ECH 4224L
Title
Group …
Author1
Author2
Author3
Author4
Experiments performed on …
Submitted on …
Table of Contents
Abstract 1
Introduction 1
Objectives 1
Theoretical Background 1
Experimental Procedure 1
Materials 2
Equipment 2
Experimental Protocol 2
Safety 2
Results and Discussion 2
Results 2
Discussion 3
Conclusions 4
Acknowledgements 4
References 4
Appendix 4
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Abstract
A single paragraph (250-300 words) providing a succinct description of the work. Briefly describe the purpose of the experiment, experimental methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract must be self-contained and allow one to understand the essence of the entire report. Do not refer to figures and tables located in other sections of the report. Avoid including symbols or acronyms.
Introduction
A review of relevant background information and a description of how this work contributes to the field. Make sure to properly cite relevant references. Pick one of the citation formats and stick with it throughout the report. E.g., you can refer to publications by their number in the list of references, as in “additional details are provided in [1]”. An example of the reference formatting is provided in the References section of this template.
Objectives
· Objective1
· Objective2
· …
Theoretical Background
Discussion of physical phenomena and relationships relevant to the experiment. Do not include theoretical discussions or equations that are not relevant to the experiment. Do not derive any equations that can be found in a textbook, a handbook, a journal publication, or a lab manual posted online. Simply state the equation and include a reference to a reliable source. E.g., “Henry’s law constant can be approximated as [2]”
HT=HTrefexp-C1T-1Tref. / (1)All equations should be centered on the page and numbered sequentially on the right. Insert an equation by pressing the “Equation” button in the “Insert” menu tab. It is suggested to create a three-column, one-row table for each equation, as illustrated by Eq. (1) above. The equation should then be contained in the center column, the left column should be left blank and the right column should contain the equation number. The cell borders of the table should be invisible.
Experimental Procedure
Details about experimental methods, measurements, procedural protocols, materials, equipment, and safety precautions. The presentation of this material may be aided by subsections, as illustrated below.
Materials
Description of all materials used in the experiment. It may be useful to place all relevant properties of the materials into a table.
Equipment
Describe all equipment needed to carry out the experiment. Consider including photographs or schematics of the equipment or certain aspects of the measurements if these make the equipment description or measurements more precise. Include information on precision and range of measurement of all relevant data in the experiment.
Experimental Protocol
Provide specific details on the sequence of steps involved in preparing initial conditions, performing the experiment, and collecting the data.
Safety
Provide a summary of any safety issues and how these issues were mitigated.
Results and Discussion
A detailed discussion of your work, including supporting data, figures, tables, equations, etc. This section often has several levels of subsections. The Results and Discussion can be either presented in the same section or two different sections.
Results
Include all figures, tables and relevant details that document your final results and analysis. Introduce the reader to each figure and table with a brief paragraph indicating what variables are plotted or tabulated. E.g., “Time dependence of the liquid temperatures at the inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger is shown in Figure 1” or “Dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on the liquid and gas flow rates is summarized in Table 1.” No figure or table should appear before its introductory paragraph. Unreferenced figures and tables are not acceptable. Figures and tables should be numbered according to the order in which they appear in the report.
Figure 1. Time dependence of the temperatures of the hot and cold water at the inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger.
Each figure and table must have a caption providing enough detail so that the figure/table is understandable without reading the surrounding text. Use the “Insert Caption” option in the “Reference” menu tab of MS Word to automatically number figures, tables, and equations. Use the “Cross Reference” feature of the “References” tab to create a reference to a figure/table in text, e.g. Figure 1 and Table 1.
Table 1. Dependence of the mass transfer coefficient Kxa on the gas and liquid flow rates V and L.
V(mol/s) / L
(mol/s) / Kxa
(mol/s∙m)
… / … / …
… / … / …
… / … / …
In general, figures are preferable to tables, since experimental trends can be more clearly seen in figures. Tables with raw data should be placed into the Appendix.
Discussion
Interpretation of your experimental observations. Describe effects of control parameters on outcomes of your experiments. Compare results of the experiments with predictions of the theory discussed in the Theoretical Background section.
Provide plausible explanations if the experiments and the theory disagree. If you believe that the experimental results are invalid, discuss what went wrong. Be specific. Do not use vague statements such as “human error”.
Conclusions
A brief statement of the primary contributions of the report. Unlike abstract, this section need not be a stand-alone summary of your report and may refer to other portions of the report if necessary.
Acknowledgements
Acknowledge anyone who played a specific and substantial role in the experimental work but is not an author (e.g., other students, instructors, and staff).
References
1. Author1, “Book title1”, publication date.
2. Author2, “Book title2”, publication date
3. ...
Appendix
Raw data and other information that is relevant but is too lengthy to include in the body of the report. If necessary, organize the Appendix in subsections. Each subsection must be self-contained and referred to in the body of the report. An introductory paragraph should be used to inform the reader of the contents of each subsection. If the data are too extensive, submit a separate spreadsheet file containing all the information. Make sure to provide sufficient comments in the spreadsheet file.
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