Fourth Grade SOCIAL STUDIES Curriculum Framework
The History of America (to 1850)
The Land and People before European Exploration
Standard / Essential Content / Resources4.1 The “civilized tribes” and their locations such as the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian, including:
● Coats-Hines Site
● Pinson Mounds
● Old Stone Fort
● Chucalissa Indian Village / Paleo Indians: The Paleo Indians were nomads (no permanent home). They traveled and hunted animals. They lived in groups of related family members.
● Coats- Hines Site: Paleo - indian excavation site in Williamson County, TN. Named “Coats-Hines” in honor of Tennessee Division of Archaeology staff member Patricia Coats, who participated in the excavation of mastodon A, and the Hines corporation, which facilitated the 1994 salvage work.
Archaic Indians: descendants of the Paleo indians but because of the climate changes they had less of a need to be nomadic. They were hunter/ gatherers.
Woodland Indians: first farmers. Still hunter/ gathers but also began cultivating seeds and planting gardens. Known for making pottery not only for practical use but for artistic purposes as well.
● Pinson Mounds: largest burial complex of the Woodland Indians found in West Tennessee.
● Old Stone Fort- ceremonial gathering place of Native Americans. Located in Manchester, TN.
Mississippian Indians: Largest and most complex society. They were known as mound builders. Located in the Mississippi River Valley.
● Chucalissa Indian Village: Remains of these people located in Memphis, TN. : These ancient peoples hunted; made tools of bone, stone, and wood; were capable farmers; and lived in thatch-roofed homes. They built earthworks and worshipped the sun. They lived along the eastern shore of the Mississippi River. Today Choctaw Indians live on the site. / http://www.tn4me.org
Tribes in Tennessee:
http://www.tn4me.org/era.cfm/era_id/1
http://nerrs.noaa.gov/doc/siteprofile/acebasin/html/cultural/cultres/crarctmp.htm
Website gives information on the four distinct cultural stages of the periods as they are delineated by cultural changes such as technological improvements, settlement patterns, and socio-political organization.
http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/st-plains/kids/talking/index.html
Game showing how Native Americans could have communicated using their sign language.
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/northamerica/before1500/history/paleoindian.htm
Website gives background information on Paleoindian time period (kid friendly)
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/northamerica/before1500/history/archaic.htm
Website gives background information on Archaic time period (kid friendly)
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/northamerica/before1500/history/woodland.htm
Website gives background information on Woodland location (kid friendly)
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/northamerica/before1500/history/mississippian.htm
Website gives background information on Mississppian time period/location (kid friendly)
http://centerfirstamericans.org/cfsa-publications/Tune-TA5-2011.pdf
Website shows pictures of excavation of Coats-Hines site and the Paleo-Indian findings.
http://www.tnhistoryforkids.org/places/pinson_mounds
Gives information about the Old Stone Fort past and present including present day pictures.
http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1062
Encyclopedia Article to learn about Pinson Mounds.
http://www.tnhistoryforkids.org/places/old_stone_fort
Gives information about the Old Stone Fort past and present including present day pictures.
http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1018
Encyclopedia Article to learn about Old Stone Fort.
http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=254
Encyclopedia Article to learn about Chucalissa Indian Village
4.2 Analyze religious beliefs, customs, and various folklore traditions of the Cherokee, Creek, Shawnee, Yuchi, and Chickasaw, including:
● principal chief
● summer and winter homes
● Beloved Woman
● white jobs and red jobs
● recreation
● clans
● maternal designations / Southeastern Indian Tribes – Cherokee, Creek, Shawnee, Yuchi , and Chickasaw
Shared cultural traits:
Principal chief – usually the oldest and wisest member of the tribe – passed on through bloodlines – made decisions with advice from a council (which could include women)
Summer homes – wattle and daub – rectangular with poles holding bark and wood scraps – usually very large to accommodate extended families
Winter homes – asi – smaller and closer to the ground – sometimes built into the ground – warmer in the winter
dome-shaped
Beloved Women – women who had attained the right to serve on the Council – served as ambassadors to other tribes – considered peacemakers
i.e., Nancy Ward
white jobs and red jobs – white jobs included those that contributed to the daily life and welfare of the tribe (peacetime) - red jobs included those connected to war – making weapons or training horses
recreation – games of skill were popular – contests between clans
clans – Matriarchal – all lineage through the MOTHER
maternal designations – determined the CLAN – no intermarriage within CLANS / TN Native Americans:
http://www.native-languages.org/ten
nessee.htm
Map of TN native Americans
http://www.k12reader.com/reading-comprehension/Gr5_Wk3_Customs_and_Traditions.pdf
Close reading passage-
Native Americans
Text book “Building A Nation” TN6-7
Ed Helper (If you have an account)
Cherokee:
http://www.ducksters.com/history/native_american_cherokee.php
http://www.tnhistoryforkids.org/esl/esl1
http://nativeamericans.mrdonn.org/southeast/cherokee.html
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/northamerica/before1500/history/cherokee.htm
http://4thgradeky.wikispaces.com/file/view/Cherokee+Packet.pdf
http://www.allthingscherokee.com/articles_culture_people_040101.html
Beloved Women
Discovery Education- “American Indians of the Woodlands- Cherokee”
Video Clip- 1 minute 36 seconds
Creek:
http://www.wacona.com/words/creekcherokee/foods.htm
Site compares Cherokee to Creek.
