In Vitro Biotechnology Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Selective breeding produces
a. / more offspring. / c. / desired traits in offspring.b. / fewer offspring. / d. / transgenic organisms.
____ 2. Which of the following is NOT an example of selective breeding?
a. / allowing only the best milk-producing cows to reproduceb. / crossing disease-resistant plants with plants that produce high food yields
c. / mating cats that have long hair with cats that have long tails
d. / allowing dogs to mate only once a year
____ 3. Breeders induce mutations in organisms to
a. / increase diversity in populations.b. / make organisms more alike.
c. / avoid selective breeding.
d. / produce organisms with undesirable characteristics.
____ 4. Which of the following includes all the others?
a. / hybridization / c. / selective breedingb. / inbreeding / d. / induced mutations
______5 . The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called
a. / selective breeding. / c. / inbreeding.b. / genetic engineering. / d. / hybridization.
______6 . A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
a. / a mutant. / c. / a polyploid.b. / a hybrid. / d. / recombinant DNA.
Figure 13–1
____ 7. What does Figure 13–1 show?
a. / gel electrophoresisb. / DNA sequencing
c. / a restriction enzyme producing a DNA fragment
d. / polymerase chain reaction
____ 8. In Figure 13–1, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut?
a. / adenine and thymine / c. / thymine and cytosineb. / cytosine and guanine / d. / adenine and guanine
____ 9. One function of gel electrophoresis is to
a. / separate DNA fragments. / c. / recombine DNA.b. / cut DNA. / d. / extract DNA.
____ 10. Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to
a. / identify similarities and differences in the genomes of different kinds of organisms.b. / determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive.
c. / compare the phenotypes of different organisms.
d. / cut DNA with restriction enzymes.
____ 11. On an electrophoresis gel, band B is closer to the positive end of the gel than is band A. Which of the following statements is true?
a. / The DNA in B is more positively charged than the DNA in A.b. / The DNA fragments in band B were smaller than those in band A.
c. / Band A moved faster than band B.
d. / Band A and band B contain the same DNA fragments.
____ 12. Genetic engineering involves
a. / reading a DNA sequence.b. / editing a DNA sequence.
c. / reinserting DNA into living organisms.
d. / all of the above
____ 13. If two DNA samples showed an identical pattern and thickness of bands produced by gel electrophoresis, the samples contained
a. / the same amount of DNA. / c. / the same DNA molecules.b. / fragments of the same size. / d. / all of the above
____ 14. During transformation,
a. / a prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote.b. / a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
c. / foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid.
d. / a cell is mutated.
____ 15. Which of the following includes all the others inside it?
a. / plasmid / c. / foreign geneb. / transformed bacterium / d. / recombinant DNA
____ 16. Which of the following steps is NOT essential in producing recombinant DNA?
a. / Cut out a piece of DNA from a DNA molecule.b. / Splice a piece of DNA into DNA from another organism.
c. / Use a restriction enzyme to cut DNA.
d. / Read the DNA sequence of the piece of DNA to be cut and spliced.
____ 17. Suppose a bacterial culture were mixed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. / Those bacteria that contain the plasmid will survive.b. / The penicillin will kill the bacteria that were transformed.
c. / The gene for antibiotic resistance is expressed in the bacteria that survive.
d. / Those bacteria that are successfully transformed will survive.
____ 18. What kind of technique do scientists use to make transgenic organisms?
a. / hybridization / c. / inducing of mutationsb. / inbreeding / d. / genetic engineering
____ 19. What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?
a. / The human proteins produced by transgenic bacteria work better than those produced by humans.b. / Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins in large amounts.
c. / The human proteins produced by transgenic bacteria last longer than those produced by humans.
d. / Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins used to make plastics.
____ 20. What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants?
a. / increasing the food supply / c. / producing clonesb. / using more pesticides / d. / studying human genes
____ 21. To produce transgenic bacteria that make insulin, which of the following steps did scientists have to take first?
a. / Insert the human insulin gene into a plasmid.b. / Extract the insulin from the bacterial culture.
c. / Use a restriction enzyme to cut out the insulin gene from human DNA.
d. / Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid.
____ 22. What are scientists more likely to learn from transgenic animals than from transgenic bacteria or transgenic plants?
a. / the structure of human proteins / c. / how human genes functionb. / the process of cloning / d. / how plasmids reproduce
____ 23. Why is Dolly a clone?
a. / The source of her DNA was a single body cell.b. / The DNA molecules in all her cells are identical.
c. / She was produced using the DNA from an adult’s egg cell.
d. / She is genetically identical to her offspring.
______24.. To produce a cloned sheep, Ian Wilmut removed the nucleus from a sheep’s body cell and injected the cell with a nucleus taken from a body cell of another adult sheep.
a. True b. False
______25. Bacterial cells that have been transformed with a plasmid that carries a genetic marker for resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline will not survive in a culture treated with tetracycline.
a. True b. False
Completion
Complete each statement.
26. Humans use selective breeding to pass desired ______on to the next generation of organisms.
27. To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some of a grapefruit, you would use the selective breeding technique of ______.
28. A DNA sample will form a single band on an electrophoresis gel if all the fragments are the same ______.
29. Plasmids are naturally found in some ______.
30. DNA samples taken from Dolly and the sheep that donated the body cell would show ______patterns of bands on an electrophoresis gel.
Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Make sure you answer the questions completely. Each question is worth 2 points.
Figure 13–2
31. Interpreting Graphics Which group of bands in Figure 13–2 moved faster, C or D? Why?
32. Inferring What is occurring in A in Figure 13–2?
33. Drawing Conclusions In Figure 13–2, were the three DNA samples shown in A identical? Explain your answer.
Figure 13–3
34. Interpreting Graphics What process is being illustrated in Figure 13–3?
35. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 13–3, during which numbered step(s) are bacteria reproducing?
36. Interpreting Graphics During which numbered steps(s) in Figure 13–3 is a restriction enzyme used?
37. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 13–3, which numbered step produces a recombinant plasmid?
Figure 13–4
38. Interpreting Graphics In the cloning shown in Figure 13–4, which sheep is the source of the nucleus in the fused cell?
39. Interpreting Graphics Which animal in Figure 13–4 is a clone?
40. Inferring Which two animals in Figure 13–4 are genetically identical?