First Major Approach to the Study of Language

Raymond Oenbring Reading Lists 1

3/3/2006

PhD Exam Reading Lists

First Major Approach to the Study of Language:

History of Linguistic Methodologies

Rationale: With this list, I am attempting to investigate the methodological assumptions underpinning several of the most prominent schools of thought within the history of modern Western linguistics. I am particularly interested in how the various schools of linguistics have differentially framed their projects as scientific endeavors, and, moreover, the critiques that the schools have had of each other. Historical linguistics from the 19th century until today has frequently framed its project as a science. Many of the post-Bloomfieldian structuralist linguists were, of course, staunch empiricists. More recently, Chomskyan linguistics and cognitive grammar have framed the study of language in mentalist terms. Moreover, while sociolinguists and discourse analysts have opposed mentalism, they have, nevertheless, frequently framed their projects as social science, legitimating their research programs through appeals to empiricism.

The ‘Histories of Linguistics’ sub-list will, of course, provide a general overview of important methodological trends. I have included the ‘Traditional Grammar and Prescriptivism’ sub-list both for background information and to juxtapose later linguistic frameworks. On the sub-lists devoted to the various schools of linguistics, I have included both important contemporary textsand seminal historical studies. Of course, in casting such a wide net with this list, I have chosen to privilege coverage at the expense of depth.

(70 items)

Histories of Linguistics

Embleton, Sheila, John Joseph, and Hans-Josef Niederehe. The Emergence of the Modern Language Sciences. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1999.

Harris, Randy Allen. The Linguistics Wars. New York: Oxford UP, 1993.

Koerner, E.F.K. Concise History of the Language Sciences: from the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. New York: Pergamon, 1995.

——. Essays in the History of Linguistics. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2004.

Newmeyer, Frederick. Linguistic Theory in America.New York: Academic Press, 1986.

——. Politics of Linguistics. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986.

Seuren, Pieter. Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

Traditional Grammar and Prescriptivism

Fowler, Henry. The King’s English. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1931.

Johnson, Samuel. A Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Arno Press, 1979.

Jones, Richard. Triumph of the English Language. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1953.

Quirk, Randolph and Sidney Greenbaum. A Concise Grammar of Contemporary English. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973.

Laird, Charlton and Robert M. Gorrell. English as Language: Backgrounds, Development, Usage. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961.

Leith, Dick. A Social History of English. Boston: Routledge & K. Paul, 1983.

Diachronic Linguistics

Alter, Stephen.Darwinism and the Linguistic Image: Language, Race, and Natural Theology in the Nineteenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1999.

Bynon, Theodora. Historical Linguistics. New York: Cambridge UP, 1977.

Hock, Hans Henrich. Principles of Historical Linguistics. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1986.

Jones, William, Sir. Selections. Ed. Satya S. Pachori.New York: Oxford UP, 1993.

Lehmann, Winfred, ed.A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1967.

Lightfoot, David. The Development of Language: Acquisition, Change, and Evolution. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 1999.

McMahon, April. Change, Chance, and Optimality. Oxford: Oxford UP,2000.

Whitney, William Dwight. The Life and Growth of Language: An Outline of Linguistic Science. New York: Dover, 1979.

Structuralist Linguistics

Bloomfield, Leonard. Language. New York: H. Holt, 1933.

——. Linguistic Aspects of Science. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1939.

Boas, Franz. Kwakiutl Culture as Reflected in Mythology. New York: American Folklore Society, 1935.

——. Race, Language and Culture. New York: Macmillan, 1940.

Jakobson, Roman.Kindersprache, Aphaise, und allgemeine Lautgesetze. The Hague: Mouton, 1968.

—— and Morris Halle. Fundamentals of Language. ‘s-Gravenhage:Mouton, 1956.

Harris, Zellig. Structural Linguistics. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1951.

Hymes, Dell and John Fought. American Structuralism.The Hague: Mouton, 1981.

Lepschy, Giulio. A Survey of Structural Linguistics.London: Faber and Faber, 1972.

Sapir, Edward. Language. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1921.

Saussure, Ferdinand de. Course in General Linguistics. Trans. Roy Harris. London: Duckworth, 1995.

Whorf, Benjamin. Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings. Ed. John Carroll. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1956.

Chomskyan Linguistics

Chomsky, Noam. Syntactic Structures.'s-Gravenhage, Mouton, 1957.

——. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1965.

——. Language and Mind. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1968.

——.Language and Problems of Knowledge: The Managua Lectures.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988.

——. On Nature and Language. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002.

—— and Morris Halle. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row, 1968.