http://www.native-languages.org/creek-legends.htm
Creek Folklore
http://www.forsythcountyschools.org/its/mpayne/cherokeeandcreek/creek.html
Shawnee:
http://www.bigorrin.org/shawnee_kids.htm
Yuchi:
http://www.bigorrin.org/yuchi_kids.htm
http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1549
http://www.jstor.org/stable/658310?se
Yuchi Myths
Chickasaw:
http://www.bigorrin.org/chickasaw_kids.htm
http://www.native-languages.org/chickasaw-legends.htm
Folklore
4.3 Create a visual display using multiple forms of media to identify with pictures geographic terms such as bluffs, swamps, isthmus, gulf, sea, bay, and cape. / -bluffs: A steep headland, promontory, riverbank, or cliff.
-swamps: A swamp is an area of land permanently saturated, or filled, with water.
-isthmus: An isthmus is a narrow piece of land that connects two larger pieces of land. The narrow piece of land will have water on both sides of it.
-gulf: A gulf is an area of the ocean that is partly enclosed by land. It is larger than a bay and is only found on the continental coast line.
-sea: a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land
-bay: an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf
-cape: a strip of land projecting into a body of water / http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/landforms/glossaryprintable.shtml
Age of Exploration (15th- 16th Centuries)
4.4 Trace the routes of early explorers and describe the early explorations of the Americas, including:● Christopher Columbus
● John Cabot
● Ferdinand Magellan
● Amerigo Vespucci
● Robert de La Salle
● Hernando de Soto
● Henry Hudson
● Jacques Cartier / Christopher Columbus-
-Route: see resources (Spain, San Salvador, Cuba, Hispaniola)
-Describe the early explorations of the Americas:
Italian explorer whose expeditions were sponsored by Spain’s King Ferdinand. Columbus wanted to find East Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean in three ships (Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria). He set sail on August 12, 1492 and first spotted land on October 12, 1492. It was a small island in the Bahamas that Columbus would name San Salvador. He met natives there that he called Indians because he was convinced that he had landed on islands off the coast of East Asia. He also visited other islands in the Caribbean such as Cuba and Hispaniola. After making his discovery, Columbus was eager to return home to Spain and claim his riches. Only the Pinta and the Nina were able to return to Spain, however, as the Santa Maria wrecked off the coast of Hispaniola. Columbus left 43 men behind on the island to start up an outpost. Upon returning home, Columbus was treated like a hero.
John Cabot-
-Route: see resources (England, Canada-Labrador, Newfoundland, Cape Breton)
-Describe the early explorations of the Americas:
An Italian-born English explorer and navigator. At the request of King Henry VII of England, Cabot sailed to Canada in 1497, commanding the small ship called "Matthew." Cabot landed near Labrador, Newfoundland, or Cape Breton Island (the exact spot is uncertain) on June 24, 1497. Cabot claimed the land for England. Cabot explored the Canadian coastline and named many of its islands and capes. The mission's purpose was to search for a Northwest passage across North America to Asia (a seaway to Asia). Cabot was unsuccessful, although he thought that he had reached northeastern Asia.
Cabot undertook a second, larger expedition in 1498. On this trip, Cabot may have reached America, but that is uncertain. Cabot's expeditions were the first of Britain's claims to Canada. John Cabot died in England in 1499.
Ferdinand Magellan-
-Route: see resources
-Describe the early explorations of the Americas:
He was a Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition that sailed around the Earth. Magellan also named the Pacific Ocean (the name means that it is a calm, peaceful ocean). Early in his career, Magellan sailed to India and to the Far East many times via Africa's Cape of Good Hope. He sailed for his native Portugal, but a dispute with the Portuguese King Manuel II turned him against the Portuguese. Thereafter, he sailed for Spain. Magellan and his friend the astronomer Ruy de Falero proposed to King Charles V (of Spain) that a westward voyage around the tip of South America would take them to the Moluccas (spice-rich islands) and avoid the Portuguese (with whom they were competing fiercely). The voyage began September 8, 1519, and lasted until September 6, 1522 (almost 3 years). Magellan sailed from Seville, Spain, with five ships, the Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepcion, Victoria, and Santiago. Three years later, only one ship (the Victoria) made it back to Seville, carrying only 18 of the original 270 crew members. Magellan was killed towards the end of the voyage, on the Island of Mactan in the Philippines, during a battle with the natives. The Basque navigator Juan Sebastián de Elcano (del Cano) completed the trip.
