For Mbbs Pediatrics

QUESTION BANK

FOR MBBS PEDIATRICS

Long Essay - 20 marks

Describe the aetiology, lab diagnosis and management of Nutritional Iron Deficiency Anaemia.
Describe the causes of Rickets, write in detail the management and prevention of Nutritional Rickets
Aetiology, Clinical manifestation and Management of megaloblastic Anaemia
Describe ten steps for successful breast-feeding.
Define short stature, what are the causes of short stature? Write briefly on management of growth hormone deficiency.
Define Enuresis. What are the causes of Enuresis? Write briefly on the management of enuresis.
Adolescent friendly health services.
Define Hyponatremia. What are the causes of hyponatremia? How do you manage hyponatremia?
Aetiology o f acute diarrhea. Write briefly on the management of dehydration.
How do you classify dehydration? Write briefly on management of severe dehydration.
What are the causes of protein energy malnutrition? Write briefly on prevention of PEM.
Define obesity. What are the causes of obesity? Write briefly on management of exogenous obesity.
Describe the clinical features and management of dengue shock syndrome.
What are the causes of hematemesis in children? Write in detail the management of extra hepatic portal hypertension.
How do you classify Anaemia in children? Write in detail Lab diagnosis and management of Iron Deficiency anemia.
How do you classify hemolytic anemia? Write in detail lab diagnosis and management of Thalassemia Major.
Describe the mechanism of clotting? Write in detail clinical features and management of hemophilia ‘A’.
Describe the causes, pathogenesis and management of DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation)
What are the causes of Stridor in children? Write in detail the clinical features, investigation and management of croup.
What are the causes of wheezing in children? Describe the clinical features and management of acute severe asthma.
What are the causes of pneumonia in children? Write in detail the treatment of community acquired pneumonia.
What are the causes of Empyema thoracis? Write in detail the clinical features and management of Empyema thoracis.
Describe clinical features, investigation and management of bronchiectasis.
Describe foetal circulation. How do you manage symptomatic PDA at birth?
Describe aetiogy and pathogenesis of Rheumatic fever. Write in detail the management of acute rheumatic carditis.
Describe the aetiology, lab investigation and treatment of infective endocarditis.
What are the causes of generalised oedema in children? Discuss the lab diagnosis and management of Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome.
What are the causes of hematuria in children? Write in detail the lab diagnosis and management of Acute Glomerulonephritis.
Discuss the aetiology and management of Acute Renal failure.
Aetiology, lab diagnosis and management of Acute Bacterial Meningitis.
Clinical features, lab diagnosis and management of Tuberculous Meningitis.
Aetiology of AFP? (Acute Flaccid Paralysis) Write in detail AFP surveillance.
Aetiology, clinical features and management of Cerebral Palsy?
Aetiology and clinical features of shock. Write in detail the management of Hypovolemic Shock.
What are the causes of low birth weight (LBW) baby? Describe the strategies to reduce the incidence of LBW babies.
Aetiology. Clinical features and management of neonatal sepsis.
What are the causes of preterm baby? What are the common problems of preterm? Write in detail management of hypothermia.
What are the causes of jaundice at birth? What are the clinical features and management of rh-hemolytic disease of the newborn?
What are the causes of respiratory diseases in newborn? What are the clinical features and management of hyaline membrane disease (HMD)?
What are the causes of neonatal seizure? Write in detail the management of neonatal seizure.
Describe the bilirubin metabolism in neonate? Write briefly on physiological jaundice of newborn.
Describe the fetal circulation. What are the changes that occur at birth?