Culicover, Peter, and Ray Jackendoff. Simpler Syntax. New York: Oxford UP, 2005.

Haegeman, Liliane. Introduction to Government and Binding Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1991.

Huck, Geoffrey, and John Goldsmith. Ideology and Linguistic Theory: Noam Chomsky and the Deep Structure Debates. New York: Routledge, 1995.

Radford, Andrew. Syntax: A Minimalist Introduction. Cambridge, UK.: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Sociolinguistics

Biber, Douglas. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. New York: Longman, 1999.

Chambers, J.K., Peter Trudgill, and Natalie Schilling-Estes. The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2002.

Garfinkel, Harold. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice Hall, 1967.

Gumperz, John, and Dell Hymes, eds. Directions in Sociolinguistics: the Ethnography of Communication. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986.

Holmes, Janet. Introduction to Sociolinguistics. London and New York: Longman, 1992.

Labov, William. Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular. Philadelphia: U of PennsylvaniaP, 1972.

——. Principles of Linguistic Change. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1994.

Saville-Troike, Muriel. The Ethnography of Communication: An Introduction. New York: Blackwell, 1989.

Trudgill, Peter.International English: A Guide to Varieties of Standard English. London: Edward Arnold, 1985.

Cognitive Grammar

Croft, William, and D. Alan Cruse. Cognitive Linguistics.New York: Cambridge UP, 2004.

Dancygier, Barbara, and Eve Sweetser. Mental Spaces in Grammar: Conditional Constructions. New York: Cambridge UP, 2005.

Fauconnier, Gilles. Mappings in Thought and Language. New York: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Johnson, Mark. The Body in the Mind: the Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.

Lakoff, George. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.

—— and Mark Turner. More than Cool Reason:a Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1989.

Langacker, Ronald. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1987.

Tomasello, Michael. Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2003.

Turner, Mark. Cognitive Dimensions of Social Science. New York: Oxford UP, 2001.

Discourse Analysis and Discourse Theory

Chilton, Paul.Analyzing Political Discourse: Theory and Practice.London: Routledge, 2004.

Chouliaraki, Lilie, and Norman Fairclough. Discourse in Late Modernity: Rethinking Critical Discourse Analysis.Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1999.

Eggins, Suzanne.An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. New York: St. Martin's, 1994

Fairclough, Norman. Discourse and Social Change.Cambridge, MA: Polity Press, 1992

Gee, James Paul. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method.New York: Routledge, 1999.

Giddens, Anthony. Social Theory and Modern Sociology. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford UP, 1987.

Habermas, Jürgen. The Theory of Communicative Action. Trans. Thomas McCarthy. Boston: Beacon, 1984.

Halliday, M.A.K., and Ruqaiya Hasan. Cohesion in English. London: Longman, 1976.

Jaworski, Adam, and Nikolas Coupland, eds.The Discourse Reader. New York: Routledge, 1999.

Mills, Sara. Discourse. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Schiffrin, Deborah.Discourse Markers.New York: Cambridge UP, 1987

Wodak, Ruth, and Michael Meyer, eds. Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage, 2001.

Second Major Approach to the Study of Language:

Rhetoric and Composition

Rationale: With this list, my goal is to get up to speed on many of the most important trends in contemporary composition and disciplinary writing scholarship. The‘Rhetorical Theory’ sub-list focuses largely on landmark historical studies that inform contemporary scholarship in rhetorical criticism and composition theory. That is to say, I have included many of the texts that I have on this sub-list because, although they remain important studies, I did not get the opportunity to read them during my course work. The ‘Disciplinarity, Genre, and Writing in the Disciplines’ sub-list includes both important theoretical works (e.g., Bourdieu and Foucault)and contemporary genre theory and disciplinary writing scholarship. This sub-list, furthermore, directly complements the goals of my ‘Scientific Discourse’ list. The ‘Composition: Major Trends’ sub-list focuses both on practically focused pedagogical theories and historical accounts and/or political analyses of the place of composition in the university. Once again, I have with this list decided to aim for coverage rather than depth.

(49 items)

Rhetorical Theory

Bakhtin, M. M. The Dialogic Imagination. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981.

Bitzer, Lloyd: "The Rhetorical Situation." Philosophy and Rhetoric 1 (1968): 1-14.

Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives. New York: Prentice Hall, 1945.

——. A Rhetoric of Motives. New York: Prentice Hall, 1950.

Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge, 1990.

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Truth and Method. New York: Crossroad, 1989.

Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar. “The Very Idea of a Rhetorical Culture.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 80 (1994): 333-338.

