Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 10e, GE(Martini)
Chapter 10 Muscle Tissue
Multiple Choice Questions: Section One
1) Muscle tissue, one of the four basic tissue groups, consists chiefly of cells that are highly specialized for
A) conduction.
B) contraction.
C) peristalsis.
D) cushioning.
E) secretion.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
2) Which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle?
A) produce movement
B) maintain posture
C) maintain body temperature
D) guard body entrances and exits
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
3) At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium, come together to form a
A) tendon.
B) satellite cell.
C) ligament.
D) tenosynovium.
E) sheath.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
4) The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
A) tendon.
B) epimysium.
C) endomysium.
D) perimysium.
E) fascicle.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
5) Nerves and blood vessels that service a muscle fiber are located in the connective tissues of its
A) endomysium.
B) perimysium.
C) sarcolemma.
D) sarcomere.
E) myofibrils.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
6) A fascicle is a
A) group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium.
B) layer of connective tissue that separates muscle from skin.
C) group of muscle fibers that are all part of the same motor unit.
D) group of muscle fibers and motor neurons.
E) collection of myofibrils in a muscle fiber.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
7) The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the
A) endomysium.
B) perimysium.
C) epimysium.
D) superficial fascia.
E) periosteum.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
8) The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)
A) fascicle.
B) tendon.
C) ligament.
D) epimysium.
E) myofibril.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
9) Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep.
1.muscle fiber
2.perimysium
3.myofibril
4.fascicle
5.endomysium
6.epimysium
A) 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6
B) 6, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3
C) 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
D) 1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 2
E) 2, 3, 1, 4, 6, 5
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
10) Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for
A) muscle fatigue.
B) the conduction of neural stimulation to the muscle fiber.
C) muscle contraction.
D) muscle relaxation.
E) the striped appearance of skeletal muscle.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
11) In a sarcomere, the central portion of thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the
A) Z line.
B) M line.
C) H band.
D) A band.
E) I band.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
12) The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability to
A) contract much more forcefully.
B) produce more ATP with little oxygen.
C) store extra DNA for metabolism.
D) produce large amounts of muscle proteins.
E) produce nutrients for muscle contraction.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
13) Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called
A) sarcomeres.
B) myofibrils.
C) myoblasts.
D) fascicles.
E) myomeres.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
14) The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the
A) sarcolemma.
B) sarcomere.
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D) myofibril.
E) myofilament.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
15) The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the
A) sarcolemma.
B) sarcomere.
C) sarcosome.
D) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
E) sarcoplasm.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
16) Which of the following best describes the term sarcomere?
A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils
C) storage site for calcium ions
D) thin filaments are anchored here
E) largely made of myosin molecules
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
17) Muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers
A) lack a plasma membrane.
B) have many nuclei.
C) are very small.
D) lack mitochondria.
E) have large gaps in the cell membrane.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
18) Which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum?
A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils
C) storage and release site for calcium ions
D) thin filaments are anchored here
E) largely made of myosin molecules
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
19) Which of the following best describes the term Z line?
A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils
C) storage site for calcium ions
D) thin filaments are anchored here
E) largely made of myosin molecules
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
20) The region of the sarcomere containing the thick filaments is the
A) Z line.
B) M line.
C) H band.
D) A band.
E) I band.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
21) The skeletal muscle complex known as the triad consists of
A) actin, myosin, and titin filaments.
B) a transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae.
C) filaments, myofibrils, and sarcomeres.
D) A bands, H bands, and I bands.
E) actin, myosin, and sarcomeres.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
22) Cross-bridges are portions of
A) actin molecules.
B) myosin molecules.
C) troponin molecules.
D) tropomyosin molecules.
E) calcium ions.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
23) The area in the center of the A band that contains no thin filaments is the
A) Z line.
B) M line.
C) H band.
D) I band.
E) zone of overlap.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
24) Each skeletal muscle fiber contains ______myofibrils.
A) 50 to 100
B) 100 to 150
C) 150 to 200
D) 200 to 500
E) hundreds to thousands
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
25) At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by
A) actin molecules.
B) myosin molecules.
C) troponin molecules.
D) ATP molecules.
E) calcium ions.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
26) Each thin filament consists of
A) two actin protein strands coiled helically around each other.
B) chains of myosin molecules.
C) six molecules coiled into a helical structure.
D) a rod-shaped structure with "heads" projecting from each end.