Amerigo Vespucci-
-Route: see resources (Spain, Amazon River, Orinoco River, South America, Portugal)
-Describe the early explorations of the Americas:
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer who was the first person to realize that the Americas were separate from the continent of Asia. America was named for him in 1507, when the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemüller, printed the first map that used the name America for the New World.
On his first expedition (sailing for Spain, 1499-1500), Vespucci was the navigator under the command of Alonso de Ojeda. On this trip, Ojeda and Vespucci discovered the mouth of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers in South America, thinking it was part of Asia. On his second expedition (sailing for Portugal, 1501-02) he mapped some of the eastern coast of South America, and came to realize that it not part of Asia, but a New World.
Robert de La Salle-
-Route: see resources (France, Canada, Mississippi River, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Eerie, Lake Ontario)
-Describe the early explorations of the Americas:
He was a French explorer. He was sent by King Louis XIV to travel south from Canada and sail down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. He was the first European to travel the length of the Mississippi River. His mission was to explore and establish fur-trade routes along the river. La Salle named the entire Mississippi basin Louisiana, in honor of the King, and claimed it for France on April 9, 1682. He also explored Lake Michigan (1679), Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. He tried to start a settlement in the southern Mississippi River Valley.
Hernando de Soto-
-Route: see resources
-Describe the early explorations of the Americas:
(1500-1542) was a Spanish explorer who sailed the Atlantic Ocean and was the first European to explore Florida and the southeastern US. In 1524, he went on an expedition to Nicaragua, South America. De Soto lived for a while in Nicaragua, prospering by engaging in the slave trade. Francisco Pizarro enlisted de Soto for an expedition to Peru (1531-1532). During this expedition they met and killed Atahualpa, the ruler of the Incas, and conquered the Inca empire. De Soto returned to Spain in 1536, and was granted the rights to conquer Florida and was named governor of Cuba in 1537. De Soto arrived on the west coast of Florida on May 30, 1539 with 10 ships carrying over 600 soldiers, priests, and explorers. They spent four years searching for gold and silver, exploring the area, and brutally contacting native societies, including the Cherokees, Seminoles, Creeks, Appalachians, and Choctaws. De Soto died during the explorations and was buried on the banks of the Mississippi River in late June, 1542.
Henry Hudson-
-Route: see resources
-Describe the early explorations of the Americas: (1565-1611) was an English explorer and navigator who explored parts of the Arctic Ocean and northeastern North America. The Hudson River, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay are named for Hudson. He made two trips (in 1607 and 1608), but failed to find a route to China. In 1607, he sailed to Spitzbergen (an island north of Scandinavia in the Arctic Ocean) and discovered Jan Mayen Island (a tiny island off eastern Greenland). Hudson sailed into New York's harbor on September 3, 1609 and noted what an excellent harbor it was. Hudson sailed up the river about 150 miles (240 km) and noted the abundance of rich land, but realized that this was not a waterway to India. His reports resulted in many Dutch settlements in the area. From 1610-1611 he made a trip through the Hudson Strait and into Hudson Bay ended in a mutiny. Hudson died in 1611 after his crew mutinied and left Hudson, his son, and seven crew members adrift in a small, open boat in Hudson Bay.
Jacques Cartier
-Route: see resources
-Describe the early explorations of the Americas:
(1491-1557) was a French explorer who led three expeditions to Canada, in 1534, 1535, and 1541. He was looking for a route to the Pacific through North America (a Northwest Passage) but did not find one. Cartier paved the way for French exploration of North America. Cartier sailed inland, going 1,000 miles up the St. Lawrence River. He also tried to start a settlement in Quebec (in 1541), but it was abandoned after a terribly cold winter. Cartier named Canada; "Kanata" means village or settlement in the Huron-Iroquois language. Cartier was given directions by Huron-Iroquois Indians for the route to "kanata," a village near what is now Quebec, but Cartier later named the entire region Canada. / Explorers:
http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g5s_u2/
Interactive map showing many explorers’ paths
http://www.k12reader.com/reading-comprehension/Gr5_Wk18_Conflict_Over_North_American_Lands.pdf
Close read passage
Christopher Columbus:
TE 134-138
TE 141 (map)
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/history-kids/christopher-columbus-kids/
Columbus Video
http://www.ducksters.com/biography/explorers/christopher_columbus.php