Habermas, Jürgen.Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Trans. Christian Lenhardtand Shierry Weber. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT P, 1990.

Kennedy, George. A New History of Classical Rhetoric. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1994.

Mailloux, Steven. Rhetorical Power. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1989.

Miller, Carolyn R. “The Polis as Rhetorical Community.” Rhetorica 11.3 (1993): 211 -240.

Perelman, Chaim, and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca: The New Rhetoric: a Treatise on Argumentation. Trans. John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver. Notre Dame: Notre Dame UP, 1969.

Scott, Robert. "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic.”Central States Speech Journal 18 (1967): 9 -18.

Toulmin, Stephen. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge UP, 1958.

——. Human Understanding. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1972.

Disciplinarity, Genre, and Writing in the Disciplines

Bawarshi, Anis. Genre and the Invention of the Writer: Reconsidering the Place of Invention in Composition. Logan: UtahState UP, 2003.

Bazerman, Charles, and James Paradis, eds. Textual Dynamics of the Professions: Historical andContemporary Studies of Writing in Professional Communities. Madison: U of Wisconsin P,1991.

Berkenkotter, Carol, and Thomas N. Huckin. Genre Knowledge in Disciplinary Communication: Cognition, Culture, Power. Northvale: Erlbaum Associates, 1995.

Bourdieu, Pierre. Language and Symbolic Power. Ed. John B. Thompson. Trans. Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1991.

——, Jean-Claude Passeron, and Monique de Saint Martin. Academic Discourse: Linguistic Misunderstanding and Professorial Power. Trans.Richard Teese. Cambridge, UK.: PolityPress, 1994.

Dillon, George. Contending Rhetorics: Writing in Academic Disciplines. Indianapolis: Indiana UP,1991.

Foucault, Michel. The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Trans. A.M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Pantheon Books,

——.Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Tr.Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.

Freedman, Aviva and Peter Medway, eds. Genre and the New Rhetoric. Bristol, PA: Taylor and Francis, 1994.

Joliffe, David A., ed. Writing in Academic Disciplines. Norwood, NJ: Ablex,1988.

McCloskey, Donald. The Rhetoric of Economics.Madison: U of WisconsinP, 1985.

Messer-Davidow, Ellen, David Shumway and David Sylvan. Knowledges: Historical and CriticalStudies in Disciplinarity. Charlottesville, U of Virginia P, 1993.

Swales, John. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990.

Composition: Major Trends

Barton, Ellen, and Gail Stygall. Discourse Studies in Composition. Cresskill, N.J.: Hampton, 2002.

Bizzell, Patricia. Academic Discourse and Critical Consciousness. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 1992.

Bruffee, Kenneth A. Collaborative Learning, Higher Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1999.

Corbett, Edward P.J. Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. New York: Oxford UP, 1990.

Connors, Robert J. Composition-Rhetoric: Backgrounds, Theory and Pedagogy. Pittsburgh: U ofPittsburghP, 1997.

Crowley, Sharon. Composition in the University: Historical and Polemical Essays. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 1998.

Elbow, Peter. Writing without Teachers. New York: Oxford UP, 1973.

Faigley, Lester. Fragments of Rationality: Postmodernity and the Subject of Composition. Pittsburgh: U of PittsburghP, 1992.

Fox, Tom. Defending Access: A Critique of Standards in Higher Education.Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1999.

Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum,1990.

Gilyard, Keith, ed. Race, Rhetoric, and Composition. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1999.

Hawisher, Gail E. and Cynthia L. Selfe, eds.Passions, Pedagogies, and 21st Century Technologies.Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1999.

Jarratt, Susan. Rereading the Sophists: Classical Rhetoric Refigured. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1991.

Kent, Thomas. Post-process Theory: Beyond the Writing Process Paradigm. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1999.

Lu, Min-zhan. “Redefining the Legacy of Mina Shaughnessy: A Critique of the Politics of Linguistic Innocence.” Journal of Basic Writing 10:1 (1991) 26-40.

Miller, Susan. Textual Carnivals: The Politics of Composition. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1991.

Miller, Thomas. The Formation of College English: Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in the British CulturalProvinces. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 1997.

Murphy, James, ed. A Short History of Writing Instruction from Ancient Greece to Twentieth Century America. Davis, CA: Hermagoras, 1990.

Schroeder, Christopher, Helen Fox, and Patricia Bizzell. ALT DIS: Alternative Discourses and the Academy. Portsmouth, NH.: Boynton/Cook, 2002.

Sullivan, Patricia. "Composing Culture: A Place for the Personal." College English 66:1 (2003): 41-54.

