Fall Semester Anatomy & Physiology Review

I. Matching:

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A.Integumentary
  1. Skeletal
  2. Muscular
  3. Nervous
  4. Cardiovascular
  5. Lymphatic
  6. Immune
  7. Respiratory
  8. Digestive
  9. Urinary
  10. Reproductive

L. Endocrine

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_____ 1. Rids body of nitrogen-containing waste.

_____ 2. Provides support & levers for the muscular system.

_____ 3. Delivers oxygen & nutrients to the tissues.

_____ 4. Is damaged when you cut your finger or get a sunburn.

_____ 5. Breaks down ingested food.

_____ 6. Controls body with hormones.

_____ 7. Trachea, bronchi, alveoli

_____ 9. Moves the limbs, allows you to smile

_____ 10. Testis, vas deferens, urethra.

II. Key Choices: Using the key choices, correctly identify the following major tissue types. Enter the appropriate letter in the answer blank.

A. Connective B. Epithelium C. MuscleD. Nervous

_____ 11. Forms mucous, serous, & epidermal membranes.

_____ 12. Transmits electrochemical impulses.

_____ 13. Supports body organs.

_____ 14. Cells of this tissue may absorb & or secrete substances.

_____ 15. The major function of the cells of this tissue type is to shorten.

_____ 16. Characterized by having large amounts of nonliving matrix.

III. Matching: Match the homeostatic imbalance of the skeletal & integumentary systems with their names.

A. MastoiditisB. Decubitus UlcersC. Scoliosis D. Rickets E. Cyanosis

_____ 17. Bones fail to calcify due to a lack of vitamin D.

_____ 18. Infection of the mastoid sinuses.

_____ 19. Excessive lateral curvature of the spine

_____ 20. Bed sores due to a lack of blood supply to the skin.

_____ 21. Skin appears blue due to a lack of oxygen in the blood.

IV. Identify the membrane described by each statement. (letters may be duplicated)

A. EndotheliumB. Serous MembraneC. Cutaneous Membrane D. Mucous Membrane

_____ 22. The membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body.

_____ 23. The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior.

_____ 24. Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

_____ 25. Lines blood vessels & the heart.

V. Matching: Match the organelle with its description.

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  1. Mitochondria
  2. Microtubules
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Centrioles
  5. Lysosomes
  6. Golgi Complex
  7. Ribosomes
  8. Nucleosomes
  9. Plasma Membrane
  10. Nucleus
  11. Chromosomes
  12. Endoplasmic Reticulum

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_____ 26. External boundary of cell, confines its contents of cell & regulates transport of substances into &

out of the cell.

_____ 27. Essentially sacs of digestive enzymes; often called suicide sacs because they have the ability to

destroy the cell itself.

_____ 28. Production site of ATP, powerhouse of cell.

_____ 29. Cellular ”packaging site” for protein & lipids that are to be exported from the cell.

_____ 30. Site of protein synthesis.

_____ 31. Rod shaped or cylindrical bodies that spin the mitotic spindle.

_____ 32. Cellular area where most organelles are found.

_____ 33. Control center of cell.

_____ 34. Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.

_____ 35. Storage & modification area for proteins, also serves as a mini-transport system for moving them

form one part of the cell to another.

VI. Match the cavity with the various body organs.

A. CranialB. ThoracicC. SpinalD. Abdominopelvic

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_____ 36. Stomach_____ 40. Heart

_____ 37. Brain_____ 41. Spinal cord

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_____ 38. Spleen_____ 42. Lungs

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_____ 39. Liver

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VII. Match: Use the following directional terms to complete the statements.

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  1. Anterior
  2. Distal
  3. Distal
  4. Inferior
  5. Proximal
  6. Superior

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_____ 43. The fingers are *** to the wrist.

_____ 44. The heart is *** to the liver.

_____ 45. The stomach is *** to the spine.

_____ 46. The upper arm is *** to the forearm.

_____ 47. The umbilicus is *** to the sternum

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VIII. Completion:

______48. What is another name for a primary mover?

______49. What is another name for a secondary mover or a muscle that helps the primary

mover?

______50. What is a specialized synergist that stabilizes the origin of a primary mover so all the

tension can be used to move the insertion bone?

