Gangoso et al. “Morph specific genetic and environmental variation in innate and acquired immune response in a color polymorphic raptor”

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Table S1. Details of the cross-fostering experiment showing the color morph of all adults and nestlings, whereDd = dark heterozygous; DD = dark homozygous; dd = pale homozygous. Initial clutch and final brood sizes are also shown. On the left side of the table, nest 1 corresponds to biological parents of nest 2 and vice versa. Nestlings are numbered according to their rank within the brood hierarchy (see next page).

Table S2.Comparative statistics of the six competing structural equation models (a to g) showed in Figure 1 of the manuscript.Δi(AIC) = [AICi– min AIC]; wi(AIC) = the rounded Akaike weights; Δi(BIC) = [BICi– min BIC]; wi(BIC) = the rounded Schwarz weights. Higher wi(AIC) and wi (BIC) values indicating the best among the whole set of candidate models are highlighted in bold.

Table S2
Model / AIC / BIC / Δi (AIC) / wi (AIC) / Δi (BIC) / wi (BIC)
a / 932.52 / 951.95 / 3.6 / 0.10 / 1.44 / 0.29
b / 933.84 / 955.42 / 4.92 / 0.05 / 4.91 / 0.05
c / 952.15 / 973.74 / 23.23 / 5.57E -06 / 23.23 / 5.32E-06
d / 953.28 / 977.03 / 24.36 / 3.17E -06 / 26.52 / 1.03E-06
f / 928.92 / 950.51 / 0.00 / 0.62 / 0.00 / 0.59
g / 930.92 / 954.67 / 2 / 0.23 / 4.16 / 0.07
Table S1
After cross-fostering
nest 1 / nest 2 / nests 1,2 / nest 1 / nest 2 / nest 1 / nest 2
Father morph / Mother morph / Father morph / Mother morph / Cluth size / Brood size / Brood size / Nestling 1º / Nestling 2º / Nestling 3º / Nestling 1º / Nestling 2º / Nestling 3º
dd / dd / dd / dd / 3 / 2 / 3 / dd / dd / dd / dd / dd
Dd / dd / dd / Dd / 3 / 3 / 3 / dd / dd / Dd / Dd / Dd / dd
dd / Dd / dd / dd / 3 / 2 / 2 / dd / dd / dd / Dd
dd / dd / dd / dd / 3 / 3 / 3 / dd / dd / dd / dd / dd / dd
dd / dd / dd / Dd / 3 / 2 / 3 / Dd / dd / dd / dd / dd
dd / dd / Dd / dd / 3 / 2 / 1 / Dd / Dd / dd
Dd / dd / dd / dd / 2 / 1 / 0 / dd
dd / Dd / dd / dd / 3 / 3 / 3 / dd / dd / dd / dd / Dd / Dd
dd / Dd / dd / dd / 3 / 2 / 2 / dd / dd / Dd / Dd
Dd / dd / dd / dd / 2 / 1 / 2 / dd / Dd / Dd
dd / dd / dd / dd / 3 / 3 / 3 / dd / dd / dd / dd / dd / dd
dd / dd / dd / dd / 3 / 0 / 1 / dd
Dd / Dd / Dd / dd / 3 / 3 / 2 / dd / dd / Dd / dd / Dd
Dd / Dd / dd / dd / 3 / 2 / 2 / dd / dd / DD / DD
Dd / dd / dd / Dd / 2 / 2 / 2 / Dd / dd / dd / dd
Dd / dd / dd / dd / 2 / 2 / 2 / dd / dd / Dd / Dd

Table S3. Results of two Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) with normal error distribution and identity link function. In these two models, PHA-response and HI-response were included as dependent variables, respectively. We added nest identity as a random term and the models were fitted by restricted maximum likelihood (REML). The percentage of variance explained by nest identity in each model was 17.45% and 6.65%, respectively. Nestling sex and morph, the interaction between these two variables, rank within brood hierarchy, as well as the morph of the biological and foster father and mother were included in each model as fixed factors. Nestling body mass, age, and brood size were included as covariates. We followed a backward stepwise variable selection procedure, which resulted in a final model where only significant effects (<0.05) were retained. Significant results are highlighted in bold.

Table S3
Dependent variable: PHA-response, N = 67
Explanatory variables / DF / DF den / F Ratio / P value
Nestling sex / 1 / 61.97 / 0.10 / 0.76
Nestlingmorph / 1 / 54.29 / 12.84 / 0.0007
Nestling sex * morph / 1 / 60.85 / 1.79 / 0.19
Rank / 2 / 41.39 / 1.15 / 0.33
Biologicalfathermorph / 1 / 21.56 / 1.42 / 0.25
Biologicalmothermorph / 1 / 20.87 / 0.25 / 0.62
Foster fathermorph / 1 / 23.11 / 5.70 / 0.03
Foster mothermorph / 1 / 15.01 / 0.18 / 0.68
Nestlingbodymass / 1 / 57.27 / 9.63 / 0.003
Nestlingage / 1 / 35.46 / 1.61 / 0.21
Broodsize / 1 / 26.78 / 0.47 / 0.50
Dependent variable: HI-response, N = 64
Nestling sex / 1 / 56.08 / 2.08 / 0.15
Nestlingmorph / 1 / 54.86 / 2.15 / 0.15
Nestling sex * morph / 1 / 52.27 / 1.96 / 0.17
Rank / 2 / 40.68 / 1.21 / 0.31
Biologicalfathermorph / 1 / 18.75 / 1.45 / 0.24
Biologicalmothermorph / 1 / 27.43 / 0.33 / 0.57
Foster fathermorph / 1 / 23.6 / 3.91 / 0.06
Foster mothermorph / 1 / 14.46 / 0.16 / 0.69
Nestlingbodymass / 1 / 57.05 / 5.37 / 0.02
Nestlingage / 1 / 47.65 / 3.80 / 0.06
Broodsize / 1 / 30.71 / 6.10 / 0.02

Figure S1.Alternative Structural Equation Models,where BFM:biological father color morph, BMM: biological mother color morph, FFM: foster father color morph, BM:nestling body mass, A:nestling age, and BS: brood size).Numbers above the arrows represent regression coefficients. Significant relationships are highlighted in bold.