First Semester Study Guide (Part 2)

  1. What is the difference in the impact of geography on the formation of Ancient Greece and Rome?

Greece: Mountains, separate city-states

Rome: Rolling Hills, unified empire

  1. What are the two classes of people in Rome?

Patricians and Plebeians

  1. What is a tribune and why are they so important to plebeians?

Representative of the Plebeians who has the power of veto, which gives the plebeians protection in the government for the first time.

  1. Why did Rome establish a republic?

To prevent one person from having too much power.

  1. Why was Rome able to build an empire so quickly and fairly easily?

They treated conquered peoples well and granted some of them citizenship.

They also had a dominating military.

  1. Describe the Punic Wars.

Series of wars between Rome and Carthage that resulted in Carthage being destroyed in the third war. Hannibal almost conquered Rome in the second war when he marched through France and attacked from the north.

  1. Why was Julius Caesar assassinated?

He was believed to be trying to make himself king.

  1. Who was the first emperor of Rome?

Augustus/Octavian

  1. What is so important about the use of a census?

It allows for fair administration and collection of taxes.

  1. Why were aqueducts so important to Romans?

Fresh water to the millions in the city!!!!

  1. What elements of Roman law have we incorporated into our government?

Innocent until proven guilty

Juries

Guaranteed defense

Face accuser

Evidence has to be clear

  1. Why were the Jew treated so well religiously by the Romans?

The only religion that would have had to go against their beliefs.

  1. Which emperor helped to spread Christianity?

Constantine

  1. What problems led to the fall of the Roman Empire?

Economics

Poor from warfare

Trade decreased

Political

Power struggles

Military

Attacked

Social

Disease

Poor morale

  1. What are the contributions of Constantine and Diocletian? How do they affect the development of the Roman Empire?

Constantine: Allowed Christianity, Established a new capital

Diocletian: Split the empire

Both aid in the eventual downfall of the empire.

  1. How does the feudal system work?

System of contracts and agreements between the various classes of people in which power and protection is exchanged for land, labor, and military service.

  1. What is a Manor and how is it set up?

A lord’s estate with a village and surrounding lands. Fields are set up for seasonal planting with a fallow field. Strips of land are given in each field to try to be fair.

  1. Knights followed a basic code of chivalry, what are the basics of the code? Could those basics be applied to our values today?

Honor, bravery, fighting fair, protecting the innocent and weak

  1. What was the duty of a knight?

Duty to fight for God and his lord.

  1. What was life like for people in the Manor system during the Middle Ages? Include all classes in your answer.

Peasants: poor life in villages, sleeping with animals, one room cottages, working the fields

Nobles: comfortable life in castles

Overall: disease, dirty, warfare

  1. What is the purpose of a castle?

Defense

  1. How is religion incorporated into the daily lives of people during the Dark Ages?

Everything has a religious aspect. Entertainment, arts, and literature all reflect their beliefs.

  1. Describe the first four Crusades.

1st – Knights capture Jerusalem

2nd – Egyptian Sultan recaptures Jerusalem for the Muslims

3rd – Knights fail to capture Jerusalem

4th – Christians vs. Christians in Constantinople

  1. What were the results of the Crusades?

Increasing importance in Trade.

Interest sparked in Roman Greatness.

  1. Describe the Reconquest and Inquisition in Spain.

Reconquest – kicking out of Muslims from Spain

Inquisition – kicking out and killing of all non-Christians

  1. What were the four agricultural developments of the Middle Ages discussed and how did they affect the period?

Iron Plow, Mules, new harness system, Windmills

  1. How did the middle class and guilds begin to get power during the Late Middle Ages?

Rich from skilled jobs

Combine resources

Don’t participate in the Feudal system

  1. What was city life like in the Middle Ages?

Sewer in the streets, rare bathing, LOTS of DISEASE

  1. What was the Bubonic Plague? How did it spread? What impact did it have on the Middle Ages?

Plague brought on Europe fleas on rats from Asia. Killed millions!!!!!!

  1. Describe the Hundred Years War and the influences of technology on the outcome.

England vs. France

Longbow vs. Cannon

France wins.

  1. Who was Joan of Arc and what role did she play in the Hundred Years War? What happened to her?

17 yr. old peasant who claimed to be a servant of god who led the French to victory over England. She was captured by a French group who favored England. They put her on trial and burned her at the stake.

  1. Who was Charles Martel and Charlemagne? What role did they play in the formation of France?

Charles Martel raised an army and kicked the Muslims out of France at the Battle of Tours. Charles also began conquering areas around France in an effort to create an empire. His grandson, Charlemagne, reformed the government through a system known as missi dominici. For helping the pope, Charlemagne was awarded the title of Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne also promoted Christianity in the empire.

  1. What did William the Duke of Normandy do and when?

William conquered England in 1066.

  1. What is the Doomsday Book?

The Doomsday Book is the census of England to promote fair taxes. It was tied to the Christian philosophy of Judgment Day.

  1. What was the Magna Carta and why is it important?

The Magna Carta was a document signed by King John of England that helped establish civil rights for nobles and place the king under the law.

  1. Briefly explain the reign of John and Richard in England?

Richard ruled for 10 years but spent most of it fighting in the 3rd Crusade. His brother John ruled in his place and was harsh to the citizens of England.

  1. Explain the system of Parliament.

Parliament is set up in two houses with the nobles having control of the House of Lords and the peasants having control of the House of Lords. A prime minister is then chosen by the Parliament to be the executive officer of the state.