______51. The majority of all ankle sprains occur due to what motion?

______52. When you accelerate the gas pedal in your car your foot is in what motion?

______53. When you bend you knee or decrease the angle of the joint it is called what motion?

______54. The attachment site of a muscle where motion can occur is what site?

IX. True / False

_____ 55. Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier molecule.

_____ 56. The zygomatic bones are the cheekbones of the face.

_____ 57. The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase.

_____ 58. Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.

_____ 59. Squamous cells are normally considered to be flattened, scale-like cells.

_____ 60. Ribs numbered 11 & 12 are true ribs because they have no anterior attachments.

_____ 61. Cuboidal shape glandular cells are usually associated with secretion while simple columnar

shaped cells are associated with absorption.

_____ 62. The lateral forearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals is the radius.

_____ 63. The atlas is a circle of bone that articulates superiorly with the occipital condyles.

_____ 64. The squamosal suture is between the parietal & temporal bones.

_____ 65. Isotopes differ from each other only in the amount of electrons contained.

_____ 66. A tissue consists of groups of cells that have a similar function.

_____ 67. The major function of serous membranes would be to reduce friction.

_____ 68. The Saggital suture is between the occipital & parietal bones.

_____ 69. Hydrogen bonds are commonly called weak bonds.

_____ 70. Conjugation & regeneration are 2 forms of cell repair.

X. Matching: Using the key choices, choose ALL responses that apply to the following descriptions.

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  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Germinativum

C.Stratum Granulosum

  1. Stratum Lucidum
  2. Papillary Layer
  3. Reticular Layer
  4. Epidermis as a whole
  5. Dermis as a whole

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______71. Translucent cells containing eleidin.

______72. Dermis layer responsible for fingerprints.

______73. vascular region.

______74. Major skin area where derivatives (nails & hair) arise.

______75. Epidermal region exhibiting rapid cells division; most inferior epidermal layer.

______76. Scale-like dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off.

______77. Site of elastic & collagenic fibers.

______78. Site of melanin formation.

XI. Completion:

______79. What is the term for bone growth?

______80. Kinesiology is the science of ****?

______81. In what type of fracture does the bone penetrate through the skin?

______82. What fluid lubricates some joints?

______83. What bone cells secrete matrix during intramembranous ossification.

______84. What bone cells are able to reabsorb bone?

______85. The skull & vertebrae make up the *** skeleton.

XII. Matching: Identify the structure involved by choosing the appropriate term from column B

_____ 86. Concentric layers of calcified matrix.A. Haversian canal

_____ 87. Site of osteocytesB. Concentric Lamellae

_____ 88. Longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels,C. Lacunae

lymphatics, & nervesD. Canaliculi

_____ 89. Nonliving, structural part of bone.E. Matrix

_____ 90. Minute canals connecting lacunae.

XIII. Matching: Gross anatomy of the typical long bone. Using the terms to the right, characterize the following statements.

_____ 91. Site of spongy bone in the adultA. Diaphysis

_____ 92. Site of compact bone in the adultB. Endosteum

_____ 93. Site of hemopoiesis in the adultC. Epiphyseal plate

_____ 94. Delicate lining of the medullary cavity.D. Epiphysis

_____ 95. Fibrous membraneE. Periosteum

_____ 96. Site of fat storage in the adultF. Red marrow cavity

_____ 97. Site of longitudinal growth in the child.G. yellow marrow cavity

XIV. True or False

_____ 98. Red marrow is the site of hematopoisis.

_____ 99. Long bone growth in length continues until late puberty.

_____ 100. The small passages connecting the lacunae are called Haversian canals.

_____ 101. The fibrous tissue covering around bone which is necessary for bone growth & repair is

perichondrium.

_____ 102. Volkman’s canals are found at right angles to the Haversian canals to interconnect them with

the periosteum.