Tate, Gary, Amy Rupiper, and Kurt Schick. A Guide to Composition Pedagogies. New York: Oxford UP, 2001.

Villanueva, Victor, ed. Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader.Urbana, Ill.: NCTE, 2003.

Special Focus Area:

Scientific Discourse

Rationale: With this list, my central goal is to gain a nuanced understanding of postmodernist challenges to the supposed pure objectivity of scientific discourse. I am especially interested in this topic because it takes postmodernist relativism to its furthest (and, arguably, absurdist) extreme. In the ‘Philosophy of Science and Social Studies of Science’ sub-list, I have included two forms of scholarship implicated in postmodernism: philosophy of science texts advocating (in varying degrees)methodological relativism and social-constructivist accounts of scientific knowledge-building. I have also included in this sub-list texts from the positivist tradition of philosophy and, furthermore,recent works attempting to directly refute academic postmodernists’ claims regarding science. The ‘Rhetoric of Science’ sub-list focuses both on historical case studies analyzing how specific scientists have deployed language to frame their project as a science and, moreover, studies looking at how persuasion figures into contemporary scientific discussion. The ‘Discourse and Corpus Studies’ sub-list covers scholarship that,although working in a manner similar to rhetorical studies,do not frame scientific conversation in terms of agent-centered persuasion. Lastly, I have included a ‘Technical Writing’ sub-list to give me some of the background knowledge I will require to teach classes on the topic when and if I am ever asked to do so.

(58 items)

Philosophy of Science and Social Studies of Science

Feyerabend, Paul. Against Method. London: Humanities Press, 1975.

Gross, Paul R., and Norman Levitt. Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and its Quarrels with Science. Baltimore: JohnsHopkinsUniversity Press, 1994.

Hempel, Carl. Aspects of Scientific Explanation. New York: The Free Press, 1965.

Jasanoff, Sheila, et al., eds. Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1995.

Knorr-Cetina, Karin. The Manufacture of Knowledge: An Essay on the Constructivist and Contextual Nature of Science.Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981.

Kolak, Daniel, and Garret Thomson, eds. The Longman Standard History of Modern Philosophy. New York: Pearson, 2006.

——. The Longman Standard History of 19th Century Philosophy. New York: Pearson, 2006.

——. The Longman Standard History of 20th Century Philosophy. New York: Pearson, 2006.

Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1962.

——. The Essential Tension.Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1977.

Latour, Bruno. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society.Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1987.

——. We Have Never Been Modern. Trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1993.

—— and Steve Woolgar. Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts.Beverly Hills: Sage, 1979.

Laudan, Larry. Beyond Positivism and Relativism: Theory, Method, and Evidence. Boulder, CO.: Westview, 1996.

Merton, Robert. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. Ed. Norman Storer. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1973.

Polyani, Michael. Scientific Thought and Social Reality: Essays. Ed. Fred Schwartz.New York: IUP, 1974.

Popper, Karl. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Hutchison, 1959.

Rorty, Richard. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1979.

Sellars, Wilfrid. Empiricism and the Philsophy of Mind. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1997.

Shapin, Steven. Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1985.

Sokal, Alan D. and Jean Bricmont. Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science. New York: Picador, 1998.

Rhetoric of Science

Anderson, Wilda. “Scientific Nomenclature and Revolutionary Rhetoric.” Rhetoric 7 (1989): 45-54.

Campbell, John Angus. “Scientific Revolution and the Grammar of Culture: The Case of Darwin’s Origin.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 72 (1986): 351-376.

Ceccarrelli, Leah. Shaping Science with Rhetoric. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2001.

——. “Rhetorical Criticism and the Rhetoric of Science.” Western Journal of Communication 65 (2001): 314-330.

Fahnestock, Jeanne. “Accommodating Science: The Rhetorical Life of Scientific Facts.” Written Communication 3 (1986): 275-296.

——. Rhetorical Figures in Science. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

Gross, Alan. The Rhetoric of Science.Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1990.

—— and William M. Keith, eds. Rhetorical Hermeneutics: Invention and Interpretation in the Age of Science.Albany: SUNY P, 1997.

Halloran, S. Michael. “The Birth of Molecular Biology: An Essay in the Rhetorical Criticismof Scientific Discourse.” Rhetoric Review 3 (1984): 70-83.

Harris, Randy Allen, ed. Landmark Essays on Rhetoric of Science: Case Studies.Mahwah, N.J.: Hermagoras, 1997.

——.Rhetoric and Incommensurablity. West Lafeyette, IN: Parlor Press, 2005.