E) a double strand of myosin molecules.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
27) Which of the following best describes the term titin?
A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils
C) storage and release site for calcium ions
D) thin filaments are anchored here
E) largely made of myosin molecules
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
28) The region of the sarcomere that always contains thin filaments is the
A) Z line.
B) M line.
C) H band.
D) A band.
E) I band.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
29) At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by
A) myosin molecules.
B) troponin molecules.
C) tropomyosin molecules.
D) calcium ions.
E) ATP molecules.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
30) The series of membranous channels that surround each myofibril is the
A) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B) sarcoplasm.
C) sarcomere.
D) sarcolemma.
E) endomysium.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
31) Which of the following statements about the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers is false?
A) Tubular extensions of the sarcolemma penetrate the fiber transversely.
B) Cross striations result from the lateral alignment of thick and thin filaments.
C) Each fiber has many nuclei to ensure adequate muscle protein production.
D) The net-like sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounds each myofilament.
E) All of the answers are true; there are no false answers.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
32) All of the following proteins are part of the thin filaments except
A) actin.
B) tropomyosin.
C) troponin.
D) titin.
E) None of the answers is correct; there are no exceptions.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
33) When a skeletal muscle fiber contracts, the
A) H bands and I bands get larger.
B) zones of overlap get larger.
C) Z lines move further apart.
D) width of the A band increases.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
34) Since each myofibril is attached at either end of the muscle fiber, when sarcomeres shorten, the muscle fiber
A) lengthens.
B) shortens.
C) strengthens.
D) weakens.
E) pulls from the middle.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:
35) Identify the structure labeled "1."
A) mitochondria
B) glycogen
C) ATP
D) myofibril
E) synaptic vesicle
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
36) Which of the following are found in the structure labeled "3"?
A) actin
B) myosin
C) titin
D) tropomyosin
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
37) What physiological process occurs in the structure labeled "7"?
A) release of neurotransmitter
B) conduction of the action potential into the cell interior
C) activity of acetylcholinesterase
D) release of protein and calcium ions into the muscle fiber
E) opening of sodium channels and subsequent influx of sodium
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
38) What is released from the structure labeled "9"?
A) sarcoplasm
B) acetylcholine
C) protein
D) calcium ions
E) acetylcholinesterase
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
39) Where would calcium ions be predominately found?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8
E) 9
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
40) Which structure has pumps to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm to produce relaxation?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 1
D) 3
E) 2
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
41) Where are the myosin molecules located?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
42) Which structure contains the motor end plate?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 8
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
43) Identify the structure where ATP is produced.
A) 6
B) 7
C) 1
D) 3
E) 2
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
44) Identify the structure(s) where ATP is consumed?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 3 and 6
D) 7
E) 3 and 7
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
45) In response to action potentials arriving along the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases
A) acetylcholine.
B) sodium ions.
C) potassium ions.
D) calcium ions.
E) hydrogen ions.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
46) Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single
A) synaptic knob.
B) sarcomere.
C) neuromuscular junction.
D) synaptic cleft.
E) transverse tubule.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
47) The narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the
A) synaptic knob.
B) motor end plate.
C) motor unit.
D) synaptic cleft.
E) M line.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
48) Active sites on the actin become available for binding after
A) actin binds to troponin.
B) troponin binds to tropomyosin.
C) calcium binds to troponin.
D) calcium binds to tropomyosin.
E) myosin binds to troponin.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
49) Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the
A) synaptic knob.
B) motor end plate.
C) sarcomere.
D) synaptic cleft.
E) transverse tubule.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
50) The action potential is conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by
A) motor end plates.
B) neuromuscular junctions.
C) transverse tubules.
D) triads.
E) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
51) The most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ion after contraction is
A) active transport of calcium across the sarcolemma.
B) active transport of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C) active transport of calcium into the synaptic cleft.
D) diffusion of calcium out of the cell.
E) diffusion of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
52) Which of the following acts as an ATPase during the contraction cycle of muscle?
A) actin molecules
B) troponin molecules
C) tropomyosin molecules
D) the head portion of the myosin molecule
E) the tail portion of the myosin molecule
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
53) When calcium ion binds to troponin,
A) tropomyosin rolls away from the active site.
B) active sites on the myosin are exposed.
C) actin heads will bind to myosin.
D) muscle relaxation occurs.
E) myosin shortens.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
54) Which of the following become connected by myosin cross-bridges during muscle contraction?
