Final Exam Review – Answer Key
1.) What were effects of new farming technologies on agriculture?
-new equipment = more production with fewer people
-Less people needed on farms – move to cities
-Larger farms
2.) What is a market, mixed and command economy?
Market: Supply and Demand determine what to produce/business owners decide prices/Private ownership
Mixed: Some private/some gov’t ownership
Command: Government makes decision on what is produced and what it costs
3.) Why did people emigrate from Eastern European countries to the United States?
-To improve living conditions
-Religious freedoms
-Break away from strict governments
4.) Who were Progressives? What did they want to fix?
-Progressives wanted to improve industrial society
-Wanted to fix the wrongs of industrialism (child labor, poor living and working conditions)
5.) Define Imperialism AND Anti-Imperialism.
-Strong country taking advantage of a weaker country – using them for resources, etc (God, Gold, Glory)
-(Anti) Don’t need to dominate people in order to trade with them
6.) Define the Monroe Doctrine (U.S. policy)
-European countries should stay out of the affairs in the Western Hemisphere
7.) What was the U.S. foreign policy that kept the U.S. out of WWI for three years?
-Neutrality or isolationism
8.) What was the League of Nations? When was it formed?
-Peace keeping organization formed after WWI
9.) How does the “clear and present danger rule” affect your 1st Amendment right of freedom of speech?
-Your freedom of speech can be limited if it sparks a criminal act or threatens national security
10.) What was the 19th Amendment? What election year could people take advantage of the 19th Amendment?
-Women’s suffrage and the 1920 elections
11.) Describe the 1920’s. What were people rebelling against? Also, how did prohibition lead to organized crime?
-People rebelled against traditional values
-Flappers – went against the traditional role of the female in society (no longer housewives)
-People making alcohol and selling it illegally
-Speakeasies – people drinking illegally
12.) What was the Great Migration? Why was there a Great Migration?
-Movement of African Americans from rural south to urban north
-Poor farming in south – better jobs in the cities in the north
13.) What was the Dust Bowl? Where did it take place?
-Wind storms kick up the dried up dirt from over-used land in middle America
14.) The Federal Reserve……
If they want to slow down inflation and spending, the Fed will increase interest rates (encourage saving).
If they want to increase spending to fuel the economy, the Fed will decrease interest rates (makes it “cheaper” to spend money).
15.) What was the New Deal? How was the government involved?
-Gov’t program to give people relief, recovery and reform
-Increased government involvement in people’s lives
16.) How did the Supreme Court feel about a lot of the New Deal legislation?
-Declared a lot of it unconstitutional – saying that it gave the President too much power
17.) In the 1930’s, did the U.S. spend more money on domestic or foreign affairs?
-Domestic – the U.S. mostly stayed isolated from WWII until Pearl Harbor
18.) Why did the U.S. join WWII?
-Bombing of Pearl Harbor by the Japanese
19.) What happened to Japanese-Americans during WWII?
-Forced to move to internment camps
20.) How did the role of women change during WWII?
-Working outside the home and took the jobs of men who went off to war
-worked for the army as nurses
21.) Which countries were represented in the “Big Three”? Who were the leaders of those countries?
-Soviet Union (Stalin)
-U.S. (Roosevelt)
-Britain (Churchill)
22.) What is containment? Give two examples of containment.
-Stopping the spread of communism
-Korea and Vietnam
-West Berlin
23.) What was the Space Race? Who developed the first satellite? What was the name of the satellite?
-Between the Soviets and the United States
-Race to create the first satellite, first person in space and on the moon
-Sputnik – created by the Soviet Union
24.) What did Joseph McCarthy accuse people of during the 1950’s?
-Being communist
25.) What was the Marshall Plan?
- Financial aid for countries after WWII provided by the United States – helped them rebuild
26.) Where did the U.S. fight communism from 1950 – 1953?
-South Korea
27.) Where did the U.S. fight communism in the 1960s and 1970s?
-South Vietnam
28.) Which Supreme Court Case said that “separate is equal” – legalizing the segregation system?
-Plessy vs. Ferguson
29.) What is civil disobedience? How did Rosa Parks practice civil disobedience?
-Non-violent protest – breaking the law in a peaceful manner
-She refused to stand up and give a white man her seat on the city busses in Montgomery, AL
30.) Describe the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and its impact on the Civil Rights Movement.
-Passed by Lyndon Johnson – prohibited segregation in public places and outlawed discrimination in housing and the workplace
-(voting) Took away literacy tests/poll taxes
-All the hard work of protestors/civil rights workers paid off
31.) What was the intended purpose of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
-Remove Fidel Castro from power
-The CIA backed Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro
32.) How did Kennedy react to the Cuban Missile Crisis? What was the end solution?
-Many options available (air attacks to remove missiles, invasion, negotiation and blockade)
-Blockade works, and Soviet Union withdraws missiles with US promise NOT to invade Cuba
33.) What was the Great Society?
-President Johnson’s plan to eliminate poverty and racial injustice
34.) What was the final outcome of the Vietnam War?
-When the US left, the North invaded the South and the South surrendered
-The whole country became under communist rule
35.) What was the goal of the Peace Corps, created by President Kennedy?
-Help developing nations in Latin America, Asia and Africa