybrid? ______
What is the probability that the flower will be homozygous dominant? ______
What is the phenotypic ratio? ______
What is the genotypic ratio? ______
Which Mendel’s laws does this cross represent? ______
Law of Independent Assortment (Dihybrid Crosses):
23. Round seeds are dominant over wrinkled seeds, and yellow seeds are dominant over green seeds. A plant is hybrid for both traits (RrYy) is allowed to undergo self-fertilization (RrYy x RrYy).(a) Fill in the punnett square below.
Refer to the Punnett square above, and give the phenotypes of the offspring of this cross.
Phenotype 1: ______Phenotype 2: ______
Phenotype 3: ______Phenotype 4: ______
24. In guinea pigs black (B) hair is dominant to white (b) hair and short (S) hair is dominant to long (s) hair.
Cross a heterozygous black short haired guinea pig with a white heterozygous short guinea pig.
Parents’ genotyps: ______x ______
What is the probability of getting the following phenotypes:
Black, short ______
Black, long ______
White, short______
White, long______
Heterozygous black, short ______
Non-Mendelian Genetics (Co-dominance vs Incomplete dominance)
Identify whether the example represents co-dominance or incomplete dominance.
25. When crossing a short-horned red bull with a short-horned white heifer the offspring inherited a mixture of red and white hairs which is called roan. Which is this an example of co-dominance or incomplete dominance? Why?
______
26. In guinea pigs, the gene for coat color can produce the dominant color yellow, recessive color white, or an intermediate color ecru which is a cream color. Which is this an example of co-dominance or incomplete dominance? Explain why.
______
Sex-Linked Traits:
27. The two sex chromosomes are ______and ______.
28. The male genotype for sex is ______. The female genotype for sex is ______.
29. Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. Normal is XB and colorblind is Xb. Complete the table below (genotype).
Phenotype / GenotypeNormal Male / XBY
Colorblind Male
Normal Female / XBXB
Normal Female (carrier)
Colorblind
A color blind man marries a woman who is not colorblind. Assuming there is not colorblindness in the woman’s ancestry, write the genotype of the mother and father below, and complete the punnett square. Determine the genotype and phenotypes of her sons and daughters.
(a)Genotype of mother: ______(b)Genotype of father: ______
(c)Genotypes of daughters: ______(d)Phenotypes of daughters: ______
(e)Genotypes of sons: ______(f)Phenotypes of sons: ______
Karyotype:
30.What is a karyotype? ______
31. Identify the extra chromosome location. ______
32. What genetic disorders does this karyotype illustrate? ______
33. What is the gender illustrated in this karyotype? ______
____34.A particular variety of corn can produce yellow or white seeds. Yellow is dominant. White is recessive. If a particular ear of corn contains ONLY white corn, it must be —
A. homozygous for white color
B. heterozygous for white color
C. heterozygous for yellow color
D. homozygous for yellow color
____35.Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents a genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
A. / T / C. / TtB. / TT / D. / tt
____36.The law of segregation states that
A. / alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis.B. / different alleles of a gene can never be found in the same organism.
C. / each gene of an organism ends up in a different gamete.
D. / each gene is found on a different molecule of DNA.
____37.A man with hemophilia (XhY) marries a woman who does not carry hemophilia, but she is a carrier (XHXh). Which of the following describes hemophilia?
A. / multiple-allele trait / C. / sex-linked traitB. / dominant trait / D. / codominant trait
____38.The scientific study of heredity is called
A. / meiosis / C. / geneticsB. / crossing-over / D. / pollination
____39.The phenotype of an organism
A. / represents its genetic composition.B. / is the physical appearance of a trait.
C. / occurs only in dominant pure organisms.
D. / cannot be seen.
____40.Color blindness, sickle-cell anemia and hemophilia
A. / caused by genes coding for defective protein.B. / are seen in homozygous dominant individuals.
C. / provide resistance to malaria infections.
D. / are extremely common throughout the world.