SupplementaryFigure S1Secondary structures of potential miRNAs in Euphorbiaceousplants. The region of the mature miRNA sequence is shown in CAPITAL letters.

Structure 1: miR156Initial ΔG = -47.80 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGAAGAGAGUGAGCACcauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucuucucucacucgugguaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 2: miR156aInitial ΔG = -47.80 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGAAGAGAGUGAGCACcauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucuucucucacucgugguaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 3: miR156aInitial ΔG = -47.80 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

u -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGAAGAGAGUGAGCACcauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 4: miR156a Initial ΔG = -46.00 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

-| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCACcauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 5: miR156bInitial ΔG = -47.70 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

u -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCACcauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 6: miR156b Initial ΔG = -47.70 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

u -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCACcauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 7: miR156b Initial dG = -40.30 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

u - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 8: miR156b Initial dG = -40.20 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

u - u -| u ga a

GACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

cugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

a g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 9: miR156b Initial dG = -33.9 kcal/mol

10 20 30

- u -| u ga a

CAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACAga ga uga uuug guug a

gucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

g c c^ u -- u

70 60 50 40

Structure 10: miR156c Initial dG = -47.80 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

u -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCACcauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 11: miR156c Initial dG = -41.5 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

-| c cuu cu uau

CAGA AGAGAGUGAGCACcauggu uuc gcaua c

gucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a^ u --- cu uuu

. 70 60 50

Structure 12: miR156c Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

u - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 13: miR156c Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 14: miR156d Initial dG = -47.8 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCAC cauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 15: miR156d Initial dG = -47.8 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCAC cauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 16: miR156d Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

u - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 17: miR156e Initial dG = -47.8 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCAC cauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 18: miR156e Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 19: miR156f Initial dG = -47.8 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCAC cauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 20: miR156f Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 21: miR156g Initial dG = -46.1 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

-| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCAC cauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 22: miR156g Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 23: miR156h Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 24: miR156h Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 25: miR156i Initial dG = -40.2 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

GACAGAAGAUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

cugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

a g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 26: miR156j Initial dG = -47.8 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCAC cauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 27: miR156j Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 28: miR156k Initial dG = -47.8 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U -| c cuu cu uau

GACAGA AGAGAGUGAGCAC cauggu uuc gcaua c

cugucu ucucucacucgug guaucg aag cguau a

a a^ u --- cu uuu

80 70 60 50

Structure 29: miR157a Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 30: miR157b Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAG AUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 31: miR157c Initial dG = -40.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

UGACAGAAGAUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

acugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

- g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 32: miR157d Initial dG = -40.2 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40

U - u -| u ga a

GACAGAAGAUAGAGAGCACaga ga uga uuug guug a

cugucuuc uaucucucguguuu cu acu aaac uaau a

a g c c^ u -- u

80 70 60 50

Structure 33: miR159 Initial dG = -73.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

uggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

AUCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

. 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 34: miR159 Initial dG = -72.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

ggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

UCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 35: miR159 Initial dG = -71.0 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

gagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

CUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUu uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 36: miR159 Initial dG = -76.4 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

- u aa uu ---| auc g c gauc a u cuaa

gagcuccuuuc guccaaa gaggauc gcu ggguag aagcu cugga uaug cca aag ccuauccu \

CUCGAGGGAAG UAGGUUu uuucuag uga uccauu uucga gacuu auac ggu uuc ggauggga u

C U a- uu uuu^ au- g u guuc a - auuu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 37: miR159 Initial dG = -75.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

u aa uu ---| auc g c gauc a u cuaa

gagcuccuuuc guccaaa gaggauc gcu ggguag aagcu cugga uaug cca aag ccuauccu \

CUCGAGGGAAG UAGGUUU uuucuag uga uccauu uucga gacuu auac ggu uuc ggauggga u

U a- uu uuu^ au- g u guuc a - auuu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 38: miR159 Initial dG = -73.9 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uuu ---| auc g c gauu a u a auu

uggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaa aagcu cugau uaug cc cag ccua cccua a

AUCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau ggggu a

AG cu uuu uuc^ au- g u guuc c c a auu

. 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 39: miR159 Initial dG = -72.9 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uuu ---| auc g c gauu a u a auu

ggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaa aagcu cugau uaug cc cag ccua cccua a

UCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau ggggu a

AG cu uuu uuc^ au- g u guuc c c a auu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 40: miR159 Initial dG = -71.9 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uuu ---| auc g c gauu a u a auu

gagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaa aagcu cugau uaug cc cag ccua cccua a

CUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUu uucua ugu uccauu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau ggggu a