SHORT ESSAY - 5 MARKS

What are the advantages of breast-feeding?
Define failure to thrive. Mention the common causes for failure to thrive.
Goitre.
Management of nutritional rickets.
Anaemia prophylaxis.
Write in detail on vitamin D metabolism.
Write in detail on vitamin A deficiency.
Clinical features and management of Scurvy.
Lactation failure.
Clinical features and management of congenital hypothyroidism.
Breath holding spell.
Temper tantrum.
Management of Enuresis.
Management of ADHD (attention deficit hyper active disorder)
Clinical features and management of autism.
Write briefly on Common adolescent health problem.
Adolescent nutrition.
Management of SIADH
Management of Hypernatremia
What are the causes of hypokalemia? Write briefly on management of hypokalemia.
Define hyperkalemia? Write briefly on management of hyperkalemia.
Low osmolar ORS.
Baby friendly hospital initiative.
Complementary feeding.
Management of lactation failure.
Prevention of PEM
National nutritional goals
Anti oxidants.
IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin)
IAP Immunization schedule
BCG Vaccine
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Oral Polio vaccine (OPV)
DPT vaccine
Measles vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccine
Influenza vaccine
Rabies vaccine
Pulse polio vaccination
Complication of measles infection
AFP surveillance (acute flaccid paralysis)
Write briefly on polio eradication.
Write briefly on viral hepatitis A infection
What are the modes of hepatitis B transmission
Infant born to HBsAg Positive mother
Fulminant hepatic failure
Hepatic encephalopathy
Lab diagnosis of dengue fever
Chikunguniya fever
CD4 count
HIV virus
Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection
Zidovudine
Nevirapine
Oseltamivir
Prevention of HIV infection
Clinical features of diphtheria
What are the complications of diphtheria
Complications of whooping cough (pertussis)
Management of Enteric fever
Complications of Enteric fever
Laboratory diagnosis of Enteric fever.
Briefly describe on Prevention of enteric fever.
What is primary complex?
Briefly describe on Monteux test.
RNTCP
What are the complications of Falciparum infection
Management of cerebral malaria.
Tropical splenomegaly syndrome
Treatment of Uncomplicated malaria.
Chemoprophylaxis for malaria
Lab diagnosis and treatment of giardiasis
Complications of ascariasis
Clinical features and treatment of neur0cysticercosis.
Clinical features and management of congenital hypertrophic pyloricstenos is.
Diagnosis and management of Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Enumerate the causes of Acute abdominal pain in children
Enumerate the causes of chronic recurrent abdominal pain in children.
Clinical features and treatment of intussusceptions in infants.
Define dysentery. What is the treatment of dysentery
Clinical features of portal hypertension.
Lab diagnosis and management of Iron deficiency anaemia.
Lab diagnosis and management of megaloblastic anaemia.
Complications of thalassemia major.
Complications of hereditary spherocytosis
Chelation therapy in thalassemia major
Transfusion therapy in thalassemia major.
Complications of sickle cell disease.
G6PD deficiency. (Glucose-6 phosphatedehydrogenase)
What are the indications for splenectomy in children?
Stemcell transplantation
Management of Acute ITP (Immune thrombocytopenic purpura)
Clinical features of hemophilia A
Lab diagnosis of hemophilia A
Management of hemophilia A
Aetiology and management of acute otitis media
Neonatal screening for hearing loss
Clinical features and treatment of allergic rhinitis
What are the causes of pharyngitis? How do you manage acute streptococcal pharyngitis?
Laryngomalacia
Clinical features of croup
Clinical features of acute epiglottitis
Clinical features of acute bronchiolitis
Management of acute severe asthma
Clinical features of acute bacterial pneumonia
Triggers of asthma
How do you grade the severity of acute asthma
Goals of therapy in long term management of asthma
Montelukast in asthma
Inhaled corticosteroids in asthma
Clinical features of bronchiectasis
Chest physiotherapy in bronchiectasis
Clinical features and management of foreign body aspiration.
Management of congestive cardiac failure.
Management of cyanotic spell
Clinical features of congestive cardiac failure
Clinical feature and treatment of rheumatic arthritis
Clinical feature and treatment of rheumatic chorea
Treatment of infective endocarditis
