EARLY LIFE
Gāius Jūlius Caesar was born on July 12 or July 13, ______BCE into a Patrician family.
Although Caesar’s family were ______, they were not wealthy by Roman standards. They lived in a lower class neighborhood in a humble home.
His father was also named Gaius Julius Caesar and his mother’s name was ______.
He had two sisters both named ______.
Although little is known of his early life, Caesar grew up during a period of great turmoil in the RomanRepublic as the ______waged between Rome and its Italian allies.
At ______, Julius’ father died and he became head of the family.
He became Flamen Dialis, high priest of ______.
He married ______(daughter of Cinna, who controlled Rome at the time).
As power shifted in Rome, Caesar was targeted and he was forced into hiding by ______. His uncle and father-in-law had already been murdered. Caesar lost his fortune too.
Thanks to efforts by his mother, Caesar was eventually allowed to return to Rome.
CAREER – THE BEGINNING
Julius Caesar chose not to return to Rome.
He instead joined the Roman military and served in ______.
Over the next two years, Julius served with distinction.
He returned to Rome once Sulla retired.
He worked as an ______(public speaker).
He traveled to ______to study rhetoric and philosophy in 75 BCE.
KIDNAPPING
As Caesar crossed the Aegean Sea, he was kidnapped by ______pirates.
He felt the pirates were not demanding a high enough ______for him.
He made them increase the amount from ______gold talents to ______gold talents.
Once the ransom was paid, Caesar organized a fleet and captured the pirates.
He had them ______.
RETURN TO ROME
After a campaign in Asia, Caesar returned to Rome and was elected ______.
Next he was elected ______in Rome and then Spain.
His first wife died during this period.
ENCOUNTER WITH THE GREAT
While in ______, Caesar is said to have come upon a statue of Alexander the Great.
He was overcome with emotion and ______.
Alexander had conquered most of the known world by the time he was ______.
Julius Caesar felt he had accomplished too little being the same age.
He asked to be relieved of his duties and he returned to Rome to enter politics as aedile, where he improved public buildings and gained ______in Rome.
He was also married for the second time upon his return to ______.
PONTIFEX MAXIMUS
Caesar beat out 2 other popular candidates to become ______.
The position gave Caesar great ______and ______authority.
Caesar bold decision to run for this position permanently placed him at the heart of Roman politics.
FIRST TRIUMVIRATE
Caesar was elected consul but needed allies.
He formed a triumvirate (______) with ______the Great and ______.
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus or Pompey was a great ______at the time.
Marcus Licinius Crass or Crassus was a former ______and a very wealthy individual.
Caesar needed Pompey’s military influence and Crassus’ wealth.
The three formed an informal ______.
Pompey married Caesar only daughter Julia to solidify the pact.
THE GALLIC WARS
Caesar became governor of Transalpine ______and ______.
Caesar was not satisfied with merely governing.
He started the Gallic Wars and conquered most of what is now ______from the Atlantic to the RhineRiver.
He annexed all these areas to Rome.
He even ventured to fight in ______.
Caesar is said to have conquered ______cities controlled by over _____ different tribes.
Historian Plutarch’s account list 3 million killed in the battles and another 1 million sold into slavery. Obviously these numbers are gross exaggerations.
Caesar had, however, successful conquered areas in size and with enough speed to rival Alexander the Great.
AND THEN THERE WERE TWO
Despite Caesar’s military success, he was still very ______with his fellow politicians in Rome. They feared he wanted to make himself ______.
The triumvirate fell apart when ______is killed in military action.
Caesar tried to maintain his alliance with Pompey.
Unfortunately ______died, breaking both Caesar and Pompey’s hearts.
Pompey would break the alliance with Caesar and give his support to ______, Caesar’s enemy. Pompey married his daughter.
CIVIL WAR IN THE REPUBLIC
Caesar is ordered by Pompey and the Senate to ______his army and return to Rome.
He is also informed that he will not be allowed to run for ______.
Caesar fears returning to Rome without the protection of his men.
Pompey charges him with ______and ______.
IACTA ALEA EST - “THE DIE IS CAST”
Caesar crosses the ______with one legion and ______war begins January 10, 49 BCE.
Scipio and Cato the Younger escape to the south while Caesar attempts to follow Pompey.
When Caesar cannot reach Pompey he turns his attention to ______.
" I set forth to fight an army without a leader, so as later to fight a leader without an army."
Caesar leaves ______and ______in charge of Rome while he pursued Pompey’s armies.
After a ______day march to Hispania, Caesar defeated Pompey’s lieutenants.
Caesar will eventually defeat the rest Pompey’s in ______.
Once elected dictator and then consul in Rome, Caesar will follow Pompey to ______.
POMPEY’S HEAD ON A PLATTER
When Caesar arrived in Alexandria, King ______XIII offered him a gift – Pompey’s head on a platter.
Caesar then became involved in a civil war between Ptolemy and his wife and sister Queen ______VII.
THE LOVE AFFAIR
Caesar sided with Cleopatra, defeated her brother’s army and gave Cleopatra the throne.
Cleopatra gave birth to Caesar’s only son.
Caesar moved Cleopatra to a lavish estate in Rome.
The two never married because under Roman law marriage could only legally take place between two ______families.
Although Caesar was married, his affair with Cleopatra lasted ______years.
Their relationship was very unpopular among the Romans.
Many became particularly offended when Caesar placed a ______of his lover in the temple of Venus Genetrix.
VENI, VIDI, VINCIT
After leaving Egypt, Caesar went to the ______.
His forces annihilated those of King Pharnacus II in the Battle of ______.
The victory was so fast and so complete that Caesar said “Veni, Vidi, Vici” – “I came, I saw, I conquered”.
Caesar then quelled the last remnants of his enemies in various locations.
CAESAR IN POWER
Upon his return to Rome, great public ______honored his victories.
He was named ______.
His authority now outreached that of the Senate.
An ______statue of Caesar was erected with the inscription “To the invincible god”.
Caesar would become the first living man to have a Roman ______bare his likeness. He commissioned the coins himself.
Many of Caesar’s commands and decisions infuriated the Senate.
Caesar bypassed traditional ______, and appointed politicians himself.
He was given the title of consul for life.
Caesar could now hold any office he wanted, even those reserved for ______.
During this time Caesar established the ______day Julian calendar.
Caesar maintained power and support by implementing fair laws and new public works projects.
THE CONSPIRACY BEGINS
While Caesar’s lavish spending on public works please the Roman people, the ______became enraged.
Caesar closest friend, ______was one such enraged senator.
When Caesar was elected as dictator for life, a plot to ______him was begun.
The aristocrats feared Caesar’s power and influence.
They feared his power would equate with the ______of the Republic.
THE ASSASSINATION – THE IDES OF MARCH
On ______, 44 BCE, the conspirators against Caesar called him to the Senate.
60 or more men including Brutus stabbed Caesar on the steps of the Portico.
“Et tu Brute” (Shakespeare)
“You too, child?” (Suetonius)
No words , covered his head with a toga (Plutarch)
Page1
Social Studies 10