AG cu uuu uuc^ au- g u guuc c c a auu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 41: miR159a Initial dG = -73.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

uggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

AUCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

. 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 42: miR159a Initial dG = -72.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

ggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

UCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 43: miR159a Initial dG = -72.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

ggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

UCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 44: miR159a Initial dG = -71.0 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

gagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

CUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUu uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 45: miR159a Initial dG = -76.4 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

uu u aa uu ---| auc g c gauc a u cuaa

gagcuccuuuc guccaaa gaggauc gcu ggguag aagcu cugga uaug cca aag ccuauccu \

CUCGAGGGAAG UAGGUUu uuucuag uga uccauu uucga gacuu auac ggu uuc ggauggga u

AC U a- uu uuu^ au- g u guuc a - auuu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 46: miR159a Initial dG = -75.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

u aa uu ---| auc g c gauc a u cuaa

gagcuccuuuc guccaaa gaggauc gcu ggguag aagcu cugga uaug cca aag ccuauccu \

CUCGAGGGAAG UAGGUUU uuucuag uga uccauu uucga gacuu auac ggu uuc ggauggga u

U a- uu uuu^ au- g u guuc a - auuu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 47: miR159a Initial dG = -75.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

u aa uu ---| auc g c gauc a u cuaa

gagcuccuuuc guccaaa gaggauc gcu ggguag aagcu cugga uaug cca aag ccuauccu \

CUCGAGGGAAG UAGGUUU uuucuag uga uccauu uucga gacuu auac ggu uuc ggauggga u

U a- uu uuu^ au- g u guuc a - auuu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 48: miR159a Initial dG = -72.9 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uuu ---| auc g c gauu a u a auu

ggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaa aagcu cugau uaug cc cag ccua cccua a

UCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau ggggu a

AG cu uuu uuc^ au- g u guuc c c a auu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 49: miR159a Initial dG = -72.9 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uuu ---| auc g c gauu a u a auu

ggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaa aagcu cugau uaug cc cag ccua cccua a

UCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUu uucua ugu uccauu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau ggggu a

AG cu uuu uuc^ au- g u guuc c c a auu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 50: miR159a Initial dG = -71.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uuu ---| auc g c gauu a u a auu

gagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaa aagcu cugau uaug cc cag ccua cccua a

CUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUu uucua ugu uccauu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau ggggu a

AG cu uuu uuc^ au- g u guuc c c a auu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 51: miR159b Initial dG = -71.3 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

uggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

AUCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

. 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 52: miR159b Initial dG = -72.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

ggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

UCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 53: miR159b Initial dG = -72.6 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

ggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

UCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUu uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 54: miR159b Initial dG = -71.0 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uu- ---| uc g c gauu a u a a- ua

gagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaaa aagcu cuaau uaug cc cag ccua cccu au \

CUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUu uucua ugu uccauuu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau gggg ua a

AG cu uuu uuc^ u- g u guuc c c a gg uu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 55: miR159b Initial dG = -76.4 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

uu u aa uu ---| auc g c gauc a u cuaa

gagcuccuuuc guccaaa gaggauc gcu ggguag aagcu cugga uaug cca aag ccuauccu \

CUCGAGGGAAG UAGGUUu uuucuag uga uccauu uucga gacuu auac ggu uuc ggauggga u

AC U a- uu uuu^ au- g u guuc a - auuu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 56: miR159b Initial dG = -76.4 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

- u aa uu ---| auc g c gauc a u cuaa

gagcuccuuuc guccaaa gaggauc gcu ggguag aagcu cugga uaug cca aag ccuauccu \

CUCGAGGGAAG UAGGUUu uuucuag uga uccauu uucga gacuu auac ggu uuc ggauggga u

C U a- uu uuu^ au- g u guuc a - auuu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 57: miR159b Initial dG = -75.6kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

u aa uu ---| auc g c gauc a u cuaa

gagcuccuuuc guccaaa gaggauc gcu ggguag aagcu cugga uaug cca aag ccuauccu \

CUCGAGGGAAG UAGGUUU uuucuag uga uccauu uucga gacuu auac ggu uuc ggauggga u

U a- uu uuu^ au- g u guuc a - auuu

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90

Structure 58: miR159b Initial dG = -73.9 kcal/mol

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ga ag uuu ---| auc g c gauu a u a auu

uggagcuccuu aguccaaa aggau gca ggguaa aagcu cugau uaug cc cag ccua cccua a

AUCUCGAGGGA UUAGGUUU uucua ugu uccauu uucga gauug auac gg guu ggau ggggu a

AG cu uuu uuc^ au- g u guuc c c a auu

. 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90