Fig. a Total Number of Reported Natural Disasters Between 1900 and 2015

Fig. A Total number of reported natural disasters between 1900 and 2015

Source: Authors’ computation from EM-DAT: OFDA/CRED International Disaster

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Fig. BTotal affected persons by reported natural disasters between 1960 and 2015

Source: Authors’ computation from EM-DAT: OFDA/CRED International Disaster

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Table A Summary of the effects of floods disasters in Amhara region in 2015

Region / District / Affected / Damaged crop land (ha) / No of livestock affected
Kebele / Households / Population
South Gondar / Fogera / 6 / 2,148 / 9,370 / 2,327 / 15,676
Libokemkem / 8 / 5,959 / 29,795 / 3,966 / 16,861
Dera / 4 / 3,133 / 17,721 / 2,671 / 9,971
North Gondar / Dembia / 9 / 8,151 / 35,574 / 6,348 / 14,491
Quara / 8 / 6,078 / 8,300 / 5,460 / 15,225
West Gojam / Bahirdar Zuria / 2 / 374 / 1,838 / 320 / 9,500
Mecha / 1 / 356 / 1,780 / 227 / 10,000
Achefer / 2 / 774 / 3,870 / 900 / 29,521
North Wollo / Kobo / 3 / 403 / 2,288 / 306 / 8,250
North Shoa / Antsokia / 11 / 961 / 4,137 / 326 / 6,375
Oromia / Dewa Cheffa / 1 / 610 / 2,074 / 338 / 17,175
Artuma Fursi / 1 / 105 / 525 / 105 / 22,985
Jilie Tumuga / 1 / 96 / 480 / 24 / 6,470
Kemisie town / 1 / 1,064 / 5,137 / 1,070 / 1,000
Total / 58 / 30, 212 / 122, 889 / 24,388 / 183,500

Source: Amhara region flood assessment unpublished report (2015)

Source: Authors’ own construction from household survey (April 2015)

Source: Authors’ own construction from household survey (April 2015)

Source: Authors’ own construction from household survey (April 2015)

Source: Authors’ own construction from household survey (April 2015)

Source: Authors’ own construction from household survey (April 2015)

Source: Authors’ own construction from household survey (April 2015)

Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) test for Multicollinearity OLS

Variable / VIF / 1/VIF
Supply of labor / 2.45 / 0.407521
Household size / 2.18 / 0.459697
Age / 2.15 / 0.465401
Educational status / 1.76 / 0.569683
Land size / 1.68 / 0.595152
Incidence of illness / 1.29 / 0.772789
Social networks / 1.24 / 0.805932
Availability of farm oxen / 1.12 / 0.889755
Trade / 1.12 / 0.896644
Sex of household head / 1.11 / 0.902897
Exposure to flood / 1.06 / 0.941827
Mean / VIF / 1.56

Omitted variable test

Ramsey RESET test using powers of the fitted values of LRI

Ho: model has no omitted variables

F(3, 199) = 0.55

Prob > F = 0.6503

Test of heteroskedasticity

Breusch-Pagan / Cook-Weisberg test for heteroskedasticity

Ho: Constant variance

Variables: fitted values of LRI

chi2(1) = 0.13

Prob > chi2 = 0.7205

Post-estimation tests for normality of residuals

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Post-estimation tests for normality of residuals

(A)Kernel density estimate of residuals

(B)Standardized normal probability plot of residuals

(C)Plot of residuals against predicted values

(D)Quintile-normal plot of residuals

Shapiro-Wilk W test for normal data

Variable / Obs. / W / V / z / Prob>z
Residual / 214 / 0.99252 / 1.183 / 0.389 / 0.34877

The null hypothesis is that the distribution of the residuals is normal, here the p-value is 0.348. Thus, the null hypothesis will be accepted with the conclusion that the residuals are normally distributed.

Table Black of economic assets and access to credit and resilience status

Non-resilient / Resilient / Total
Ownership of farm oxen / 36 (80 %) / 9 (20%) / 45
Access to credit / 121(93.07%) / 9(6.92 %) / 130
Ownership of farm land / 17(100%) / 0 (0%) / 17

Source: Authors’ own construction from household survey (April 2015)