Clinical features of infective endocarditis
Lab diagnosis of infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditisprophylaxis for a known heart disease
Nadas criteria for severity of Congenital Heart Disease.
Diagnostic implication of Second heart sound.
Management of VSD.
Management of PDA.
Management of Tetralogy of Fallot.
Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome.
Complications of Acute Glomerulonephritis.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Indications for renal biopsy in Nephrotic Syndrome.
What are the causes of proteinuria?
Urinary tract infection – Aetiology and Management.
Lab diagnosis and management of HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome).
Clinical features of HSP (Henoch Scholein purpura).
Outline the management of Nephrotic Syndrome.
Outline the management of Acute Glomerulonephritis.
Grading of Vesico ureteric reflux.
Aetiology of Acute renal failure.
What are the causes of chronic renal failure?
Clinical features of chronic renal failure.
Clinical features of renal tubular Acidosis.
Clinical features of Congenital Hypothyroidism.
Lab diagnosis and management of Congenital Hypothyroidism.
Clinical features and management of febrile convulsion.
CSF changes in acute bacterial meningitis.
Complications of Acute bacterial meningitis.
Treatment of Acute bacterial meningitis.
Clinical features of Tubercular meningitis.
CSF findings in classical Tubercular meningitis.
Lab diagnosis of Tubercular meningitis.
Complication of Tubercular meningitis.
Clinical features of viral encephalitis.
Aetiology of Hydrocephalus.
What are the clinical features of Hydrocephalus?
Aetiology and clinical features of Pseudo-Tumor Cerebri.
Clinical features of G B Syndrome.
Management of G B Syndrome.
Clinical features of Rheumatic Chorea.
What are the causes of Floppy Infant?
Types of Juvenile Rheumatic Arthritis. (JRA)
Lab diagnosis of JRA.
Treatment of JRA.
Clinical features of Kawasaki’s disease.
Prenatal diagnosis of Down’s syndrome.
CranioSynostosis.
Clinical features of Shock.
Principles in management of shock.
Inotropic support in shock.
Intraosseous cannulation.
Assessment of fetal well being.
Non stress test
Fetal biophysical profile.
Components of essential perinatal neonatal care at the grass roots level.
What are the risk factors for birth asphyxia? Describe the systemic manifestations of severe birth asphyxia.
APGAR score
Physiological jaundice
Cephalohematoma
Prevention of hypothermia of newborn
Methods of heat loss in newborn
Prevention of transmission of HIV from mother to new born
Lab diagnosis and treatment of congenital syphilis
Lab diagnosis of neonatal sepsis
Prevention of tetanus Neonatorum
What are the causes of IUGR babies
Prevention of LBW babies.
Mention the causes of prolonged physiological jaundice in newborn.
Lab diagnosis of rh-hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Phototherapy- Mechanism and complications.
Exchange blood transfusion- Indication and complication.
Surfactant
Causes of respiratory diseases in newborn
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Clinical features of meconium aspiration syndrome
Complicationsof neonatal aspiration syndrome
IVH (Intra ventricular hemorrhage) in newborn
Hypoxic Ischemic encephalopathy.
Types of seizure in newborn
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
Treatment of polycythemia of newborn
Management of hypoglycemia of newborn
Management of hypocalcaemia of newborn
Clinical features of NEC (necrotizing entero colitis)
Congenital hypertropic pyloric stenosis
Congenital dislocation of hip
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Risk factors for RoP (Retinopathy of prematurity)
Complications of twin pregnancy
Management of hypothermia of newborn
Transport of a sick LBW newborn
Rapid diagnostic tests for neonatal sepsis
Management of baby born to HBsAg +ve mother
Umbilical sepsis
Management of apnea of newborn
What is the Causes of Central cyanosis at birth?
Management of PDA in preterm baby.
Neonatal tetanus
Congenital cataract
Retinopathy of prematurity
Hyperoxia test
Vaccination for newborn
Feeding of low birth weight baby
What are the problems of infant of diabetic mother?
Define IMR? (Infant mortality rate) What are the causes for IMR?
Breast milk jaundice
What are the causes for delayed passage of Meconium
APGAR score
Lab diagnosis of Congenital syphilis
Treatment of congenital syphilis