_____ 103. Multinucleated cells which act to reabsorb bone are called chondroblasts.

_____ 104. The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates that bone growth is at an end..

_____ 105. Compact bone is found only along the epiphysis of long bone.

_____ 106. A sesamoid bone is classified as a flat bone.

XV. Match the symptoms with the terms in the following key.

A. OsteomalaciaB. OsteoporosisC. Paget’s Disease

_____ 107. Bones are porous & thin but bone composition is normal.

_____ 108. Bone formed is poorly mineralized & sort. Deforms on weight bearing.

_____ 109. Bone overgrowth & deficiency occurs. Bone formed is abnormal & is a blend of woven &

compact bone

XVI. Matching: Match the following terms with the correct descriptions in the key.

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  1. Sulcus
  2. Meatus
  3. Foramen
  4. Condyle
  5. Tubercle
  6. Trochanter
  7. Tuberosity
  8. Fossa

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_____ 110. Very large bone process.

_____ 111. Shallow depression, may be an articular socket.

_____ 112. Bone opening for passage way for blood vessels, nerves, etc.

_____ 113. Large rounded process; site of muscle attachment.

_____ 114. Canal or tube-like passage.

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XVII. Muscle Function Completion:

______115. The Rectus abdominus, obliques & transverses abdominus all perform what action?

______116. The hamstrings do what action?

______117. What is the longest muscle in the human body?

______118. What is the action of the quads?

______119. What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?

______120. Name 2 hamstring muscles

______121. continued

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II. Trace the pathway of blood through the heart & a ll body tissues.

122 / Superior & Inferior
123
124 / Valve
125
126 / Valve
127
128 / (external respiration occurs here)
129
130
131 / Valve
132
133 / Valve
134 / (largest artery in the body)
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136
137 / (internal respiration occurs here)
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139
140 / Superior & Inferior

I. Directions: Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

141 / What are the ear-like structures that extend from the atria?
142 / How large is the size human heart?
143 / Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
144 / Which vessels carry blood to the heart?
145 / Name one coat or tunic of an artery.
146 / What is the anterior breast bone that protects the heart?
147 / What is a normal blood pressure?
148 / What is another name for your heart strings?
149 / What is the AV valve with three flaps?
150 / How much does the human heart weigh?
151 / Name four components of blood.
152
153
154
155 / What is the main component of the hemoglobin molecule?
156 / What are the monosyllables describing the heart sounds? (2 words)
157 / What is pericardial fluid & what is its function?
158 / What is the definition of diastole?
159 / What is the function of the Purkinje fibers?
160 / What is tachycardia?

Endocrine System

161. What endocrine gland sits in the sella turcia?

162. Name 2 glands found in the neck.

163. Goiter is associated w/which gland?

164. Name 2 mixed glands.

165. What is the function of T4 & T3?

166. Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex causes what disease?

`67. Does PTH or Estrogen control levels of calcium?

168. Does ADH prevent urine formation or increase heart rate?

169. Are exocrine or endocrine glands ductless?

170. Hyposecretion of the ______gland causes giantism.

171. What is the effect of FSH?

172. Is it Diabetes I or Diabetes II that a person would be called insulin dependent?

173. Which gland is associated with Diabetes?

174. What system regulates metabolism & energy balance?

175. Acromegaly is caused by hypersecretions of what hormone?

IV. Muscular System: Name the major muscles described by the function.

Function / Muscle
176. Used in smiling
177. The “kissing” muscle
178. The prayer muscle, primary head flexion, a 2-headed neck muscle.
179. Used in winking
180. Allows blowing, sucking in your cheeks.
181. Frowning or pouting muscle
182. Abdominal muscle that is the major spine/trunk flexor.
183. Flexes & rotates the trunk, “love handles”
184. Chest muscle that elevates the ribs during breathing.
185. A muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend your head.
186. Primary muscles that extends the upper arm posteriorly originating from the lumbodorsal fascia.
187. Abducts upper arm, assists in flexion & extension of upper arm, is an antagonist to the muscle in #11.
188. Muscle runs the length of the spine & extends the back & head while maintaining erect posture of the trunk.
189. A synergist of the trapezius in scapular elevation; act to flex the head to the same side.
190. Small rectangular muscles that act together to square the shoulders. (major & minor)
191. Muscles that allow you to grip a horse’s back w/your legs.
192. The primary muscle group that extends the knee.
193. “Toe dancers’ muscles”, made of 2 muscles.
194. A superficial muscle of the lateral leg; plantar flexes & everts the foot.
195. Primary elbow flexor & supinates the forearm & hand.
196. Agonist to the muscle for # 20.(extends elbow)

Plus Labeling Page

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