A) thin filaments and thick filaments
B) thick filaments and titin filaments
C) z disks and actin filaments
D) thick filaments and t-tubules
E) thin filaments and t-tubules
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
55) After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as
A) tetany.
B) treppe.
C) depolarization.
D) rigor mortis.
E) oxygen debt.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
56) In rigor mortis
A) the myosin heads are attached to actin.
B) ATP is depleted.
C) calcium ions keep binding to troponin.
D) sustained contractions occur.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
57) In a sarcomere, cross-bridge attachment occurs specifically in the
A) zone of overlap.
B) A band.
C) I band.
D) M line.
E) H band.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
58) Physical evidence that supports the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction includes
A) constant distance between Z lines during contraction.
B) decreased width of the H band during contraction.
C) increased width of the I band during contraction.
D) decreased width of the A band during contraction.
E) the I band + H band distance is constant during contraction.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
59) Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after
A) acetylcholine binds to chemically-gated channels in the motor end plate.
B) acetylcholinesterase is released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft.
C) calcium ion binds to channels on the motor end plate.
D) the action potential jumps across the neuromuscular junction.
E) Any of these can produce an action potential in the muscle cell.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
60) The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. What is the correct sequence of these events?
1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin.
2. The free myosin head splits ATP.
3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere.
5. Calcium ion binds to troponin.
6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin.
A) 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2
B) 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3
C) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6
D) 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2
E) 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
61) How would the loss of acetylcholinesterase from the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle?
A) It would make the muscles less excitable.
B) It would produce muscle weakness.
C) It would cause muscles to stay contracted.
D) It would cause muscles to stay relaxed.
E) It would have little effect on skeletal muscles.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
62) When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the sarcolemma becomes
A) more permeable to sodium ions.
B) less permeable to sodium ions.
C) more permeable to calcium ions.
D) less permeable to potassium ions.
E) less permeable to potassium and sodium ions.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
63) The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter
A) epinephrine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) antidiuretic hormone.
E) adrenaline.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
64) At what point during excitation contraction coupling does exocytosis play a role?
A) during calcium ion reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) when sodium channels open up on the motor end plate
C) during acetylcholine release from the synaptic terminal
D) when the action potential surges through the T-tubules
E) when ATP splits into ADP and P on the free myosin head
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
65) Which of the following statements about excitation-contraction coupling is incorrect?
A) Calcium ions travel through the transverse tubule.
B) Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C) Tropomyosin moves to expose myosin binding sites on actin.
D) Troponin binds calcium ion and signals tropomyosin to move.
E) Relaxation requires uptake of calcium ion by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
66) Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters that are released by ______when the action potential arrives.
A) endocytosis
B) apoptosis
C) exocytosis
D) hydrolysis
E) sodium
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
67) The muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis results from
A) insufficient acetylcholine release from presynaptic vesicles.
B) loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate membrane.
C) the motor neuron action potential being too small to stimulate the muscle fibers.
D) excessive acetylcholinesterase that destroys the neurotransmitter.
E) inability of the muscle fiber to produce ATP.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
68) A patient takes a medication that blocks ACh receptors of skeletal muscle fibers. What is this drug's effect on skeletal muscle contraction?
A) increases tone in the muscle
B) causes a strong contraction similar to a "charlie horse" cramp
C) increases the muscle's excitability
D) produces a strong, continuous state of contraction
E) reduces the muscle's ability for contraction
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
69) The rapid rise and fall in force produced by a muscle fiber after a single action potential is a(n)
A) tetanus.
B) unfused tetanus.
C) twitch.
D) motor end plate potential.
E) muscle action potential.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
70) When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly at a high rate, the amount of tension gradually increases to a steady maximum tension. This state of maximum tension is called
A) incomplete tetanus.
B) complete tetanus.
C) a twitch.
D) wave summation.
E) recruitment.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
71) A muscle producing almost peak tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation is said to be in
A) incomplete tetanus.
B) complete tetanus.
C) treppe.
D) wave summation.
E) recruitment.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
72) If a second stimulus arrives before the relaxation phase has ended, a second, more powerful contraction occurs. This addition of one twitch to another is called
A) incomplete tetanus.
B) complete tetanus.
C) treppe.
D) wave summation.
E) recruitment.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
73) A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a(n)
A) end foot.
B) end plate.
C) motor unit.
D) dermatome.
E) myotome.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
74) The contraction of a muscle exerts a pull on a bone because muscles attach to bones by