SHORT ANSWERS – 3 MARKS

Colostrum
Vitamin ‘A’ prophylaxis.
Management of Iron deficiency anaemia.
Zinc deficiency.
Prevention of nutritional rickets.
Screening of new born for congenital hypothyroidism
Thumb sucking
Anorexia nervosa
Clinical features of h hyponatremia
Clinical features of hypernatremia
Signs of dehydration
Signs of good attachment in breast-feeding.
Hyper vitaminosis A
Folic acid and NTD (neural tube defect)
Laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria
Laboratory diagnosis of swine flu.
Laboratory diagnosis of malaria.
Clinical features of Iron deficiency anaemia.
Clinical features of megaloblastic anaemia.
Clinical features of thalassemia major
Bone marrow findings in aplastic anaemia
Peripheral blood picture in thalassemia major
Desferrioxamine in thalassemia
Deferiprone in thalassemia
Mention the causes of prolonged bleeding time.
What are the causes of thrombocytopenia?
Clinical features of acute ATP
IVIG in ITP
What are the platelet functional disorders?
Management of epistaxis
Cryoprecipitate in hemophilia A
Factor VIII therapy in hemophilia A
Management of croup
Management of acute bronchiolitis
Classification of asthma severity for long-term management.
Clinical classifications of pneumonia as per IMNCI
Pleural fluid findings in empyema
Pleural fluid findings in tubercular pleural effusion
Prevention of rheumatic fever
Aetiology of infective endocarditis
Classification of congenital heart disease
Complications of VSD
Differential diagnosis for PDA
Urine examination in Nephrotic Syndrome.
Urine examination in Acute Glomerulonephritis.
Aetiology of UTI in Children.
Lab diagnosis of UTI.
What are the types of Renal Tubular Acidosis?
Aetiology of Acute Bacterial Meningitis.
Complications of Acute Bacterial Meningitis.
Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis.
Clinical signs of Meningitis.
Clinical stages of Tubercular meningitis.
Lab diagnosis of Reye’s syndrome.
Prevention of Neural tube defect.
CSF changes in G B Syndrome.
Pulse polio immunization.
Treatment of rheumatic chorea.
Types of cerebral palsy.
Different types of Trisomy.
What are the types of Shock?
Management of Anaphylaxis.
What are the stages of HIE (Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy)
Aetiology of neonatal sepsis
Kangaroo mother care
What is “small for date baby” and what are types of small for date babies?
Physiological jaundice of newborn
Mechanism of phototherapy
Complications of phototherapy
Precautions to be taken while the baby on phototherapy
Indications for phototherapy in newborn
Indications for exchange transfusion in newborn
Antenatal steroid
Types of trachea esophageal fistula
Erb’s palsy
Types of HDN (hemorrhagic disease of newborn)
Neonatal thyroid screening
Types of conjoint twins
What are the cause of apnea of newborn
Causes of polycythemia of newborn
Causes of anaemia of newborn
Prevention of neonatal tetanus
Vitamin k for newborn
Cephalohematoma
Assessment of severity of jaundice in newborn
Advantages of colostrums
PG E1 infusion in the newborn.
Indomethacin in newborn
Single umbilical artery
Lab diagnosis of congenital syphilis
Indications for bag and mask ventilation at birth
Indications for endotracheal intubation at birth
Contra indications for bag and mask ventilation in newborn
Name 3 VACCINES given at birth
Mention 3 common causes of prolonged physiological jaundice.
Antenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome
Triple test for diagnosis of Down syndrome in the Antenatal period.
Stages of HIE (Hypoxic ischemic Encephalopathy
Mention 3 causes of bleeding in the newborn period
Care of umbilical stump